LPS直接诱导对肺微血管内皮细胞IL—8的表达及对PMN趋化作用影响的研究

目的探讨LPS的直接诱导作用对肺微血管内皮细胞(PMVEC)IL -8表达的影响及诱导发生的PMVEC对多形核中性粒细胞(PMN)趋化作用的影响。方法100ng/mlLPS刺激PMVEC0、0.5、1、2、4、6、8h或1ng/ml、10ng/ml、100ng/mlLPS刺激6h ,ELISA和原位杂交试验分别检测培养基上清液中分泌的IL -8及PMVEC内IL -8mRNA的表达 ,同时琼脂糖平板法检测对PMN的趋化作用 ,并通过抗IL -8的抗体抑制试验观察对趋化作用的影响。结果LPS能显著促进PMVEC表达IL -8 ,包括促进IL -8mRNA的表达及IL -8的分泌。在时间上mRNA的表达先于IL -8分泌。LPS能促进PMVEC对PMN的趋化 ,随刺激作用的持续 ,诱导的PMVEC对PMN的趋化作用加强。抗IL -8抗体能显著抑制对PMN的趋化作用(P<0.01)。结论表明细菌致病因子LPS的直接诱导能促进PMVEC高效表达和分泌IL -8 ,从而为PMN的迁移提供必需的物质条件 ,发挥对PMN的趋化作用而参与导致肺损伤     

LPS的直接诱导对肺微血管内皮细胞IL-8的表达及对PMN趋化作用影响的研究

目的探讨LPS的直接诱导作用对肺微血管内皮细胞(PMVEC)IL -8表达的影响及诱导发生的PMVEC对多形核中性粒细胞 (PMN)趋化作用的影响。方法100ng/mlLPS刺激PMVEC0、1、2、4、6、8h或1、10、100ng/mlLPS刺激6h,ELISA和原位杂交试验分别检测培养液上清中分泌的IL -8及PMVEC内IL-8mRNA的表达 ,同时琼脂糖平板法检测对PMN的趋化作用 ,并通过抗IL -8的抗体抑制试验观察对趋化作用的影响。结果LPS能显著促进PMVEC表达IL -8 ,包括促进IL-8mRNA的表达及IL -8的分泌。在时间上mRNA的表达先于IL -8分泌。LPS能促进PMVEC对PMN的趋化 ,随刺激作用的持续 ,诱导的PMVEC对PMN的趋化作用加强。抗IL -8抗体能显著抑制对PMN的趋化作用(P<0.01)。结论表明细菌致病因子LPS的直接诱导确能促进PMVEC高效表达和分泌IL -8 ,从而为PMN的迁移提供必需的物质条件,发挥对PMN的趋化作用而参与导致肺损伤。     

LPS诱导肺微血管内皮细胞与PMN的粘附作用及核调控机理的实验研究

目的研究LPS诱导的肺微血管内皮细胞(PMVEC)与(PMN)的粘附作用及调控机制。方法100ng/mlLPS刺激PMVEC0、2、4、6、8h或10ng/ml、50ng/ml、100ng/mlLPS刺激6h ,检测PMVEC -PMN粘附率、PMVECICAM -1的表达(免疫细胞化学)。EMSA方法检测NF -κB的活化。并通过加入An ti_ICAM -1抗体或活化阻断剂观察对PMVEC -PMN粘附率的影响。结果PMVECICAM -1的表达及与PMN的粘附与LPS的刺激呈时相 -剂量依赖方式。LPS的刺激迅速活化NF -κB ,60min达到高峰 ,后逐渐下降。Anti-ICAM -1抗体、PDTC能显著降低PMVEC -PMN粘附(P<0.001)。结论LPS刺激诱导NF -κB的活化 ,启动ICAM -1的合成表达 ,从而导致PMVEC -PMN的粘附增加     

LPS诱导肺微血管内皮细胞ICAM-1的表达及 NF-κ B作用的实验研究

目的研究 LPS诱导的肺微血管内皮细胞( PWVEC) ICAM- 1的表达及调控机制.方法 100ng/ml LPS刺激 PMVEC 0h、2h、4h、6h、8h或 10ng/ml、50ng/ml、100ng/ml LPS刺激 6h,免疫细胞化学检测 PMVEC ICAM- 1的表达.凝胶电泳迁移率变化分析检测 NF- κ B的活化.并通过加入活化阻断剂 PDTC观察对 PMVEC ICAM- 1表达的影响.结果 PMVEC ICAM- 1的表达与 LPS的刺激呈时相 - 剂量依赖方式.LPS的刺激迅速活化 NF- κ B,60min达到高峰,后逐渐下降.PDTC能显著降低 ICAM- 1的表达( P<0. 01).结论 LPS刺激诱导 NF- κ B的活化,启动 ICAM- 1的合成表达.     

