VSD结合吻合血管蒂腓骨骨皮瓣移植治疗胫骨骨髓炎伴骨缺损的疗效观察

目的探讨负压封闭引流技术(VSD)结合吻合血管蒂腓骨骨皮瓣移植治疗胫骨骨髓炎伴骨缺损的临床疗效。方法回顾分析自2012-09—2014-09采用VSD结合吻合血管蒂腓骨骨皮瓣移植治疗12例胫骨骨髓炎伴骨缺损的临床资料。随访观察患者骨及软组织缺损愈合和功能恢复情况。结果 12例术后随访12~24个月,平均17个月。创面术后14 d均一期愈合,X线片示移植腓骨4~5个月愈合,12~18个月腓骨"胫骨化",患肢关节功能活动可,骨髓炎病灶消除,无复发。结论采用VSD结合吻合血管蒂腓骨骨皮瓣移植治疗胫骨骨髓炎伴骨缺损是一种有效的治疗方法。     

同侧带蒂腓骨转移治疗创伤性胫骨骨髓炎、骨缺损

目的应用同侧带蒂腓骨转移的方法治疗创伤性胫骨骨髓炎、骨缺损,并观察其疗效。方法采用同侧带蒂腓骨转移的方法治疗6例创伤性胫骨慢性骨髓炎、骨缺损的病例,男5例,女1例,年龄28~52岁,平均40岁,胫骨缺损范围为5~8 cm,平均6.1 cm,所有患者术前检查均显示患肢软组织及血管条件欠佳。结果患者均获随访,随访时间6~51个月,平均29.5个月。所有患者均达到骨愈合,愈合时间4~10个月,平均5个月。转移腓骨愈合后均明显增粗,接近胫骨水平。术后Enneking功能评分17~27分,平均22分。无骨髓炎复发及再骨折发生,没有患者出现关节僵硬、踝关节不稳等并发症,亦无神经损伤和内固定松动断裂发生。结论同侧带蒂腓骨转移治疗软组织和血管条件较差的胫骨骨缺损,是一种简单且效果良好的治疗方案。     

游离腓骨骨皮瓣加单臂外固定架治疗胫骨骨缺损

目的 探讨游离腓骨骨皮瓣治疗胫骨骨缺损的方法和临床疗效.方法 采用吻合血管的游腓骨骨皮瓣移植加单臂外固定架治疗12例因创伤、慢性骨髓炎导致的胫骨骨缺损患者.结果 患者腓骨骨皮瓣携带皮岛血运均良好,切口均一期愈合.12例均获随访,时间12~48个月.全部骨性愈合,患者恢复行走功能.结论 吻合血管的游离腓骨骨皮瓣移植加单臂外固定架治疗胫骨骨缺损临床疗效满意.     

带血管蒂腓骨骨皮瓣移植联合负压封闭引流治疗胫骨长段骨缺失的临床应用

目的观察带血管蒂腓骨骨皮瓣移植联合负压封闭引流对胫骨慢性骨髓炎伴骨缺失患者的临床疗效。方法慢性胫骨骨髓炎患者24例,一期手术彻底清除病灶,切除长段死骨,二期行对侧带血管蒂腓骨瓣移植修复胫骨缺损,后用负压封闭引流技术覆盖创面。结果术后24例患者均获得随访,随访时间为13~50个月,平均32.3个月。22例患者4周内窦道愈合,愈合率91.7%,不愈合的2例患者二次窦道清除后愈合。24例行骨皮瓣移植患者皮瓣全部存活,存活率为100%。X线片示24例移植腓骨均愈合,愈合率为100%,愈合时间4~7个月,平均4.9个月。按Enneking评价系统对患者进行术后功能评分,平均26分,平均恢复了肢体功能的86.7%。结论对胫骨慢性骨髓炎的患者行腓骨骨皮瓣移植联合负压封闭引流进行修复,不仅修复了骨缺损,恢复了肢体的连续性,同时应用的负压封闭引流技术能有效的控制感染,缩短了疗程,恢复了患侧肢体的功能。     

腓骨皮瓣移植修复四肢骨髓炎骨皮肤缺损

目的报道游离腓骨皮瓣修复骨髓炎所致的缺损的临床效果。方法采用吻合血管游离腓骨皮瓣修复18例骨髓炎所致的四肢骨干伴软组织同时缺损,骨缺损在8~20 cm,软组织缺损范围在5 cm×6 cm~8 cm×22 cm。结果移植组织全部成活;随访6~48个月,骨愈合率100%。皮瓣弹性、色泽良好。修复肢体功能良好。结论该手术使组合移植减少一对血管吻合口,是修复骨髓炎所致骨组织缺损的理想方法。     

