经尿道电汽化切除治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤46例临床分析

目的:探讨经尿道电汽化切除治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤的疗效。方法:对46例浅表性膀胱肿瘤患者行经尿道电汽人切除术(TVBt),其中6例合并良性前列腺增生症(BPH)同时进行经尿道前列腺电汽化切除手术(TVP)。结果:46例膀胱肿瘤均一次切除,1例术中膀胱穿孔,术后留至尿管平均24h,平均手术时间TVBt为25min,TVBt+TVP为76min,均未输血,术后36例均随访24个月,复发11例(14％),均为异位复。结论:TVBt具有操作简便,汽化深度可靠,止血效果好,损伤小,术后并发症少等优点。     

经尿道膀胱肿瘤电汽化术治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤的临床观察

目的探讨经尿道膀胱肿瘤电汽化术(transurethral vaporization of bladder tumors ,TVBt)治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤的效果. 方法对46例浅表性膀胱肿瘤行TVBt,其中3例合并良性前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)同时行经尿道前列腺电汽化术(transurethral vaporization of prostate,TUVP),术后常规丝裂霉素及塞替派交替膀胱灌注. 结果 44例1 次切除,2例多发性肿瘤分2次切除.平均手术时间TVBt为35 min,TVBt联合TUVP为90 min.2例术中膀胱穿孔.全组无输血.46例均获随访24个月,复发10例(21.7%). 结论 TVBt具有操作简单,出血少,恢复快,汽化深度可靠,膀胱穿孔少及术后并发症低等优点.     

经尿道电气化术治疗浅表性膀胱癌的疗效观察

目的：观察经尿道膀胱肿瘤电气化术（TVBt)治疗浅表性膀胱移行细胞癌（TCC）的治疗效果。方法：对62例浅表性膀胱癌患者行TVBt术，其中6例并发良性前列腺增生（BPH）者同时行经尿道前列腺电气化术（TVP），术后常规行丝裂霉膀胱灌注。结果：60例膀胱肿瘤1例切除，2例多发性膀胱肿瘤分两次切除。平均手术时间TVBt为31min，TVBt加TVP为82min。1例术中膀胱穿孔，全组无输血，术后平均留置尿管，48h。60例均随访24个月。复发14例（22%）。结论：TVBt具有操作简单，出血少，恢复快，术后并发症低等优点。     

经尿道表浅膀胱癌汽化电切加电切术的临床应用

目的 探讨经尿道膀胱肿瘤汽化电切术（TVBt）加电切术（TURt）治疗表浅膀胱癌（SBC）的疗效。方法 对52例表浅膀胱癌患者行TVBt＋TURBt术，其中8例合并前列腺增生症（BPH）者同时行经尿道前列腺电汽化术（TVP）。结果 本组52例膀胱肿瘤一次切除。平均手术时间TVBt＋TURBt为30min；TVBt＋TRBt＋TVP为90min。无输血。术后随访0．5-5．0年，肿瘤复发13例。结论TVBt＋TURBt具有操作简便、止血效果好、汽化深度可靠、术后并发症及复发率低、恢复快等优点，是治疗SBC的首选方法。     

经尿道汽化电切术治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤的临床观察（附120例报告）

目的探讨经尿道汽化电切术治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤的手术方法和I临床疗效。方珐应用铲状汽化切割电极和滚状汽化电极对120例膀胱肿瘤患者进行汽化电切术（transurethralvaporizationofbladdertumor，TUVBt）及对膀胱黏膜进行次全汽化。对其中19例合并良性前列腺增生症（benignprostatiohyperplasia，BPH）者同期行经尿道前列腺汽化电切术（transurethralvaporizationoftheprostate，TUVP）。结杲120例均一次切除肿瘤。手术时间：单纯TUVBt者平均26min，同时行TUVP者平均50min。术中无大出血发生，膀胱穿孔致冲洗液外渗3例；93例获得随访，随访时间7—60个月，共15例复发，复发率16.13％。结论TUVBt操作简单、切割深度易掌握、手术创伤小、并发症少、疗效确切，同时行膀胱黏膜次全汽化，可能进一步降低肿瘤复发率。     