脂多糖对肺微血管内皮细胞IL-8表达的影响及其调控机理

目的探讨脂多糖(LPS)的直接诱导作用对肺微血管内皮细胞(PMVEC)IL-8表达的影响及通过核因子κB(NF-κB)的调控机理。方法肺微血管内皮(PMVEC)细胞生长至80 %以上融合度时用于实验。加入LPS以100ng/ml浓度刺激细胞分别至0、0.5、1、2、4、6、8h ,或LPS分别以1ng/ml、10ng/ml、100ng/ml刺激细胞至1h或6h为检测时相点 ,每组6个标本。至预定时相点离心收集培养液上清 ,行IL -8ELISA检。用原位杂交试验检测培养液上清中分泌的IL -8及PMVEC内IL-8mRNA的表达 ;凝胶电泳迁移率分析 (EMSA)检测NF-κB的活化 ,以积分灰度值表示NF-κB的活性变化。观察NF -κB活化抑制 (PDTC)对IL-8表达的影响。结果LPS能显著促进PMVEC表达IL -8,随刺激时间延长IL -8水平逐渐升高 ,与0h相组比 ,100ng/mlLPS刺激后从2小时开始即有明显上升 (P<0.05) ,8h达到峰值 ,为5.86±0.68ng/ml(P<0.01)。与对照组比 ,1ng/mlLPS刺激6h即能显著诱导IL-8的表达(P<0.05) ,10ng/ml、100ng/ml的诱导作用非常显著(P<0.01) ,随着LPS浓度的增加而增加。LPS刺激后能明显地诱导IL -8mRNA的表达。100ng/mlLPS刺激后从1h开始即在胞浆中显示IL-8mRNA的强阳性表达 ,随作用时间延长 ,IL-8mRNA表达增加。至6h达到高峰 ,8hIL -8mRNA表达略有下降。同时显示IL -8mRN     

槲皮素对LPS诱导中性粒细胞活性化效应的抑制作用

目的研究槲皮素(Quercetin,Que)对细菌脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的中性粒细胞(Polymorphonuclear,PMN)活化效应的影响。方法运用免疫荧光法和流式细胞术,对接受1h LPS刺激的PMN表面黏附分子(CD62L,CD11b／CD18)的表达进行测定,同时应用MTT法对不同状态下的PMN活性进行测定。结果Que对LPS诱导的中性粒细胞活化效应有明显抑制作用,表现为抑制细胞表面黏附分子CD62L的表达和促进CD11b／CD18的表达,同时Que对LPS增加细胞活性的效应有抑制作用。结论槲皮素通过对抗LPS对PMN黏附分子CD62L,CD11b／CD18的表达的影响,抑制LPS诱导的中性粒细胞活化效应,从而阻止PMN对血管内皮细胞的黏附,减少炎症细胞向炎症局灶的浸润,这可能是槲皮素发挥抗炎作用的一个重要机制。     

LPS诱导肺微血管内皮细胞ICAM-1的表达及NF-κB作用的实验研究

目的研究LPS诱导的肺微血管内皮细胞 (PWVEC)ICAM -1的表达及调控机制。方法100ng/mlLPS刺激PMVEC0h、2h、4h、6h、8h或10ng/ml、50ng/ml、100ng/mlLPS刺激6h ,免疫细胞化学检测PMVECICAM -1的表达。凝胶电泳迁移率变化分析检测NF -κB的活化。并通过加入活化阻断剂PDTC观察对PMVECICAM -1表达的影响。结果PMVECICAM -1的表达与LPS的刺激呈时相 -剂量依赖方式。LPS的刺激迅速活化NF -κB ,60min达到高峰 ,后逐渐下降。PDTC能显著降低ICAM -1的表达 (P<0 .01)。结论LPS刺激诱导NF-κB的活化 ,启动ICAM -1的合成表达。     

