应用Ponseti方法治疗先天性多发性关节挛缩症的马蹄内翻足

目的探讨应用Ponseti方法治疗先天性多发性关节挛缩症的马蹄内翻足的临床疗效。方法自2002年11月至2007年6月本院共收治多发性关节挛缩症的马蹄内翻足21例41足。其中男15例，女6例。平均年龄8．3个月（3d至5岁6个月）。对初次治疗和经治疗复发的病例均采用Ponseti方法治疗。结果20例获随访，1例失访。平均随访时间28个月（2个月至4年7个月）。其中32足复发，16足第2次复发，10足第3次复发，1例2足第3次复发后行手术治疗。随访时Pirani评分：0．1分32足；1．5．3分8足。结论Ponseti方法可作为先天性多发性关节挛缩症的马蹄内翻足的一种保守治疗方法。     

Ponseti方法治疗先天性复发性马蹄内翻足疗效

目的 评价Ponseti方法治疗先天性复发性马蹄内翻足的疗效.方法 2005年6月至2009年3月,我院共收治先天性复发性马蹄内翻足患儿22例37足,男12例,女10例,平均年龄(16.1±11.5)个月(8～58个月),所有病例均采用Ponseti方法治疗,包括每周1次手法矫形和序列石膏固定、经皮跟腱切断及使用足外展支具.结果 本组病例22例均得到随访,最短15个月,平均(22.0±6.5)个月,按Pirani方法评分,0～0.5分评定为优良,最终37足中有28足Pirani评分达到0～0.5分,优良率75.7%.结论 Ponseti方法治疗先天性复发性马蹄内翻足可以取得满意的效果.     

Ponseti技术治疗婴幼儿先天性马蹄内翻足62例

目的评价Ponseti技术治疗婴幼儿先天性马蹄内翻足的初步疗效。方法本院自2007年9月至2011年9月,采用Ponseti技术治疗先天性马蹄内翻足62例（98足）,其中男49例（81足）,女13例（17足）;年龄15d至16个月。结果全部病例均获随访,随访时间6～54个月,按Pirani标准评价疗效和随访（0～0．5为正常,≥1．0为畸形复发）。56例（90足）外观畸形纠正,皮下触及跟腱连续有力,踝关节可背屈达10°～20°,跟骨无内翻,高弓消失,无“摇椅足”发生,优良率92％（90／98）;6例年龄9个月以上患儿（8足）因不按要求佩戴支具畸形部分复发,复发率8％（8／98）。结论Ponseti技术治疗先天性马蹄内翻足方法简单,疗效确切,是治疗先天性马蹄内翻足的首选方法。     

Ponseti法治疗婴儿先天性马蹄内翻足的随访观察北大核心CSCD

目的观察婴儿特发性马蹄内翻足Ponseti法矫正后平均5年的随访结果。方法回顾分析2005年3月至2008年6月,我院骨科采用Ponseti方法治疗先天性马蹄内翻足连续病例,人选标准：①先天性马蹄内翻足（生后即有足内翻畸形）;②首次治疗时年龄0～12个月;③仅采用Pon—seti方法矫正。排除标准：①治疗及随访过程中发现其他运动神经系统畸形：多关节挛缩症,髋关节脱位、膝关节脱位、羊膜束带、脊髓栓系、脊膜膨出,脑发育不良等;②就诊前曾采用其他方法治疗。临床结果的判定,优：跖行,无痛,行走生活良好,已行,或未行跟腱切断术;良：已行或已决定行胫前肌外移等非涉及关节囊的矫形手术者;差：已行或已决定行后内侧软组织松解术者。结果经病史分析得到56例76足符合标准。其中男42例,女14例,双足20例,单足36例（左侧11足,右侧25足）,共计76足。随访年限最短3年,最长6年,平均5年。76足中62足（81．6％）临床结果为优,6足（7．9％）临床结果为良,8足（10．5％）临床结果为差。以患儿就诊时年龄是否超过3个月分为两组,两组均为38足,小年龄组中29／38（76．3％）为优,5／38（13．1％）为良,4／38（10．5％）为差,大年龄组中33／38（86．8％）为优,1／38（2．6％）为良,4／38（10．5％）为差,两组结果差异无统计学意义。结论①特发性马蹄内翻足采用Ponseti法矫正后在平均5年随访时,81．6％的足为优,7．9％的足为良,10．5％的足为差（需要行后内侧软组织松解术）;②在4～12个月之间开始矫形的特发性马蹄内翻足中,在平均5年随访时与0～3个月之间开始矫正的患儿相比,临床结果差异没有统计学意义。     

