腹腔镜和开放手术膀胱癌根治术疗效比较的Meta分析

目的利用Meta分析的方法,评价腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术(LRC)与开放性膀胱癌根治术(ORC)两种手术方式治疗浸润性膀胱癌的疗效。方法选取发表于中国核心期刊及PubMed上的1990~2012年的文献,对比LRC与ORC两种术式治疗浸润性膀胱癌的临床对照试验,并应用Meta分析评价手术所需时间、手术过程中出血量、手术过程中输血情况、术后胃肠道恢复情况、术后患者住院时间、术后并发症、切缘阳性率、膀胱容量、膀胱内压、残余尿等相关指标。结果本篇Meta分析6篇临床同期对照试验。共纳入了597例患者,其中行LRC 336例患者,行ORC 261例患者。LRC手术所需时间(WMD34.87min,95%CI25.94~43.79min,P0.000 01)长于开放手术,而LRC手术过程中出血量(WMD-506.61mL,95%CI-571.13~-442.09mL,P0.000 01)、术中输血几率(OR0.20,95%CI0.11~0.38,P0.000 01)均小于ORC,术后胃肠道恢复时间(WMD-2.12d,95%CI-2.20~-2.03d,P0.000 01)、术后患者住院时间(WMD-4.99d,95%CI-5.79~-4.19d,P0.000 01)、术后并发症发生率(OR0.30,95%CI0.18~0.48,P0.000 01)均少于ORC。LRC术后手术切缘阳性率、新膀胱的膀胱容量、膀胱内压、残余尿与ORC组均无统计学差异。结论对于浸润性膀胱癌,LRC的手术时间长于ORC,但在减少术中出血量、缩短术后肠道功能恢复时间及术后住院时间、降低并发症发生率方面更优越。而腹腔镜与ORC的手术切缘阳性率及新膀胱功能相似。     

腹腔镜和开放手术膀胱癌根治术疗效比较的Meta分析简

目的 利用Meta分析的方法,评价腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术（LRC）与开放性膀胱癌根治术（ORC）两种手术方式治疗浸润性膀胱癌的疗效。 方法 选取发表于中国核心期刊及PubMed上的1990-2012年的文献,对比LRC与ORC两种术式治疗浸润性膀胱癌的临床对照试验,并应用Meta分析评价手术所需时间、手术过程中出血量、手术过程中输血情况、术后胃肠道恢复情况、术后患者住院时间、术后并发症、切缘阳性率、膀胱容量、膀胱内压、残余尿等相关指标。结果 本篇Meta分析6篇临床同期对照试验。共纳入了597例患者,其中行LRC 336例患者,行ORC 261例患者。LRC手术所需时间（WMD 34.87 min,95%CI 25.94～43.79 min,P＜0.000 01）长于开放手术,而LRC手术过程中出血量（WMD -506.61 mL,95%CI-571.13～-442.09 mL,P＜0.000 01）、术中输血几率（OR 0.20,95% CI 0.11～0.38,P＜0.000 01）均小于ORC,术后胃肠道恢复时间（WMD -2.12 d,95% CI-2.20～ -2.03 d,P＜0.000 01）、术后患者住院时间（WMD -4.99 d,95% CI-5.79～-4.19 d,P＜0.000 01）、术后并发症发生率（OR 0.30,95% CI 0.18～0.48,P＜0.000 01）均少于ORC。LRC术后手术切缘阳性率、新膀胱的膀胱容量、膀胱内压、残余尿与ORC组均无统计学差异。 结论 对于浸润性膀胱癌,LRC的手术时间长于ORC,但在减少术中出血量、缩短术后肠道功能恢复时间及术后住院时间、降低并发症发生率方面更优越。而腹腔镜与ORC的手术切缘阳性率及新膀胱功能相似。     

腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除与开放手术的近期疗效比较

目的:比较腹腔镜与开放根治性膀胱切除术的近期疗效。方法:回顾性分析我院2013年10月~2015年11月施行的87例根治性膀胱切除术的患者临床资料,其中腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术组(LRC组)48例,开放根治性膀胱切除术组(ORC组)39例,对比分析两组的围手术期及预后情况。结果:LRC组术中出血量、术后排气时间、拔除引流管时间、术后疼痛评分、术后住院时间均低于ORC组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),但手术时间两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组术后感染、出血、输尿管狭窄、淋巴漏、尿瘘及复发发生率的差异也无统计学意义(P0.05),但LRC组术后肠梗阻发生率低于ORC组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除治疗浸润性膀胱癌是安全可行的,且较开腹手术具有一定优势,近期疗效肯定。     