腓动脉骨皮瓣治疗小腿中下段开放伤伴胫骨及软组织缺损

目的探讨应用对侧游离腓动脉骨皮瓣移植治疗大段胫骨及胫前软组织坏死缺损的疗效。方法对因创伤所致大段胫骨及胫前软组织坏死的11例患者,清除坏死骨质及软组织后,行吻合血管的腓动脉骨皮瓣移植重建,包括一例非全周径(外侧2/3周径)的腓动脉骨皮瓣移植。结果结果经6~24个月随访,移植腓骨及皮瓣全部成活,胫骨严重粉碎性骨折均获骨性愈合,无一例截肢,无一例出现慢性骨髓炎,下肢外形及功能恢复满意。结论胫骨大段骨缺损,同时合并软组织缺损的病人,给予对侧带血管蒂的腓骨骨皮瓣移植,仍不失为一种可靠方法。     

混合式外固定架与带血管蒂游离腓骨移植治疗创伤性股骨大段骨缺损

目的探讨混合式外固定架与带血管蒂游离腓骨移植治疗创伤性股骨大段骨缺损的疗效。方法应用混合式外固定架与带血管蒂游离腓骨移植治疗创伤性股骨大段骨缺损7例。结果 7例术后随访10~56个月,移植腓骨均存活,并获得良好的骨性愈合,术后平均10个月可负重行走。结论混合式外固定架与带血管蒂游离腓骨移植是一种治疗创伤性股骨大段骨缺损的理想术式。     

带血管蒂腓骨移植加锁定钢板内固定术治疗肱骨术后大段骨缺损

目的探讨带血管蒂腓骨移植加锁定钢板内固定术治疗肱骨干术后大段骨缺损的疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年1月~2014年1月间在我院采用带血管蒂腓骨移植加锁定钢板内固定术治疗肱骨术后大段骨缺损7例患者的临床资料。骨缺损长度平均8.8(6~10)cm。结果本组患者术后随访6~24个月,带皮瓣腓骨移植者皮瓣全部成活。X线片示移植腓骨无吸收、硬化及破坏等征象,骨折线模糊消失,骨端骨性愈合,愈合时间平均4.1(2~6)个月。3例移植腓骨已较前增粗。术后6个月肩关节Neer评分及肘关节Mayo评分均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论带血管蒂腓骨移植加锁定钢板内固定术治疗肱骨术后大段骨缺损,可达到良好临床效果,但该术式要求术者有较高的手术技巧,同时牺牲一侧腓骨,因此仍需要积累更多的病例及进行更长期的随访以观察远期效果。     

带血管蒂游离腓骨骨皮瓣联合外固定架治疗胫骨复合组织缺损

目的 研究采用健侧带血管蒂游离腓骨骨皮瓣联合外固定架治疗创伤致胫骨复合组织缺损的手术方法及疗效。方法 回顾性分析自2017-07—2021-07采用带血管蒂游离腓骨骨皮瓣联合外固定架治疗的12例胫骨粉碎性骨折合并骨缺损患者,均为GustiloⅢ型开放性骨折,经彻底清创、去除坏死骨与采用外固定架固定后,二期采用健侧带血管蒂游离腓骨骨皮瓣治疗创伤后患侧胫骨大段复合组织缺损。按照下肢力线将带血管蒂游离腓骨骨皮瓣远近端插入胫骨髓腔,在远近端置入螺钉或内固定物固定。结果 12例均获得随访,随访时间12～24个月,平均16.1个月。皮瓣全部存活,术后3.0～3.5个月出现骨痂,术后10个月移植腓骨大部愈合,腓骨完全胫骨化为术后12～16个月。随访期间所有患者腓骨完全胫骨化,未发现移植腓骨骨折。2例皮瓣出现静脉危象,行急诊手术取出血管内血栓后存活。1例皮瓣周围组织出现少量坏死,取腹部皮肤组织二期植皮后存活。末次随访时4例参照Enneking肢体功能评定系统,功能评价平均28分,其中肢体术后平均功能恢复程度为97%,外形满意、负重及行走均无明显影响;5例为术后18～24个月取出钢板内固定或克氏针内固定...     

带蒂游离腓骨骨皮瓣治疗创伤后胫骨大段缺损并胫前皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨采用健侧带蒂游离腓骨骨皮瓣修复创伤后胫骨大段缺损并胫前皮肤软组织缺损的方法及疗效。方法自2007-05—2013-03采用彻底清创、清除死骨后一期健侧带蒂游离腓骨骨皮瓣治疗创伤后胫骨大段骨缺损并胫前皮肤缺损14例。结果术后14例均获得9~16个月随访,术后伤口18~25 d愈合拆线,皮瓣全部存活,X线示移植腓骨均愈合。术后3个月开始出现明显骨痂形成,完全愈合时间平均7.2(6~10)个月,移植腓骨增粗完全胫骨化平均14.6(12~16)个月。其中3例在术后9个月时行X线复查发现移植腓骨中段出现骨折,周围已有大量骨痂形成,未行外固定及局部制动。6例术后11~15个月取出克氏针内固定。术后9个月按Enneking评价系统,肢体术后功能恢复平均为正常功能的87%,6例克氏针内固定取出术后1个月肢体功能恢复平均为正常功能的96%。结论使用带蒂游离腓骨骨皮瓣能一次性修复创伤后胫骨大段缺损并胫前皮肤软组织缺损,可以明显减少手术次数并缩短愈合时间,肢体功能恢复满意。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.