梗阻性结直肠癌导管减压后3D腹腔镜与开腹手术的疗效比较

目的:比较梗阻性结直肠癌导管减压后行3D腹腔镜与开腹根治术的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2011年5月—2013年6月96例行手术治疗的梗阻性结直肠癌患者资料,所有患者术前均行肠梗阻导管置入减压,然后50例行3D腹腔镜下行结直肠癌根治术3D(腹腔镜手术组),46例行传统开腹结直肠癌根治手术(开腹手术组),比较两组患者的相关临床指标。结果:两组患者术前资料具有可比性;腹腔镜手术组平均手术时间长于开腹手术组(5.9 h vs.5.2 h,P0.05),平均总住院费用高于开腹手术组(3.3万元vs.2.7万元,P0.05),但平均术后排气时间(2.4 d vs.3.0 d,P0.05)、留置尿管时间(2.7 d vs.3.9 d,P0.05)、住院时间(15.2 d vs.23.8 d,P0.05)均明显短于开腹手术组;两组患者术后吻合口瘘、切口感染、腹腔脓肿和肠梗阻发生率差异均无统计学差异(均P0.05);两组患者3年无瘤生存率无统计学差异(80.0%vs.82.6%,P=0.744)。结论:3D腹腔镜手术治疗导管减压后梗阻性结直肠癌术后恢复快,且围手术期并发症与预后方面与开腹手术相似,可作为梗阻性结直肠癌治疗的手术方式。     

腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌根治术近期疗效对比

目的分析对比腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌根治术的近期疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2010年1月~2013年10月收治的120例结直肠癌患者的临床资料,其中腹腔镜手术组62例,开腹手术组58例。观察对比两组患者手术时间、出血量、肠蠕动时间、平均住院时间、术后恢复情况及并发症情况,并对肿瘤根治的有效性及安全性给予分析。结果两组患者均成功完成手术,无死亡病例。腹腔镜手术组手术时间长于开腹手术组(P0.05);术中出血量、术后引流量少于开腹手术组(P0.05);切口长度短于开腹手术组(P0.05);排气时间及住院时间短于开腹手术组(P0.05)。腹腔镜手术组术后并发症发生率为4.8%,明显低于开腹手术组的17.2%(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜根治性治疗结直肠癌是一种安全、微创、有效的手术方式,近期疗效满意,且具有创伤小、疼痛轻、恢复快、住院时间短等优点,值得临床广泛推广应用。     

腹腔镜下D3淋巴结清扫联合盆底自主神经保留术在直肠癌患者中应用的疗效及安全性

目的分析腹腔镜下D3淋巴结清扫联合盆底自主神经保留术在直肠癌患者中应用的安全性及疗效。方法对2015年3月至2016年10月期间彭州市人民医院胃肠外科收治的73例行保留盆底自主神经的直肠癌D3淋巴结清扫术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据手术方式分为腹腔镜手术组(38例)和开腹手术组(35例),比较2组患者术中及术后的相关指标,同时比较2组男性患者术前及术后1个月时的排尿和性功能情况。结果 (1)2组患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤直径、TNM分期及肿瘤部位比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)腹腔镜手术组的手术时间要明显长于开腹手术组(P0.05),但是腹腔镜手术组的术中出血量明显少于开腹手术组(P0.05),2组患者的淋巴结清扫数目比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)腹腔镜手术组的肛门恢复排气时间和住院时间均明显短于开腹手术组(P0.05)。腹腔镜手术组患者术后感染、肠粘连及肠梗阻并发症发生率明显低于开腹手术组(P0.05)。(4)2组内男性患者术后IPSS评分均较术前明显升高(P0.05)、IIEF-5评分均较术前明显下降(P0.05),但是2组男性患者术前及术后1个月时的IPSS及IIEF-5评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论从本组有限的病例初步得出,腹腔镜下D3淋巴结清扫联合盆底自主神经保留术在直肠癌患者中应用是安全、有效的,相对于传统开腹手术能减轻手术创伤,降低术后并发症发生率,促进术后康复和愈合。     

腹腔镜及开腹结直肠癌根治术的临床对比

目的:比较腹腔镜和传统开腹结直肠癌根治术的临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析由同一手术组完成的45例腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术和同期49例开腹结直肠癌根治术患者的临床资料对比两组的手术安全性、手术时间、出血量、术后恢复、肿瘤根治性随访结果.结果:两组均无严重并发症,均无手术死亡病例.腹腔镜组在术中失血、术后恢复、住院时间、术后止痛药剂量、并发症发生率、进食时间明显优于开腹组(P＜0.05),但在切除标本中淋巴结个数与开腹组无差统计学异(p＞0.05).结论:腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术创伤小、术后恢复快、安全可靠.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌手术与开放手术远期疗效的对比研究