MCP—1对培养的人肾小球内皮细胞表达ICAM—1的影响

目的研究单核细胞趋化蛋白 - 1(MCP- 1)对培养的人肾小球内皮细胞 (HU GEC)表达细胞间粘附分子 - 1(ICAM- 1)的影响。方法采用细胞 EL ISA法。结果 1培养的 HU GEC表面有少量 ICAM- 1表达 ,在 10 ng/ m L MCP- 1刺激后 ICAM- 1表达量增多 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,6 h即有 ICAM- 1表达增强 ,12 h达高峰 ,不同浓度的 MCP- 1(10、2 0、40 ng/ m L)刺激HU GEC18h后 ,ICAM- 1表达与对照组比较差异显著 (P<0 .0 1) ;2加入抗 MCP- 1抗体后 ,ICAM- 1表达量下降 ,与对照组比较无差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论 MCP- 1可刺激 HU GEC表达 ICAM- 1增加。     

牙龈卟啉单胞菌在单核细胞对内皮细胞黏附作用中的影响

目的 观察牙龈卟啉单胞菌(P.gingivalis)W83和ATCC33277株侵入在单核细胞对内皮细胞黏附作用中的影响,及在内皮细胞细胞间黏附分子l(ICAM-1)转录和翻译中的作用. 方法 建立体外P.gingivalis侵入内皮细胞模型,孟加拉玫瑰红活细胞染色法测定P.gingivalis侵入前后单核细胞对内皮细胞黏附的变化;RT-PCR和mRNA比色定量法检测内皮细胞ICAM-1基因表达;West-ern blot检测ICAM-1蛋白水平的变化. 结果 P.gingivalis W83和ATCC33277株侵入可增加单核细胞对内皮细胞的黏附,抗ICAM-1抗体部分抑制P.gingivalis侵入介导的单核细胞对内皮细胞黏附增加;P.gingivalis侵入上调内皮细胞ICAM-l基因和蛋白的表达,W83诱导单核细胞对内皮细胞黏附增强及内皮细胞ICAM-1表达的能力强于ATCC33277. 结论 ICAM-1在P.gingivalis介导的单核细胞对内皮细胞黏附增强过程中起部分作用,P.gingivalis侵入内皮细胞诱导ICAM-1表达可能是其诱发动脉粥样硬化疾病的机制之一.     

脂多糖通过NF-κB途径上调大鼠腹膜间皮细胞表达CD40和ICAM-1

目的 观察脂多糖(LPS)作用下大鼠腹膜间皮细胞NF-κB活性及其对CD40和细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)表达的影响.方法 分离及培养大鼠腹膜间皮细胞.LPS不同浓度作用12 h 及LPS (5 μg/ml)作用不同时间点收集细胞;LPS(5 μg/ml)或BAY11-7085(一种IκBα的磷酸化抑制剂)不同浓度(1 μmol/L和5 μmol/L)预处理3 h加LPS,作用3 h后收集细胞;采用RT-PCR方法检测CD40和ICAM-1 mRNA表达.采用蛋白印迹检测NF-κB和磷酸化NF-κB(p-NF-κB)蛋白表达.结果 与常规培养基对照组相比,5 μg/ml LPS组CD40和ICAM-1 mRNA表达显著升高(P<0.05),10 μg/ml LPS组显著高于5 μg/ml LPS作用组(P<0.05).5 μg/ml LPS 作用下,ICAM-1 mRNA表达从1 h开始升高,3 h达到高峰,之后逐渐降低.CD40 mRNA表达在1 h无显著变化,3 h时迅速达到高峰,之后逐渐降低.常规培养的大鼠腹膜间皮细胞结构性表达p-NF-κB蛋白;加入LPS后,p-NF-κB蛋白表达显著增加,其中30 min～1 h表达最强,之后逐渐降低,至2 h仍显著高于常规培养组(P<0.05).加入5 μmol/L BAY11-7085后,LPS诱导的CD40和ICAM-1 mRNA表达显著降低(P<0.05),与正常对照组相比差异无统计学意义. 结论 LPS以时间依赖和浓度依赖模式上调CD40和ICAM-1的表达.NF-κB信号途径参与调节LPS诱导的大鼠腹膜间皮细胞CD40和ICAM-1的表达.     