Ponseti方法治疗先天性马蹄内翻足疗效

目的评价Ponseti方法早期治疗先天性马蹄内翻足的疗效。方法应用Ponseti方法(连续石膏矫形加皮下跟腱切断加足外展矫形支具)治疗先天性马蹄内翻足25例31足。男20例25足,女5例6足;年龄5d~12个月。结果病例随访2~24个月,平均16.3个月,按Dimeglio和Pirani分类和评价方法,25例31足中24例30足(96.8%)畸形获得满意矫正,1例1足残余部分畸形需手术治疗。结论Ponseti方法早期治疗先天性马蹄内翻足均可取得良好疗效。     

Ponseti方法治疗先天性马蹄内翻足侧位X线片距骨跟骨角的特点及对复发的预测价值研究CSCD

目的探究婴幼儿马蹄内翻足经Ponseti方法治疗跟腱松解后早期X线片上距骨跟骨角的特点及其在预测马蹄内翻足复发中的临床价值。方法收集并随访2002年1月至2013年9月广州市妇女儿童医疗中心收治的119例先天性马蹄内翻足患儿,共177足。根据有无复发分为复发组(33例)和未复发组(86例)。患儿初始治疗年龄均小于6个月,均应用Ponseti方法行系列石膏固定矫正足内收内翻后背屈小于15°,并行跟腱松解术。在跟腱松解术后3个月内拍摄足背屈应力下X线侧位片,测量侧位片距骨跟骨角(lateral talus-calcaneus angle,TC_L),对比分析跟腱松解后单侧马蹄足患儿正常足与患足的TC_L特点,分析所有马蹄足TC_L大小与预后的关系,应用logistic回归判断早期TC_L对马蹄内翻足复发的预测价值。结果本研究复发组与未复发组在性别、跟腱松解年龄及跟腱松解术后3个月内X线检查年龄上比较,差别均无统计学意义(P值分别为0.83,0.57,0.17)。TC_L比较,复发组(34.38°±10.99°)与未复发组(40.72°±12.86°)差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。单侧患儿患足(38.56°±11.57°)与正常足(50.91°±9.26°)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。应用Logistics回归计算距骨跟骨角预测马蹄足复发的ROC曲线下面积为0.6629(χ^(2)=8.2567,P=0.0041),距骨跟骨角的最佳临界点为40°。结论先天性马蹄内翻足Ponseti方法治疗、跟腱松解术后3个月内X线片距骨跟骨角明显较正常值小,对预测复发有一定价值。距骨跟骨角越小,复发的可能性越大。     

波形蛋白在先天性马蹄内翻足内侧软组织中的表达

目的探讨先天性马蹄内翻足（Congenital clubfoot，CCF）软组织挛缩的机制。方法收集本院20例（2006年8月～2007年8月）手术治疗的先天性马蹄内翻足患儿的内侧三角韧带组织和5例尸体正常三角韧带组织进行对照研究。所取标本进行常规HE组织学染色观察以及波形蛋白（Vimentin，Vim）的免疫组织化学染色。染色结果应用图像分析软件和SPSS软件分析。结果免疫组织化学统计学结果显示：马蹄内翻足标本中波形蛋白（Vim）均呈现阳性反应，表达光度值为（0．51±0．07）；而对照组5例中仅有少数波形蛋白（Vim）反应阳性，表达光度值为（0．234±0．06），差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论波形蛋白的高表达可能促进先天性马蹄内翻足的内侧软组织孪缩。     

先天性马蹄内翻足的早期保守治疗-Bensahel方法的原则与技术

先天性马蹄内翻足是小儿骨科常见的畸形,主要畸形有前足内收、跟骨内翻、踝关节马蹄畸形以及胫骨内旋.其治疗方法很多,如肌力平衡手术、后内侧软组织松解,甚至骨性手术等,虽然治疗方法的选择上各异,但早期治疗的重要性已达成共识,包括最早应用的Kitte石膏和目前在全球普及的Ponseti石膏疗法.     

