保留淋巴管的腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术12例治疗体会

目的 探讨以亚甲蓝染色、保留精索淋巴管的腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术的可行性,并总结治疗经验及手术技巧.方法 回顾性分析2014年2月至2014年9月收治的12例精索静脉曲张患儿的临床资料.12例均为左侧,均以阴囊上方肿物就诊,其中10例伴有明显的阴囊坠胀感.所有患儿通过物理检查及B型超声确诊.其中Ⅱ级精索静脉曲张3例,Ⅲ级9例.B型超声检查表现为阴囊上方不规则血管团块,血管内径明显增宽,与对侧相比患侧睾丸体积均有不同程度缩小.手术年龄7～14岁,平均(11.42±1.78)岁.采用保留淋巴管的腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术,手术开始前通过阴囊穿刺在睾丸鞘膜与白膜之间注入亚甲蓝1 ml并轻柔按摩,使精索淋巴管染色.结果 11例患儿淋巴管成功显色并得以保留,10例患儿保留了睾丸动脉.术中出血量少,无1例中转开放手术.手术时间45～90 min,平均(58.33±12.12)min.所有患儿在术后第1天出院,除1例外,余者均无明显阴囊肿胀.随访5个月至1年,无一例发生鞘膜积液,无一例出现明显并发症.结论 通过在睾丸鞘膜囊内注射亚甲蓝能够使精索淋巴管染色,为手术中确切地保留淋巴管提供指引,而通过该方法保留淋巴管对减少术后鞘膜积液发生的意义尚需进一步随访明确.     

腹腔镜超选择精索静脉高位结扎术治疗青少年精索静脉曲张预后分析

目的探索腹腔镜辅助下超选择精索静脉高位结扎术对于青少年精索静脉曲张治疗的作用及优势。方法收集2019年6月至2020年12月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的33例(34侧)精索静脉曲张患儿的临床资料, 以Dubin分级、患儿自觉症状及超声诊断阳性为纳入标准;以亚临床型及继发性精索静脉曲张为排除标准。所有病例均接受由亚甲蓝辅助识别精索淋巴管, 由罂粟碱辅助识别精索动脉的腹腔镜下超选择精索静脉高位结扎术。术前及术后6个月进行性激素和精索静脉及睾丸超声检查, 对比术前术后睾丸容积及性激素水平的变化。利用SPSS 20.0软件进行对数据进行t检验或秩和检验。结果术前的性激素检查中发现随着精索静脉曲张分级升高, 卵泡刺激素(follicular stimulating hormone, FSH)水平逐渐升高, 黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone, LH)和睾酮(testosterone, TT)水平逐渐降低;术后6个月FSH明显回落, LH和TT水平则有不同程度的上升, 且各分级术后6个月性激素水平差异无统计意义。术前、术后以及各分级间睾丸容积均存在差异。术后超声复查未发现精索静脉曲张...     

腹腔镜精索血管高位集束结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张术后睾丸发育评估

目的总结和评估腹腔镜精索血管高位集束结扎术(Palomo术)治疗精索静脉曲张的疗效和术后睾丸发育情况。方法腹腔镜Palomo术治疗31例精索静脉曲张患儿,术前后B超测量患侧曲张静脉的最大直径及两侧睾丸大小,计算睾丸体积,以观察术后静脉恢复情况及术后睾丸体积变化;采用彩色Doppler评估两侧睾丸血液供应,比较术前后睾丸血运。结果腹腔镜Palomo术后1个月精索曲张静脉最大直径较术前明显减小(P<0.01);术后患侧睾丸血液供应无减少;患侧睾丸体积术后增长明显快于健侧(t=2.28 P<0.05),至术后6个月患侧睾丸体积与健侧相仿。结论腹腔镜Palomo术治疗精索静脉曲张安全,简便,患侧睾丸术后有一个补偿性生长过程,无睾丸萎缩和发育不良,手术效果满意。     

小儿精索静脉曲张的腹腔镜治疗及随访

目的探讨腹腔镜在小儿精索静脉曲张中的治疗作用，以及保留或切断睾丸动脉对睾丸功能的影响。方法采用腹腔镜技术对32例患儿行睾丸动、静脉高位结扎术。其中，26例保留睾丸动脉．6例切断睾丸动脉。结果术后1～3个月．29例阴囊内曲张的静脉团块完全消失。术后6个月时．24例患侧睾丸体积增加约20％～30％；15～24个月时，患侧睾丸发育程度与对侧相比，没有明显差异。所有患儿均未发生睾丸萎缩。结论应用腹腔镜技术行睾丸动、静脉结扎切断术，创伤小．并发症少。保留或切断睾丸动脉，对睾丸的发育没有明显影响．但其远期效果需进一步随访。     