不同术式下膀胱全切-回肠原位新膀胱术围术期指标比较的Meta分析

目的 评价腹腔镜(laparoscopic radical cystectomy,LRC)与开放式(open radical cystectomy,ORC)膀胱全切-回肠原位新膀胱术的围术期指标的差异.方法 搜索中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据资源系统、维普数据库(VIP)、Pubmed数据库、爱思唯尔ScienceDirect数据库、Cochrane Library,收集国内外已公开发表的有关腹腔镜与开放式膀胱全切-回肠原位新膀胱术围术期指标比较的临床对照试验,根据纳入与排除标准选取纳入文献,提取相关数据,进行文献质量评价后,采用RevMan 5.2软件进行数据分析.结果 共纳入13篇文献,817例样本.其中ORC组382例,LRC组435例.Meta分析结果显示,ORC组与LRC组在术中出血量、术后住院时间、并发症发生率、术后肠道功能恢复等方面比较的差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);LRC组手术时间长于ORC组(P＜0.05).结论 与开放手术相比,腹腔镜手术能减少术中出血量,促进肠道功能恢复,缩短术后住院时间,降低并发症发生率,值得临床推广应用.     

腹腔镜与开放根治性膀胱全切-回肠原位新膀胱术的疗效对比

目的 比较开放及腹腔镜根治性膀胱全切-回肠原位新膀胱术的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析我院自2010年9月至2014年3月行开放(ORC)及腹腔镜(LRC)根治性膀胱全切-回肠原位新膀胱术患者的资料,其中ORC组13例,LRC组21例。对两组患者的术前基本资料、围术期数据、术后并发症情况、术后控尿情况及肿瘤学随访数据进行对比分析。结果 LRC组较ORC组具有术中出血量少(P=0.013)、术后恢复进食时间短(P=0.001)、住院时间短(P=0.005)的特点。两组在术后并发症发生率方面无明显差异(P=0.725)。所有患者术后切缘均为阴性,两组患者在淋巴结清扫个数(P=0.393)以及淋巴结阳性率(P=0.562)方面无统计学差。中位随访时间28.5个月(8~47个月)。在术后1年内,LRC组与ORC组在日间控尿率(88.2%vs.84.6%,P=0.773)及夜间控尿率(70.6%vs.76.9%,P=0.697)无明显差异。在随访过程中,4例患者发生肿瘤复发或转移,其中盆腔复发2例,脑转移1例,肺转移1例。3例患者死亡。LRC组与ORC组在肿瘤特异性生存率及无复发生存率上无统计学差异(P均>0.05)。结论 与开放手术相比,腹腔镜根治性膀胱全切-回肠原位新膀胱术具有术中出血少、术后恢复快的特点,其术后控尿功能及肿瘤学结果与开放手术疗效相当,因此应作为首选手术方案。     

比较腹腔镜与开放根治性膀胱切除术治疗膀胱癌的效果

目的分析比较腹腔镜与开放根治性膀胱切除术治疗膀胱癌的效果。方法选取信阳市中心医院2016-03—2018-05间行根治性膀胱切除术的88例膀胱癌患者。观察组46例采用腹腔镜手术,对照组42例采用开放手术。术后随访6~12个月,比较2组的疗效。结果观察组手术时间长于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的失血量、输血量及术后下床活动时间、肠道功能恢复时间、并发症发生率和住院时间均优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论与开放根治性膀胱切除术比较,腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术治疗膀胱癌,微创性好、肠道功能恢复快、效果更为理想。     

腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术的疗效分析及对细胞因子的影响

目的:分析腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术治疗膀胱癌的临床疗效及对细胞因子的影响。方法:选取2015年3月至2017年12月收治的64例膀胱癌患者,分为对照组(行开腹膀胱癌根治术)与观察组(行腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术),分析两组治疗效果。结果:观察组手术时间、淋巴结清扫时间、住院时间、术中总出血量、淋巴结清扫出血量优于对照组,淋巴结清扫数量两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后第3天,观察组干扰素-γ水平高于对照组,前列腺素E_2水平低于对照组,两组恶性肿瘤特异性生长因子、血管内皮生长因子、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组并发症发生率为12.50%,对照组为34.38%,观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术治疗膀胱癌术中出血量少,对血清干扰素-γ、前列腺素E_2水平影响较小,且术后并发症少,安全性较高。     

根治性膀胱切除中回肠原位新膀胱术与回肠膀胱术治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌效果比较