早期手法矫正系列石膏固定治疗先天性马蹄内翻足

目的 评价早期应用手法矫正系列石膏固定(Ponseti方法)治疗先天性马蹄内翻足的效果。方法 从1997年5月-2001年12月保守治疗出生后3个月内的先天性马蹄内翻足22例共30个足。患儿的平均年龄为生后第23d，方法 采用Ponseti的手法矫正和连续长腿石膏固定，每周更换石膏一次。在石膏固定结束后，患儿穿戴矫形支具至少1年。结果 本组平均治疗时间10．5周，平均随访2年4个月。27个足(90％)的畸形获得满意矫正，3个足因支具穿戴欠配合，随访时仍有残余畸形，需广泛软组织松解术矫正。结论 Ponseti的“旋后外展”手法矫正方法和连续长腿石膏固定，可使不同畸形程度的先天性马蹄内翻足在早期获得充分的矫正，石膏固定结束后应佩戴矫形支具至少1年，以防畸形复发。     

距下关节完全松解术治疗儿童僵硬型马蹄内翻足

为了提高僵硬型马蹄内翻足的矫正效果。方法；采用距下关节完全松解术来矫正此类畸形，距下关节完全松解术包括标准的后内侧松解以及距舟关节外侧，距下关节外侧，腓跟韧带和跟距骨间韧带的松解。在距下关节松解后，跟骰关节松解或跟骨截骨常用来进一步适用 前足持续性内收畸形。     

Role of nutrients in the regulation of in vivo protein metabolism in humans

Nutrients regulate protein metabolism both in an acute fashion and on a long-term basis. The ingestion of meals is associated with a dramatic switch from an overall catabolic state to a state of net protein anabolism. The acute response of protein metabolism to meal ingestion is mediated, in part, by an increase in insulin secretion, itself a consequence of glucose absorption. Whereas insulin may primarily suppress rates of proteolysis, amino acids are responsible for the stimulation of protein synthesis that follows food intake. In the long run, the effects of nutrition on protein metabolism depend on the energy supply, the source of the energy (carbohydrate versus fat) and dietary protein intake. Finally, specific amino acids, such as glutamine, may play an additional role as protein anabolic agents.     

氨磷汀在儿童肿瘤化疗中的应用

目的研究氨磷汀在儿童肿瘤化疗中的作用及不良反应。方法随机选择肿瘤32例患儿,采用自身对照,观察患儿在同一化疗方案中使用氨磷汀辅助治疗后黏膜损伤、骨髓抑制时间、发热持续时间、抗生素及刺激因子应用时间及氨磷汀的不良反应。结果氨磷汀辅助治疗组发生黏膜溃疡4例,明显低于对照组9例;中性粒细胞<0.5×109/L持续时间缩短,血小板<5×109/L持续时间缩短;发热持续时间、抗生素和刺激因子应用时间缩短。两组化疗过程中均未出现低体温、皮疹、低血压等情况,化疗后肾功能、心电图均正常;对肝功能影响程度相似;氨磷汀组低钙血症尤其是低钙性抽搐发生率高。结论氨磷汀能够有效保护正常组织细胞,不良反应较低,可在儿童肿瘤患者化疗中应用。     

Determinants of pregnancy in adolescents in Nepal

Objective : Social factors and prevalent norms in the community determine the proportion of teenage pregnancy in the community. In the light of high risk associated with teenage pregnancy, the socio-cultural determinants, which influence the conception among teenagers in Nepal, need to be understood. These determinants may be modified by suitable interventions to reduce teenage pregnancy. Aim of this study was to examine the socio-cultural determinants of teenage pregnancy in eastern Nepal.Methods : A case-control study design was selected for comparing the education, economic status, family support and freedom towards conception among teenagers as compared to higher age group women.Result : Seventy adolescent pregnant women were compared with seventy primigravida women in the 20 to 29 years age group. The teenage pregnant women were less educated, had poor economic background, more likely to have accidental pregnancies as compared to the other group and more likely to have love marriages. Husbands were more likely to decide about continuation of pregnancy. They had less psychological and social support from the family.Conclusion : Marriage at young age and pregnancy during teens are associated with less social acceptance and poor support in the family.     