超脉冲等离子二步法治疗侧壁浅表性膀胱肿瘤

目的：探讨经尿道超脉冲等离子电切加气化相结合二步法切除侧壁浅表性膀胱肿瘤的安全性和有效性。方法：采用英国Gyrus公司第三代超脉冲等离子电切气化系统行经尿道超脉冲等离子电切加气化相结合二步法切除侧壁浅表性膀胱肿瘤（PKRVBt）78例。男51例,女27例,平均年龄55．7（34～72）岁。膀胱肿瘤单发42例,多发36例,膀胱肿瘤侧壁有分布者78例。术前均予膀胱镜检查活检病理证实为移行细胞癌,G1期17例．G2期61例,CT检查均为浅表性膀胱肿瘤。结果：经尿道超脉冲等离子电切加汽化相结合切除侧壁浅表性膀胱肿瘤（PKRVBt）手术时间16～65min,平均（36±14）min,术中术后无明显出血。78例侧壁膀胱肿瘤切除时,早期2例发生闭孔神经反射后伴腹膜外型的膀胱壁穿孔,无电切综合症,无严重出血发生。随访12个月,9例复发并再行PKRVBt。结论：经尿道超脉冲等离子电切加气化相结合二步法切除侧壁浅表性膀胱肿瘤的方法。可有效避免闭孔神经反射、膀胱穿孔、严重出血等并发症的发生,是一种安全、有效的手术方式。     

经尿道电汽化术治疗膀胱癌合并前列腺增生症24例

目的探讨膀胱癌合并前列腺增生症同期行经尿道膀胱肿瘤及前列腺电汽化术的可行性及疗效. 方法对24例膀胱癌合并前列腺增生症采用汽化电切镜或等离子体双极内镜切割系统,切除膀胱癌瘤体及蒂部,直至膀胱肌纤维,对肿瘤基底周围1.0～2.0 cm的膀胱黏膜电灼.自膀胱口至精阜切除前列腺包膜内增生腺体.术后常规丝裂霉素或卡介苗 白介素 -2膀胱内灌注. 结果手术时间40～130 min,平均65 min.无膀胱穿孔和电切综合征发生.24例随访3～40个月,平均10个月,2例膀胱癌复发,均为异位复发,再次行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电汽化术,各随访6个月无复发.无前列腺窝种植转移. 结论对膀胱癌合并前列腺增生症患者同期行经尿道膀胱肿瘤及前列腺电汽化术可行,疗效可靠.     

经尿道汽化电切术治疗浅表性膀胱癌25例

目的探讨经尿道汽化电切术治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤的疗效。方法对25例浅表性膀胱癌患者行经尿道汽化电切术治疗。结果23例膀胱肿瘤1次切除,2例较大的多发性膀胱肿瘤分2次切除,随访1-24个月,肿瘤复发6例。结论经尿道汽化电切术治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤具有手术简单、损伤小、出血少、恢复快、疗效好等优点。     

经尿道膀胱肿瘤电汽化术24例报告

目的总结经尿道膀胱肿瘤电汽化术(TVBt)治疗膀胱移行细胞癌的技巧及治疗效果。方法对24例膀胱癌患者行TVBt术,手术前后行丝裂霉素常规膀胱灌注。结果22例浅表膀胱癌一次切除,2例浸润性膀胱癌分两次切除。平均时间40 min,术后平均留置尿管60 h。平均随访24个月,复发5例(21%)。结论TVBt具有操作简单易掌握,多次手术方便,无手术种植,恢复快,可改善部分晚期病人的生活质量等优点。     

同期经尿道切除膀胱肿瘤和前列腺的安全性和疗效观察（附16例报告）

目的：探讨同期经尿道切除膀胱肿瘤和前列腺治疗表浅性膀胱癌合并良性前列腺增生症的手术安全性和临床疗效.方法：16例表浅性膀胱癌合并良性前列腺增生症患者,先行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术（TURBT）切除膀胱肿瘤后同期行经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）切除前列腺.结果：患者均顺利完成手术,无膀胱穿孔和电切综合征发生,术后随访6～36个月,平均22个月,6例发生膀胱肿瘤复发,平均复发时间14个月,复发部位均不在膀胱颈口和前列腺尿道,全部再次行TURBT.结论：同期经尿道切除膀胱肿瘤和前列腺治疗表浅性膀胱癌合并良性前列腺增生症手术安全、短期疗效确切,可适用于一部分年龄较大伴有严重的下尿路梗阻的且肿瘤分期、分级低的表浅性膀胱肿瘤患者.     

经尿道MMC膀胱粘膜下注射加TVBt治疗浅表性膀胱癌疗效观察

目的：探讨经尿道丝裂霉素C（MMC）膀胱粘膜下注射并行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电气化术（TVBt)治疗浅表性膀胱癌的疗效。方法：自制经尿道膀胱注射针注射MMC并行TVBt治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤患者30例，术后留置尿管48h。结果：随访24个月。复发4例（13.3%)。结论：经尿道MMC粘膜下注射并行TVBt具有操作简便，止血彻底，复发率低等优点。     