目的 比较腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术与开腹手术的远期临床疗效.方法系统性回顾分析2008年1月至2011年1月5年间在本院行结直肠癌根治性手术的80例患者的临床资料,根据其手术方式分为腹腔镜手术组和开腹手术组,每组40例,比较两组患者的一般资料、手术时间、手术出血量、淋巴结数目、肛门排气时间、术后住院时间、术后并发症及术后无瘤生存率.结果腹腔镜组和开腹手术组相比较,出血量（120ml vs 150 ml）、肛门排气时间（3.5天vs 4.5天）、术后住院时间（13天 vs 15天）,腹腔镜组优于开腹手术组（P〈0.05）;两组手术时间（210分钟 vs 200分钟）、淋巴结数目（10 vs 9）及术后并发症发生率（22% vs 26%）差异无统计学意义;腹腔镜组术后5年无瘤生存率为60.5%,开腹手术组为50.5%,两组之间的差异无统计学意义.结论腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术与开腹手术的远期疗效差异无统计学意义,腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术有望成为结肠癌的手术治疗的标准术式,值得推广使用.     

腹腔镜胃癌手术的相关并发症及影响因素

目的：探讨腹腔镜胃癌手术的手术并发症的预防及处理办法。 方法：回顾性分析2009年1月—2013年6月197例接受腹腔镜胃癌根治术（腹腔镜组）和同期275例接受常规胃癌根治术患者（开腹组）的临床资料。比较两组的手术并发症发生率,并分析腹腔镜胃癌手术并发症的影响因素。 结果：腹腔镜组手术并发症发生率和传统的开腹组差异无统计学意义（10.66% vs. 10.55%,P>0.05）。患者年龄、术前合并症、淋巴结转移程度、手术时间、术者经验等腹腔镜胃癌手术并发症的影响因素（均P<0.05）。 结论：腹腔镜胃癌手术的手术并发症的发生与多种因素有关,应注意结合相关因素、患者实际情况制定相应的预防和干预策略。     

不同年龄直肠癌患者行腹腔镜与行开腹根治术的比较

目的 探讨腹腔镜直肠癌根治术在不同年龄患者中受益程度的差别.方法 从2008年1月至2009年3月期间我院对76例患者行直肠癌根治术,大于70岁的老年组34例,其中行腹腔镜根治术16例,开腹根治术18例;小于70岁的中青年组42例,其中行腹腔镜根治术23例,开腹根治术19例.对这2组患者围手术期的各项数据进行回顾性分析,并分别比较2组行腹腔镜与开腹根治术的差异.结果 2组均无手术死亡病例;在术后通气、进食及住院时间方面,2组中的腹腔镜根治术患者均明显短于开腹根治术患者(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);术中出血量及术后镇痛比例也更少(P＜0.01);在平均手术时间及淋巴结清扫数目方面两种手术之间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).在中青年组,除切口感染率LR明显低于OR(P＜0.05)外,在并发症发生率和术后生活自理比例方面,腹腔镜根治术与开腹根治术患者比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);而在老年组,腹腔镜根治术患者的各项并发症发生率均明显低于开腹根治术患者(P＜0.05),而术后生活自理比例则显著增高(P＜0.01).结论 腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术可以安全地用于老年及中青年患者.相比较而言,在术后并发症发生率及术后生活质量方面,老年直肠癌患者接受腹腔镜根治术的获益则显得更加明显,腹腔镜根治术对于老年直肠癌患者可能有更好的应用前景.     

基层医院腹腔镜直肠癌根治术后并发症影响因素分析

目的:分析腹腔镜直肠癌根治术后并发症及其相关影响因素。方法:回顾分析2012年9月至2019年9月97例行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者的临床资料,分析其并发症发生情况及相关因素。结果:97例行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术,19例(19.6%)术后发生并发症。分析结果显示,患者性别、体质量指数、术前合并症、肿瘤位置、肿瘤大小及术者经验与腹腔镜直肠癌根治术后并发症的发生有关;Logistic回归分析结果显示,患者性别、术前合并症、肿瘤位置、术者经验是术后并发症发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的并发症与多种因素有关,应注意提高术者手术技巧,结合相关因素、患者情况制定相应的预防与干预措施。     

低位直肠癌腹腔镜治疗临床分析

目的探讨低位直肠癌腹腔镜规范化治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2013年6月到2015年9月行手术治疗的低位直肠癌患者134例,根据手术方式将患者分为腹腔镜组(75例)和开腹组(59例),用SPSS 16.0统计软件进行数据分析,术中术后恢复指标用(±s)表示,两组间差异比较采用t检验;并发症发生率和术后随访结果以(%)表示,卡方检验用于两组间差异比较;P0.05有统计学差异意义。结果腹腔镜组的术中出血量、切口长度均低于开腹组(P0.05);腹腔镜组的手术时间、手术切缘距齿状线距离高于开腹组(P0.05);腹腔镜组术后肛门排气时间、术后进流食时间、术后自主下床时间、住院时间均低于开腹组,且差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。腹腔镜组术后并发症发生率5.3%(4例)显著低于开腹组16.9%(10例),且差异具有统计学意义(χ2=4.762,P0.05);腹腔镜组术后随访3年无瘤生存率(71例,93.3%)高于开腹组(49例,81.3%),且差异具有统计学意义(χ2=4.505,P0.05)。结论腹腔镜下低位直肠癌根治术的近期和远期疗效均好于开腹手术。     