Modulation of an adhesion-related surface antigen on equine neutrophils by bacterial lipopolysaccharide and antiinflammatory drugs

The essential role of the CD11/CD18 family of leukocyte adhesion molecules (LeuCams) in neutrophil-substrate adhesion is well documented. We have found that a monoclonal antibody designated 60.3 (MoAb 60.3) that recognizes the common beta-subunit (CD18) on human neutrophils (PMN) also recognizes a surface antigen on equine PMN. Antigen expression as assessed by immunofluorescence flow cytometry was enhanced by zymosan-activated serum (ZAS) or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation. Pretreatment of equine PMN with MoAb 60.3 inhibited ZAS-stimulated aggregation, indicating that the monoclonal recognized a functional epitope on equine PMN involved in adhesion-related functions. Cells pretreated only with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 microgram/ml) exhibited moderate increased binding of MoAb 60.3 as determined by fluorescence intensity. Preincubation of PMN with LPS resulted in a slight increase in MoAb 60.3 binding after subsequent ZAS stimulation, greater than that with either LPS or ZAS as sole stimulus. Similarly, enhanced binding of MoAb 60.3 was observed with LPS preincubation when PMA was used as a stimulus, but this effect was dose dependent and was observed at only one of three PMA concentrations tested (1 ng/ml). In other experiments, preincubation of PMN with antiinflammatory drugs inhibited 41.5-45.1% of ZAS-stimulated PMN adhesion to monolayers of equine endothelial cells. To determine whether modulation of expression of the adhesion-related antigen recognized by MoAb 60.3 correlated with these observed adhesive responses of PMN, we used immunofluorescence flow cytometry to assess expression of the antigen on drug-treated PMN. Using 10% ZAS as a stimulus, phenylbutazone (PBZ; 100 micrograms/ml) pretreatment of PMN reduced subsequent MoAb 60.3 binding by only 12.3%, and dexamethasone (DEX; 10(-5) M) reduced binding by only 1.0%; reductions of 16.4% with PBZ and 9.3% with DEX occurred when PMA (10 ng/ml) was used as the PMN stimulant. These data suggest that equine PMN express a functional adhesion molecule similar to those found on human PMN and that LPS may enhance the expression of this surface antigen. Expression of this adhesion-related surface antigen on equine PMN does not correlate well with levels of drug-induced diminished adhesion of PMN to endothelium in vitro.     

Hyaluronan inhibits cytokine production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated U937 macrophages through down-regulation of NF-κB via ICAM-1

Objective: This study investigated the inhibitory mechanism of hyaluronan (HA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated production of proinflammatory cytokines in U937 macrophages. Methods: HA was added to U937 macrophage cultures in the presence of LPS, with or without pretreatment with anti-intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) antibody. Secreted levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The phosphorylation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, IκBα, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was analyzed by immunoblotting. Results: LPS stimulated production of TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6. In contrast to 800 kDa HA, 2700 kDa HA at 1 mg/ml inhibited LPS-induced cytokine production. Anti-ICAM-1 antibody blocked the effects of HA on the LPS actions on U937 cells. LPS activated NF-κB and MAPK pathways, whereas HA down-regulated p65 NF-κB and IκBα phosphorylation by LPS without affecting MAPKs. Inhibition studies revealed the requirement of NF-κB for LPS-stimulated cytokine production. Anti-ICAM-1 antibody reversed the inhibitory effects of HA on phosphorylation of p65 NF-κB and IκBα. Conclusion: HA of intrinsic molecular weight suppresses LPS-stimulated production of proinflammatory cytokines via ICAM-1 through down-regulation of NF-κB and IκB. Exogenous HA injected into arthritic joints could act as an anti-NF-κB agent by the mechanism demonstrated in the present study. Received 23 September 2006; returned for revision 12 October 2006; accepted J. Di Battista 18 December 2006     

Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) on human articular cartilage chondrocytes.

Monoclonal antibodies have been used to demonstrate the induction of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) on chondrocytes in human articular cartilage. ICAM-1 was found not to be constitutively expressed but could be induced by exogenous interleukin 1 alpha(IL1- alpha) at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 20 ng/ml during in vitro culture. Maximum expression was observed with 2-5ng/ml. In time-course experiments ICAM-1 was not expressed after 4h in culture with IL1 alpha. Expression was induced by 16h and was sustained for a minimum of 6 days in the continued presence of the cytokine. The endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule (ELAM-1) was not expressed on chondrocytes and was not induced by IL1-alpha.     

Impaired phagocyte responses to lipopolysaccharide in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.