转流术治疗小儿精索静脉曲张

目的 采用转流术治疗小儿精索静脉曲张，重新建立精索静脉通道，使静脉回流受阻立即得到改善，消除因睾丸淤血而造成的损害，以利睾丸的正常发育。方法 对28例30侧(左侧26例，双侧2例)精索静脉曲张与腹壁下静脉进行吻合，通过腹壁下静脉，髂静脉转流，手术在放大镜下应用显微外科技术进行，其中28侧用精索静脉主干，2侧结扎一条属支，用另一条静脉进行吻合。结果 通畅率为100％。术后扩张迂曲静脉团消失，阴囊下坠感消失。术后随访24例，时间为3个月-10年。除1例二次手术证实为一条静脉属支漏扎而复发外，另23例全部治愈。结论 精索静脉曲张转流术效果明显优于结扎术，可减少因睾丸淤血对其造成的进一步损害，且术后复发率低。     

两孔法腹腔镜下精索静脉高位结扎术治疗小儿精索静脉曲张

目的探讨两孔法腹腔镜下精索静脉高位结扎术治疗小儿精索静脉曲张的临床疗效和可行性。方法作者于2010年7月至2011年6月对16例精索静脉曲张患儿采取两孔法腹腔镜技术,实施精索静脉高位结扎术,观察患儿术中以及手术后疗效。结果16例患儿手术均获成功,无并发症,手术时间25～35min,术后住院3—5d,随访6～24个月,无一例复发。结论两孔法腹腔镜技术实施精索静脉高位结扎术创伤小,疗效满意,恢复快,美容效果好,值得临床推广。     

精索内静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张

目的采用精索内静脉高位结扎术治疗儿童精索静脉曲张。方法对1994年7月～2005年1月在本院收治的21例小儿精索静脉曲张,进行回顾性分析。结果本组共有21例,年龄8～16岁,平均11.8岁。其中Ⅱo9例,Ⅲo12例。左侧20例,右侧1例。均行精索内静脉高位结扎术,于内环处高位结扎精索内静脉。随访21例,2个月～11年。2例复发,复发率9.52%。所有患儿术后均无睾丸萎缩。结论精索内静脉高位结扎术是治疗儿童精索静脉曲张的理想方法。     

小儿非嵌顿性腹股沟斜疝对精索、睾丸影响的临床研究

目的：研究非嵌顿性腹股沟斜疝对精索、睾丸的影响。方法：阴囊外手法测定163例无嵌顿史、单侧腹股沟斜疝患儿睾丸体积,作为对照同时测定131例同年龄段正常儿双侧睾丸体积;患儿组有97例、对照组有82例,同时采用B超阴囊外测定。将采用不同方法测定的患儿睾丸体积分别进行统计学处理;同时将患儿组双侧睾丸体积差和对照组双侧睾丸体积差进行统计学处理。患儿组均手术治疗,术中观察精索静脉,术后3个月、6个月及6－12个月随访测定患睾体积的变化。结果：患儿组双侧睾丸体积有明显差异（P＜0．05）,患侧大于健侧;术后6个月内患睾与健睾仍存在较明显差异（P＜0．05）,术后6－12个月后双侧无明显差异（P＞0．05）。结论：非嵌顿性腹股沟斜疝对精索、睾丸的发育有不良影响,应重新认识腹股沟斜疝及其并发症。     

腹腔镜Palomo术式丝线结扎治疗精索静脉曲张17例

目的评价腹腔镜Palomo术式丝线结扎治疗儿童精索静脉曲张的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2009年1月-2011年2月在本院行腹腔镜Palomo术式治疗的17例精索静脉曲张患儿的临床资料。均为左侧单发精索静脉曲张,诊断依据查体及超声检查结果。术前行超声检查,静脉直径(3.03±0.69)mm,手术指征为有临床症状或重度(Ⅱ～Ⅲ度)精索静脉曲张,术式为腹腔镜Palomo术式。二氧化碳气腹压力1.33 kPa,置入3个Trocar。直视下于脐下置入第1个Trocar作为镜鞘,另2个置于左腹股沟区及耻骨联合上方。采用丝线双重结扎增粗的精索血管,间隔1.0～1.5 cm,双极电凝离断。结果手术均顺利完成。手术效果依据查体及术后超声检查结果综合评定。术后2 d复查彩超,患儿静脉直径明显缩小[(1.66±0.31)mm],睾丸血运良好。无手术并发症发生。术后2个月曲张的精索静脉均消失。随访无睾丸萎缩及鞘膜积液发生。结论腹腔镜下Palomo术式是治疗儿童精索静脉曲张安全有效的手术方法。     

156例小儿精索静脉曲张的临床分析

目的 探讨小儿精索静脉曲张的手术适应症.方法 回顾性分析湖北省妇幼保健院近7年来收治的156例精索静脉曲张患儿的临床资料.结果 156例中,28例行精索静脉高位结扎术,其中10例为首诊时仅轻或中度精索静脉曲张,无患侧坠胀疼痛或睾丸发育不良而未行手术,随诊1 ～ 5年症状加重遂行手术治疗;4例虽为重度精索静脉曲张、但无患...     