腹腔镜和开腹手术治疗局部复发直肠癌的疗效分析

目的 比较腹腔镜和开腹手术治疗局部复发直肠癌的手术疗效.方法 回顾性分析由同一手术组医师施行的38例腹腔镜与70例开腹切除术治疗局部再发直肠癌患者的临床资料,并进行比较.结果 腹腔镜组和开腹手术组患者术前在年龄、性别、肿瘤分期方面差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).腹腔镜组的术中出血量、术后止痛剂用量、切口感染数明显少于开腹组(均P＜0.05).腹腔镜组与开腹手术组并发症发生率分别为23.7％和32.9％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 腹腔镜手术治疗局部复发性直肠癌安全有效,与开腹手术相比创伤更小,恢复快,值得临床推广应用.     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Is the recovery profile of mivacurium independent of the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with normal plasma cholinesterase activity?

Background: The duration of action of muscle relaxants is poorly correlated to the rate of decay of their plasma concentration. The plasma concentration of mivacurium may rapidly decrease below its active concentration because of the extensive hydrolysis of mivacurium. By inflating a tourniquet on one upper limb for 3 min after the administration of atracurium, mivacurium or vecuronium, we studied the influence of the initial decline of their plasma concentration on their effect. Methods: In 50 patients anaesthetised with thiopental, isoflurane and fentanyl, the effect of bolus doses of 0.15 or 0.25 mg . kg^?1 mivacurium (MIV 15, MIV 25), 0.3 or 0.5 mg . kg^?1 atracurium (ATR 30, ATR 50) and 0.06 or 0.1 mg . kg^?1 vecuronium (VEC 06, VEC 10) were measured on both arms (evoked response of the adductor pollicis to train-of-four stimulation every 12 s), a tourniquet being applied on one arm just before and during 3 min after the muscle relaxant bolus. Results: Tourniquet inflation of 3 min almost abolished the neuromuscular effect of mivacurium. In the vecuronium groups and in the ATR 50 group, tourniquet inflation did not modify the maximum degree of depression of the twitch response. Also, the duration of action of vecuronium was unaffected by the tourniquet. In the ATR 30 group, times to return of the twitch response to 25% (duration 25%) and 75% (duration 75%) of control response were significantly shorter in the cuffed arm, 23 min vs 27 min, and 41 min vs 45 min, respectively. In the ATR 50 group, only duration 25% was significantly shorter in the cuffed arm (41 min vs 45 min). Conclusion: The results suggest that the rate of decline of the plasma concentration of mivacurium is so rapid, that a very low and almost clinically ineffective concentration is present as soon as 3 min after its administration. The results also indicate that the recovery from a mivacurium-induced neuromuscular blockade is not influenced by the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with genotypically normal plasma cholinesterase.     

Membranes in Artificial Organs

Abstract: Membrane processes play a pivotal and enabling role in modern replacement therapy for acute and chronic organ failure and in the management of immunologic diseases. In fact, virtually all contemporary extracorporeal blood purification methods employ membrane devices, and the next generation of artificial organs and tissue engineering therapies are almost certain to be similarly grounded in membrane technology. In this short essay, we comment on the similarities and differences among synthetic membranes and their natural counterparts and also provide a critical overview of the demographics and technology of hemodialysis, hemofiltration, apheresis, oxygenation, and emerging membrane technologies and applications.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Dilemma of Membrane Biocompatibility and Reuse

Abstract: Numerous articles have been published on the multiple use of dialyzers and on the effect of different reprocessing chemicals and techniques on the dialyzer biocompatibility and performance. The results often appear contradictory, especially those comparing standard biocompatibility parameters. Despite this confusion, a discerning review of the published works allows certain limited conclusions to be drawn. Reprocessing of used hemodialyzers changes the biocompatibility profile of a dialyzer as defined by the parameters complement activation. leukopenia, and cytokine release. The effect of reprocessing depends on the chemicals and reprocessing technique applied and also on the type of membrane polymer being subjected to the reprocessing procedure. Reports of pyrogenic reactions indicate that the flux of the membrane also influences how suitable it is for safe reuse. An increased risk of allergic and pyrogenic reactions appears to be associated with dialyzer reuse. Furthermore, there has been a lack of investigations into the immunologic effect of the layer of adsorbed and chemically altered proteins that remains on the inner surface of reprocessed dialyzers. We conclude that the clinical benefit of dialyzer reuse cannot be generally accepted from a biocompatibility point of view.