Bone marrow-derived cells from patients suffering from paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) show a defect in the expression of phosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane proteins, including the CD14 molecule. Blocking experiments with anti-CD14 monoclonal antibodies have shown that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha production by monocytes depends on the interaction between CD14 and a complex formed by LPS and LPS-binding protein. We used a whole-blood model to examine the LPS-induced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 in PNH patients and healthy volunteers. At low endotoxin concentrations (1 ng/ml), PNH patients displayed a marked defect in the production of both cytokines, whereas at high LPS concentrations (100 ng/ml), cytokine production was similar to that in healthy volunteers. Using flow cytometry, we also studied the expression of the adhesion molecules Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) and ICAM-1 (CD54) by monocytes and granulocytes after LPS stimulation. Compared with phagocytes from healthy volunteers, CD14-deficient cells showed poor Mac-1 and ICAM-1 upregulation when whole blood was stimulated with LPS (1 ng/ml), whereas their response to higher LPS doses (100 and 1,000 ng/ml) was essentially normal. The importance of the CD14 molecule in the activation of phagocytes by low LPS concentrations was confirmed by the inhibitory effect of an anti-CD14 antibody both in healthy volunteers and in PNH patients. Since these patients produce the soluble form of the CD14 molecule, these data suggest that soluble CD14 could play a role in phagocyte responses to LPS. We conclude that, in whole blood, phagocytes from PNH patients show impaired responsiveness to LPS and this phenomenon is most probably related to their defect in expression of membrane CD14.     

不同浓度的瘦素在胚胎着床中对细胞间粘附分子-1和金属蛋白酶9的影响

目的建立体外子宫内膜培养模型,观察不同浓度瘦素（即leptin）对与着床密切相关的细胞间粘附分子-1（Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1,即ICAM-1）、金属蛋白酶9（Matrix Metalloproteinase9,即MMP9）的影响,进而探讨leptin对胚胎早期着床的的调节作用。方法采用免疫细胞化学方法检测子宫内膜中ICAM-1和MMP9的表达;采用ELISA方法分别检测经leptin干预培养模型后培养液中ICAM-1和MMP9的表达。结果免疫细胞化学方法：ICAM-1主要在腺体细胞中有表达,基质细胞仅有少量的表达,而MMP9在子宫内膜基质细胞和腺体细胞中均有表达;ELISA结果显示：与对照组相比,ICAM-1经100ng/ml的leptin干预后表达上调（P〈0.05）,而经1ng/ml、10ng/ml的leptin干预后表达无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;MMP9分别经1ng/ml、10ng/ml、100ng/ml的leptin干预后表达上调（P〈0.05）。结论一定量的leptin可以增加体外培养模型中ICAM-1和MMP9表达。     

ICAM-1, ICAM-2 and ICAM-3 in the Sera of Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

In order to test the serum levels of ICAM-1, ICAM-2 and ICAM-3 in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), twenty patients with IPF and eleven with secondary interstitial fibrosis (SIF), as well as forty healthy volunteers (HV) were studied. Serum intracellular adhesion molecules (ICAM) 1, 2 and 3 were assessed by ELISA. Functional respiratory tests, which included spirometry and lung diffusing capacity were simultaneously performed. Median values of serum ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 were higher in the patients' than in the healthy volunteers' (HV) group: IPF group: 946.60 ng/ml and 400.14 ng/ml; SIF group: 901.58 ng/ml and 378.27 ng/ml; HV group: 308.40 ng/ml and 217.55 ng/ml, respectively (p < 0.05). ICAM-3 serum levels were equal between the three groups. ICAM-2 negatively correlated to DLCO values. (p < 0.005). It can be concluded that ICAM 1 and 2 are elevated in the sera of patients with pulmonary fibrosis. ICAM-2 might be associated with a more impaired clinical status.     

Effects of HMGB1 on PMN apoptosis during LPS-induced acute lung injury

Objective

To observe the effects of intravenous injection of HMGB1 inhibitor sodium butyrate on changes in apoptosis of PMN during LPS-induced acute lung injury in rats and HMGB1 in vitro on human circulating PMN apoptosis, in order to clarify the role of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury.

Methods

(1) LPS-induced acute lung injury rat model was developed by LPS infusion. At different time-points after LPS challenge in the presence or absence of sodium butyrate (SB), the rat tissue sample, peripheral blood PMNs and BALF were collected. RT-PCR was applied to examining rat lung tissue HMGB1 mRNA expression level, and Western blotting analysis was adopted to determine expression of rat lung tissue HMGB1 protein. PMN apoptotic changes were determined by flow cytometric (FCM) analysis, Giemsa staining and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. (2) Separated and purified human circulating PMN were coincubated for 24 h with different doses of HMGB1 (0, 10, 100, 1000 ng/ml, respectively) at 37 °C in 5% CO₂. PMN apoptosis rate was determined by flow cytometric (FCM) analysis and by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method.