Allergic factors associated with the development of asthma and the influence of cetirizine in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial: First results of ETA®

There is a common progression known as the allergic march from atopic dermatitis to allergic asthma. Cetirizine has several antiallergic properties that suggest a potential effect on the development of airway inflammation and asthma in infants with atopic dermatitis. Methods. Over a two year period, 817 infants aged one to two years who suffered from atopic dermatitis and with a history of atopic disease in a parent or sibling were included in the ETAC^® (Early Treatment of the Atopic Child) trial, a multi-country, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The infants were treated for 18 months with either cetirizine (0.25mg/ kg b.i.d.) or placebo. The number of infants who developed asthma was compared between the two groups. Clinical and biological assessments including analysis of total and specific IgE antibodies were performed. Results. In the placebo group, the relative risk (RR) for developing asthma was elevated in patients with a raised level of total IgE (≥ 30 kU/I) or specific IgE (≥ 0.35 kUA/I) for grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander (RR between 1.4 and 1.7). Compared to placebo, cetirizine significantly reduced the incidence of asthma for patients sensitised to grass pollen (RR = 0.5) or to house dust mite (RR = 0.6). However, in the population that included all infants with normal and elevated total or specific IgE (intention-to-treat - ITT), there was no difference between the numbers of infants developing asthma while receiving cetirizine or placebo. The adverse events profile was similar in the two treatment groups. Discussion. Raised total IgE level and raised specific IgE levels to grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander were predictive of subsequent asthma. Cetirizine halved the number of patients developing asthma in the subgroups sensitised to grass pollen or house dust mite (i.e. 20% of the study population). In view of the proven safety of the drug, we propose this treatment as a primary pharmacological intervention strategy to prevent the development of asthma in specifically sensitised infants with atopic dermatitis.     

Resurgence of measles in Singapore: profile of hospital cases

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the profile of cases of measles seen at a general hospital during a recent outbreak that occurred despite a measles vaccination program. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study from January 1991 to March 1998. All patients with measles (ICD code 055. 9) seen at the emergency unit or as inpatients were included. RESULTS: There were 87 cases identified. The diagnosis was clinical in all and proven serologically in 71%. Eighty-five per cent of the cases occurred between January 1997 and March 1998. There was a bi-modal age distribution with peaks in the very young (相似文献   

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孤独症谱系障碍(autistic-spectrum disorders,ASDs)近年来患病率逐年攀升至1%左右,其症状往往伴随终生,成为严重威胁儿童健康和发展的神经发育性疾患;注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是儿童期最常见的精神障碍,国内报道患病率为4.13%～5.83%,其症状可延续至青少年期,甚至到成年期[1]。这两类精神障碍在成年期的临床表现、共患病、治疗策略和预后与儿童期有哪些不同呢?本文通过回顾相     

EXCITING NEW TREATMENT APPROACHES FOR PATHYPHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE

During the past several decades, our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of vasoocclusion associated with sickle cell disease has improved greatly. Interaction of genes, hemoglobin molecules, red cell membrane and metabolic changes, cell-cell interactions and cell-plasma interactions, red cell adhesion to vascular endothelium, activation of coagulation, and vascular reactivity play a role in vaso occlusion. Penicillin prophylaxis of pneumococcal infections and appropriate use of blood transfusions and other supportive measures improved survival of sickle cell patients. Hydroxyurea made a major impact on sickle cell therapy when it was shown to decrease acute painful episodes, acute chest syndrome, and the need for blood transfusion in adults. Significant experience in the use of hydroxyurea has been accumulated in older children. The benefits and risks of hydroxyurea for younger children and long-term risks in all patients will be evaluated in future investigations. Other promising therapies include butyrate compounds, clotrimazole, magnesium supplementation, poloxamer 188, antiadhesion agents, anticoagulant approaches, and nitric oxide. Hemopoietic transplantation remains the only curative therapy. However, several transgenic mouse models are available for studies of gene therapy or other treatment approaches on biochemical, cellular, and pathologic effects of mutant genes.     

Infiltrations of Epstein-Barr virus-carrying cells in granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders corresponding to chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection

A 21-year-old man with granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders (GLPD) associated with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is described. Chromosomal analyses revealed several clonal abnormalities and two of them were mainly repetitious. High copy numbers of monoclonal EBV genome were also detected in the proliferative large granular lymphocytes (LGLs), indicating the monoclonal expansion of EBV-infected LGLs. The patient had an indolent course for several years, and there was no evidence of infiltrations of his bone marrow until the end stage. At autopsy, microscopic studies revealed marked infiltrations of LGL in the liver and spleen, and the infiltrating cells were NK-cell immunophenotype. The infiltrated LGLs showed latency I.     