Role of nutrients in the regulation of in vivo protein metabolism in humans

Nutrients regulate protein metabolism both in an acute fashion and on a long-term basis. The ingestion of meals is associated with a dramatic switch from an overall catabolic state to a state of net protein anabolism. The acute response of protein metabolism to meal ingestion is mediated, in part, by an increase in insulin secretion, itself a consequence of glucose absorption. Whereas insulin may primarily suppress rates of proteolysis, amino acids are responsible for the stimulation of protein synthesis that follows food intake. In the long run, the effects of nutrition on protein metabolism depend on the energy supply, the source of the energy (carbohydrate versus fat) and dietary protein intake. Finally, specific amino acids, such as glutamine, may play an additional role as protein anabolic agents.     

他汀类药物在儿童家族性高胆固醇血症治疗中的研究进展

家族性高胆固醇血症(FH)是一种常染色体显性遗传的脂质代谢障碍疾病,由于FH早期就可引起动脉粥样硬化病变,增加患者严重心血管疾病的患病风险和死亡风险,因此目前越来越强调患者自儿童期就使用他汀类药物进行治疗,以改善远期预后。文章综述他汀类药物治疗儿童FH的必要性、有效性和安全性,同时也提出目前存在的一些问题和思考。     

Diagnosis of Chlamydia pneumoniae in community-acquired pneumonia in children in Chile

The incidence of Chlamydia pneumoniae in community-acquired pneumonia in children was studied prospectively in 112 children aged 1 mo to 14 y. Diagnosis of C. pneumoniae was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on nasopharyngeal aspirates and serology by the microimmunofluorescence test on a single serum specimen. Three (2.7%) cases of pneumonia due to this agent were diagnosed by both PCR and serology. C. pneumoniae was not found in any of 62 children below 5 y of age. In the age group 5-8 y, only 1/30 (3%) was found positive, and in the age group 9-14 y, C. pneumoniae was diagnosed in 2/20 (10%) children. Conclusion: Although the number of enrolled patients is small, and the diagnostic techniques used may have some limitations, the results of this study suggest that C. pneumoniae plays a minor role in the aetiology of pneumonia in children less than 9 y of age in our country. However, it should be considered as a potential agent in pneumonia in older children.     

皮质激素在癫痫治疗中的应用

皮质激素在癫痫中的应用已有近50a的历史，现已证明其对某些癫痫综合征如婴儿痉挛症、Landau—Kleffner综合征、Rassmussen综合征、具有睡眠中癫痫性电持续状态的癫痫综合征等具有肯定的治疗作用，其确切的作用机制尚不清楚。在皮质激素应用过程中应注意其不良反应。     

Efficacy of amphotericin B in multi-drug resistant kala-azar in children in first decade of life

Fifty children in the first decade of life, and suffering from multiple drug resistant kala-azar, confirmed by demonstration of amastigotes in aspirates of bone marrow or spleen were treated with amphotericin B in gradually increasing dosage to a total dose of 20 mg/kg. All patients had classical features of severe kala-azar, and had taken more than one course of antimony and pentamidine, and three patients had taken one additional course of ketoconazole besides many courses of antimony and pentamidine. The clinical response started just after first infusion in 8 patients, and the patients became afebrile. By 5th infusion, all looked better and 18 patients became afebrile. By 15th infusion all patients were afebrile and cheerful. Their spleens became smaller and body weights and total white cell counts increased. Forty eight patients had parasitological cure at the end of treatment, and only 2 patients required an additional 5 infusions for parasitological cure. All patients were ultimately cured. No one relapsed within six months of follow up. All patients had shivering, rigor and rise of temperature on the day of infusion, which could be minimized with prior administration of low dose of hydrocortisone, but could not be eliminated. Eighteen patients had loose motions during treatment, while 14 patients had decrease in appetite which improved quickly when the treatment was over. Fourteen patients had transient rise of blood urea, in six patients serum creatinine also increased and 16 patients had a minor fall in serum potassium. It is concluded that amphotericin B is a very effective drug for multidrug resistant kala-azar in children, and should be used without hesitation in all such cases in children, but under close medical supervision.