Results

(1) The percentage of apoptosis of PMN in rat model of LPS-induced ALI was gradually decreased as compared with that of normal control. The PMN apoptosis-initiation time and non-survival time in rat BALF prolonged significantly as compared with that of normal control. The injured rat lung tissue HMGB1 mRNA and protein expression was upregulated 6–24 h after LPS exposure; SB intervention significantly ameliorated the upregulation. In addition, the morphologic examination indicated that the edema severity and pathological changes of lung tissues were excessively aggravated in rats after LPS administration. By comparison, SB treatment diminished the severity of lung damage. Combined with lung HMGB1 expression level, the above changes indicate that the pathological changes of lung tissue were related to the injured lung HMGB1 expression, as well as apoptotic changes in PMN. (2) After coincubation of HMGB1 with human circulating PMNs, TUNEL and flow cytometry were performed. The study revealed that PMN apoptosis ratios was (40.53 ± 4.12) % in control group (PMNs + RPMI 1640 medium), (19.05 ± 2.44) % in LPS group (PMNs + RPMI 1640 medium + 10 μg/ml LPS), (40.52 ± 2.73) % in HMGB1-1 group (PMNs + RPMI 1640 medium + 10 ng/ml HMGB1), (34.89 ± 1.15) % in HMGB1-2 group (PMNs + RPMI 1640 medium + 100 ng/ml HMGB1), and (18.77 ± 3.02) % in HMGB1-3 group (PMNs + RPMI 1640 medium + 1 000 ng/ml HMGB1). There was statistical significance. Meanwhile, PMN TUNEL positive rate was (31.42 ± 4.40) %, (31.39 ± 3.80) %, (25.62 ± 2.46) %, and (17.98 ± 3.20) % in control group, HMGB1-1 group, HMGB1-2 group and HMGB1-3 group, respectively. The inhibitory effect was HMGB1 dose-depended as compared with that of control group.

Conclusion

After LPS challenge, high expression of rats' lung HMGB1 mRNA occurs at a later phase, but keeps for a long time. Sodium butyrate (SB) treatment attenuated LPS-induced PMN apoptosis delay and inhibition, and down-regulated HMGB1 mRNA expression of injured lung. HMGB1 in vitro inhibited human circulating PMN apoptosis markedly, and the inhibitory effect was HMGB1 dose-depended. The results demonstrated that HMGB1 may play an important role as a modulator in apoptotic changes in PMN during LPS-induced ALI. It concludes that HMGB1 may contribute to the development of PMN apoptotic changes during LPS-induced acute lung injury.     

Changes in plasma levels of adhesion molecules after percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty.

BACKGROUND: Adhesion molecules are expressed on vascular endothelium and on immune and inflammatory cells. Recently increased levels of adhesion molecules have been shown in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis. This study examined the serum levels of the adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis and the effects of percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty (PMBV) on these adhesion molecules. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty five patients (3 men, 32 women, mean age 39+/-5 years) with severe rheumatic mitral stenosis who underwent percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty, and 35 age and sex matched healthy control subjects were included in the study. Serum levels of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin were measured in all patients who underwent PMBV and in all control subjects. Blood samples were taken for measurement of adhesion molecules immediately before and 24 h after the mitral balloon valvuloplasty. RESULTS: The plasma levels of soluble adhesion molecules E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were significantly elevated in patients with mitral stenosis compared to control subjects: E-selectin, 97+/-59 vs. 45+/-24 ng/ml (P=.001), sICAM-1, 874+/-301 ng/ml vs. 238+/-82 ng/ml (P<.0001); sVCAM-1, 3056+/-763 ng/ml vs. 985+/-298 ng/ml (P<.0001). Plasma levels of VCAM-1 significantly increased 24 h after the valvuloplasty procedure (3056+/-763 ng/ml vs. 3570+/-1225 ng/ml P=.013). Plasma levels of E-selectin showed a significant decrease after PMBV (97+/-59 vs. 70+/-58 ng/ml, P=.043) and plasma levels of ICAM-1 did not show any change after PMBV (874+/-301 vs. 944+/-377 ng/ml, P=.356). CONCLUSION: Cellular adhesion molecules, sICAM-1, E-selectin, sVCAM-1 have shown changes in different directions in response to PMBV. These results necessitate further studies to clarify the mechanism underlying the association between adhesion molecules and PMBV as well as rheumatic mitral stenosis.