LUTEINIZING HORMONE RECEPTOR MUTATIONS IN DISORDERS OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT AND CANCER

Human male sexual development is regulated by chorionic gonadotropin (CG) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Aberrant sexual development caused by both activating and inactivating mutations of the human luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) have been described. All known activating mutations of the LHR are missense mutations caused by single base substitution. The most common activating mutation is the replacement of Asp-578 by Gly due to the substitution of A by G at nucleotide position 1733. All activating mutations are present in exon 11 which encodes the transmembrane domain of the receptor. Constitutive activity of the LHR causes LH releasing hormone-independent precocious puberty in boys and the autosomal dominant disorder familial male-limited precocious puberty (FMPP). Both germline and somatic activating mutations of the LHR have been found in patients with testicular tumors. Activating mutations have no effect on females. The molecular genetics of the inactivating mutations of the LHR are more variable and include single base substitution, partial gene deletion, and insertion. These mutations are not localized and are present in both the extracellular and transmembrane domain of the receptor. Inactivation of the LHR gives rise to the autosomal recessive disorder Leydig cell hypoplasia (LCH) and male hypogonadism or male pseudohermaphroditism. Severity of the clinical phenotype in LCH patients correlates with the amount of residual activity of the mutated receptor. Females are less affected by inactivating mutation of the LHR. Symptoms caused by homozygous inactivating mutation of the LHR include polycystic ovaries and primary amenorrhea.     

A profile of respiratory symptoms in urban and rural South Australian school children

This report describes the cross-sectional analyses of data from the first year of a longitudinal study using questionnaire and respiratory function data over a 5 year period from a sample of rural South Australian school children. The cumulative or lifetime prevalences of respiratory symptoms were estimated in 825 rural and 1261 urban school children aged between 5 and 15 years in order to determine if the prevalence rates differed between rural and urban school children. The study found the overall cumulative prevalence of asthma and/or wheezy breathing (AWB) to be 24.1% in the rural school children compared to 27.6% in the urban school children. Most children developed AWB symptoms before the age of 7 years, with 20% reporting moderately severe symptoms and 10% having more than one attack per fortnight. The cumulative prevalence of bronchitis, loose/rattly cough (BLRC) differed significantly between the rural school children (34.1%) and urban school children (47.9%). The BLRC symptoms preceded the development of AWB in many cases. Urban school children also reported a higher prevalence of atopic conditions.     

Personality profiles and heart rate variability (vagal tone) in children with recurrent abdominal pain

The aim of the study was to explore psychological factors and autonomic activity in children with recurrent abdominal pain and to compare them with those in a control group of healthy children. The Personality Inventory for Children was used for assessment of developmental, emotional and psychosocial factors in 25 children with recurrent abdominal pain (age, 7-15 y). Parasympathetic and sympathetic functions in these children and in 23 healthy control subjects (age, 7-13 y) were also investigated, non-invasively using a computerized polygraph. Vagal tone (parasympathetic function) was indexed by calculation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in beats/min. Skin conductance (sympathetic function) was recorded by the constant current method. On the Personality Inventory for Children, 16 patients had high scores on somatic concern. Several patients had scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal and anxiety, but the mean scores for these personality profile scales were well within the normal range of healthy children. Interestingly, there was a spike on the L (Lie)-scale for most of the patients and 15 patients had scores above or close to the clinical cut-off value. As compared with the scores in healthy children, vagal tone and sympathetic tone were normal. Conclusion: Many children with recurrent abdominal pain have scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal, anxiety and L-scale indicating coping problems, denial and a trend towards somatic concern that may contribute to the evolution of abdominal pain. Autonomic nerve activity was not disturbed in these children.     

Hauttemperaturen verschiedener Körperoberflächenareale des Rumpfes bei Säuglingen

Summary In two groups of infants (3–53 weeks old) skin temperatures were controlled in different areas of the trunk—i.e.: regions of sternum, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys—at different room-temperatures (group I: 21–25°C; group II: 29–32°C). Rectal temperatures of some probands in both groups also had been controlled simultaneously. A definite change in the reaction to heat was proofed in different periods of the first year of life. In higher environmental temperatures the skin temperature was almost constant at every controll-point of the skin, even in older infants. In lower environmental temperatures the skin temperatures lowered continuously with age till 7. to 9. moth. From 10. to 12. month the lowering of skin temperature discontinued. The rectal temperatures were relatively constant in all infants. Only in infants from 7. to 12. month, whose skin temperatures were controlled in lower as well as in higher environmental temperatures, a tendency to higher rectal temperatures was proofed in warmer environmental temperatures.The significance of these results is discussed.

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Untersuchungen mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.