目的比较根治性膀胱切除中回肠原位新膀胱术与回肠膀胱术治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌的效果。方法选取2015-01—2018-07间在郑州大学第一附属医院接受根治性膀胱切除术的100例肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者。按照不同代膀胱术式分为2组,原位新膀胱术组患者55例,回肠膀胱术组45例。比较2组的治疗效果。结果回肠原位新膀胱术组的术中出血量及术后恢复排便时间、胃管保留时间、并发症总发生率、住院时间均低于回肠膀胱术组,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。术前2组患者的最大尿流率、膀胱容积、充盈期膀胱压力、最大尿道压、残余尿量差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。2组术后上述尿流动力学指标均较术前降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。回肠原位新膀胱组术后生活质量评分高于回肠膀胱术组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论根治性膀胱切除中回肠原位新膀胱术与回肠膀胱术治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌,均有良好效果。但前者术后胃肠道功能恢复较快,并发症总发生率较低,生活质量较高。可作为治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌的首选术式。     

直线切割闭合器在腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术肠道吻合中的应用

目的探讨直线切割闭合器在腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术肠道吻合中的临床应用价值。方法对56例膀胱癌患者施行腹腔镜根治性全膀胱切除术,其中31例行传统手工肠道端端吻合,25例使用直线切割闭合器行肠道侧侧吻合。比较两组的肠吻合时间、手术时间、术中失血量、术后进食时间及术后肠梗阻发生率。结果与传统手工吻合组相比,直线切割闭合器吻合组肠吻合时间短(10.2±1.6minvs28.1±5.3min,P0.05),术后进食时间早(3.0±0.8dvs4.3±1.4d,P0.05),总体手术时间、术中出血量、肠梗阻发生率无明显差异(P0.05)。结论在腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术中使用直线切割闭合器操作简便、可明显缩短肠吻合时间和术后禁食时间,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜下膀胱癌根治术中膀胱切除前后标准淋巴结清扫效果比较

目的观察在腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术中膀胱切除前后进行标准盆腔淋巴结清扫术(PLND)两种手术方案的相关临床指标变化。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年5月长海医院接受腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术加标准淋巴结清扫的63例肌层浸润性膀胱癌(MIBC)患者的临床资料,其中男性54例,女性9例;年龄41~85岁,平均(66±9)岁。由2位不同的主刀医生分别实施先清扫淋巴结组(A组)和后清扫淋巴结组(B组)。统计术中及术后的相关临床指标,结果用t检验、非参数检验和卡方分析进行统计分析。结果两组的年龄、体质指数和肿瘤分期等术前基线指标无统计学差异。A、B组清扫淋巴结总数分别为11.3±5.8和13.6±5.1(P>0.05),阳性淋巴结检出率分别为15.6%(5/32)和22.6%(7/31,P>0.05),并发症发生率分别为9.4%(3/32)和3.2%(1/31,P>0.05);术中出血量和手术前后血红蛋白、白蛋白以及肌酐变化值等无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论腹腔镜下膀胱癌根治术在膀胱切除前后行标准PLND在淋巴结清扫数量、术后临床指标变化方面两组无显著性差异,两种手术方式在熟练掌握手术技巧后均安全、有效。     

后腹腔镜下与开放式两种肾癌根治术的疗效比较

目的：比较后腹腔镜肾癌根治术和开放肾癌根治术的治疗效果。方法：行后腹腔镜肾癌根治术32例，开放肾癌根治术20例，比较两种方法的手术时间、出血量、住院时间、手术效果的差别。结果：后腹腔镜手术时间为50～240min，平均120min，全部手术顺利，出血50～70ml，平均60ml，均未输血，平均住院7d；开放手术时间为120～360min，平均200min，出血100～300m1．平均200ml，均未输血，平均住院10d。结论：后腹腔镜肾癌根治术同开放肾癌根治术相比，出血少，恢复快，但手术效果相当。因此，后腹腔镜肾癌根治术是今后的发展方向。     

Comparison of postoperative complications following radical and modified radical mastectomy

A retrospective study was carried out by reviewing the files of 100 patients who had undergone radical mastectomy and 100 patients who had undergone modified radical mastectomy from 1966 to 1975 for the purpose of comparing early and late complications. In each group, 80 patients were involved in long-term follow-up. Immediate postoperative complications—notably seromas, wound infection, and flap necrosis—were found to be considerably fewer following modified radical mastectomy. There was also a significantly lower incidence of late complications, such as limb edema and recurrent infection, after modified radical mastectomy. Since the cure rates achieved by the two radical mastectomy procedures appear to be similar, it is concluded that modified radical mastectomy is the procedure of choice in stages I and II cancer of the breast.

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Résumé Nous avons relevé les dossiers de 100 patientes traitées par mammectomie radicale conventionelle et de 100 patientes traitées par mammectomie radicale modifiée et avons comparé les complications post-opératoires observées dans les 2 groupes. Toutes les patientes furent opérées entre 1966 et 1975. Dans chaque groupe, nous avions un recul suffisant chez 80 patientes pour évaluer les résultats à long terme. Les complications post-opératoires, immédiates (sérÔmes, infections de plaie, nécrose de greffe cutanée) ou tardives (lymphoedème du bras, infections à répétition), furent beaucoup plus rares après mammectomie radicale modifiée. Etant donné que les taux de guérison obtenus avec ces 2 opérations semblent Être les mÊmes, nous en concluons que la mammectomie radicale modifiée est l'opération de choix pour traiter les cancers du sein au stade I et II.

     

Robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy after aborted retropubic radical prostatectomy

Robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) has surged in popularity since US Food and Drug Administration approval in 2000. Advantages include improved visualization and increased instrument dexterity within the pelvis. Obesity and narrow pelves have been associated with increased difficulty during open retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP), but the robotic platform theoretically allows one to perform a radical prostatectomy despite these challenges. We present an example of a RALP performed following an aborted RRP. A 49-year-old male with intermediate risk prostate cancer and body mass index of 38 kg/m² presented for RALP after RRP was aborted by an experienced open surgeon following incision of the endopelvic fascia due to poor visualization, a prominent pubic tubercle, and a narrow pelvis. The enhanced visualization and precision of the robotic platform allowed adequate exposure of the prostate and allowed us to proceed with an uncomplicated prostatectomy, which was not possible to perform easily via an open approach. The bladder was densely adherent to the pubis and the anterior prostatic contour and apex were difficult to develop due to a dense fibrotic reaction from the previous endopelvic fascia incision. However, we were able to successfully complete RALP with subtle technical modifications. Estimated blood loss was 160 mL and operating time was 145 min. The patient’s pathology was significant for a positive peri-prostatic lymph node and he has been referred to radiation oncology for adjuvant radiotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy. At 3 months follow-up he had a prostate-specific antigen level of 0.06 ng/mL, partial erections, and mild urinary incontinence requiring one pad per day. Superior intracorporeal laparoscopic visualization and improved instrument dexterity afforded by the robotic surgical platform may make RALP the preferred approach in obese men or men with difficult pelvic anatomy who are deemed poor RRP candidates.     

Costs of radical cystectomy

OBJECTIVE: The total costs of radical cystectomy comprise a significant part of the total costs of bladder cancer treatment. The aims of this study were to determine the costs of cystectomy, with and without complications, and to investigate related prognostic factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The clinical records and relevant economic files of 70 consecutive patients operated on between 1994 and 1998 were studied. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed on 22 variables of possible prognostic significance to high total costs. RESULTS: The total (median) costs for 53 uncomplicated and 17 complicated cystectomies were 181,096 and 290,625 SEK, respectively. The preoperative variables (patient characteristics) had no or minimal prognostic significance for high total costs. High peri-operative blood loss was the most important factor associated with high total hospital costs for radical cystectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Total costs may be very high for a cystectomy with complications. Peri-operative blood loss was the most important factor associated with high total hospital costs for radical cystectomy due to bladder cancer. If the amount of bleeding can be influenced then substantial reductions in the total costs of cystectomy would seem possible.     

Complications of radical prostatectomy

Between 1969 and 1984 a radical prostatectomy was performed in 175 patients for localized carcinoma of the prostate. This corresponds to a percentage of 18,2% of 962 patients with cancer of the prostate admitted to this hospital during the same period of time. The intra- and postoperative complications following radical prostatectomy in this series of 175 patients are analyzed. In 144 patients a retropubic prostatectomy was performed, whereas in 31 patients the perineal approach was utilized. There was a mortality rate of 1.1% (2 patients). Rectal injuries in 7 patients and ureteral transsection in 2 patients accounted for intraoperative complications. In the early postoperative period non-fatal pulmonary embolism occurred in 4 and myocardial infarction in 3 patients. In 3 cases (1,7%) a transitory hemodialysis became necessary because of renal insufficiency. Lymphoceles had to be treated in 22 patients (12,6%) and hematomas in 9 patients (5,1%). Persistent total urinary incontinence was observed in 8 patients (5%) and stress incontinence of varying degree in 25% of cases. The causes of these complications are analyzed and possible ways of preventing and treating them are discussed.