经尿道电汽化术治疗中晚期前列腺癌

目的探讨经尿道前列腺电汽化术(TVP)治疗中晚期前列腺癌(Pca)所致膀胱出口梗阻的安全性、有效性和并发症。方法应用TVP治疗40例中晚期Pca所致膀胱出口梗阻患者,其中35例同时行双侧睾丸切除术。结果术前平均Qmax5．6ml／sec,25例尿潴留。平均手术时间：单纯TVP为55分钟,TVP 双侧睾丸切除术为135分钟。未发生术中大出血和TURS。术后平均随访24个月,2例死亡,余38例均排尿通畅,平均Qmax为17．8ml／sec,2例后尿道狭窄经尿道扩张治愈,无尿失禁。结论TVP能迅速、有效、安全地解除Pca引起的膀胱出口梗阻。     

经尿道前列腺电切术和汽化电切术并发症48例分析

目的分析经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）与经尿道前列腺汽化电切术（TVP）术中、术后常见并发症的原因、预防及治疗,提高手术安全性和有效性。方法回顾分析1999年5月-2006年6月本院TURP和TVP术48例並发症患者的临床资料。结果平均手术时间75min,平均切除组织41g。术中、术后出血20例,电切综合征（TURS）5例,暂时性尿失禁11例,膀胱颈部挛缩5例,尿道狭窄8例,尿路感染7例,膀胱穿孔1例。结论TURP和TVP是良性前列腺增大症安全有效的外科治疗方法,术前详细采集病史,术中正确操作,术后对病人正确指导及处理可有效减少手术并发症。     

经尿道电气化前列腺切除治疗症状性良性前列腺增生症

目的 研究经尿道电气化前列腺切除术（ＴＶＰ）治疗症状性良性前列腺增生症的有效性,安全性和远期效果。方法 １９９５年９月－１９９８年８月,对１５０例症状性良性前列腺增生患者采用了经尿道电气化前列腺切除术的两种气化电极进行了治疗。本组平均年龄７４．８岁。术前本组均经国际症状评分,生活质量评分,肛门指诊,经直肠Ｂ超,尿动力学测定,剩余尿检查。     

经尿道前列腺电切术与汽化切除术的并发症分析

目的 分析经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）与经尿道前列腺汽化切除术（TVP）术中、术后常见并发症，进一步提高手术安全性和有效性。方法 回顾分析经尿道前列腺切除术4156例，其中TURP1056例，TVP3100例。比较2组患者术中、术后早期和远期并发症的发生率。结果 TURP与TVP平均手术时间分别为62min和54min，平均切除组织21．2g和36．7g。因术中出血而需输血者分别为14．1％和0．2％（P〈0．01），电切综合征（TURS）2．7％和0．9％（P〈0．01），包膜穿孔尿外渗3．7％和0．8％，术后出血2．2％和0．2％，尿路感染4．0％和5．7％，尿道狭窄2．5％和2．8％，膀胱颈部挛缩2．2％和2．1％，勃起功能障碍7．0％和2．3％（P〈0．01），逆行射精为45．0％和45．6％，永久性尿失禁各1例。结论 TURP与TVP均为良性前列腺增生安全而有效的外科治疗方法。但TURP术中出血、TURS、包膜穿孔尿外渗、术后出血、勃起障碍发生率明显高于TVP，而TVP尿道狭窄和膀胱刺激症状发生率略高于TURP组。     

经尿道前列腺电汽化术的并发症及防治

目的　探讨经尿道前列腺电汽化术（ＴＶＰ） 术中及术后的常见并发症及产生原因,以提高ＴＶＰ 治疗效果。　方法　对３８０ 例有症状的良性前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ） 患者行ＴＶＰ 术。平均年龄６８－３ 岁。术前及术后测定血常规、血钠和血糖,术后随访１ ～３ 个月。　结果　本组无死亡率。术中平均出血８６ｍｌ,血常规、血钠及血糖变化不明显,发生经尿道电切综合征（ＴＵＲＳ） 先兆２ 例。术后尿道狭窄发生率为３－２％ ,继发性出血０－５ ％ ,尿路感染４－７ ％ ,阳萎２－３ ％ ,逆行射精４５－６ ％ ,无真性尿失禁。　结论　ＴＶＰ术中保持清晰的视野可预防ＴＵＲＳ 的发生。操作损伤是引起尿道狭窄的重要原因。术前控制尿路感染及保持前列腺窝内平整可减少尿路感染的发生     

Transurethral Electrovaporization of the Prostate: Preliminary Clinical Results with Pressure-Flow Analysis

Background We evaluated the safety and efficacy of transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate (TVP) as a new alternative treatment for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Methods A total of 22 patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia, including 4 with urinary retention, underwent TVP. If enough of a cavity was not created after 60 minutes of vaporization, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) was performed successively. International Prostate Symptom Score (l-PSS) with quality-of-life index, maximum flow rate, and postvoid residual volume were measured at baseline and at 2 weeks, 1, 3, and 6 months. A pressure-flow study was performed at baseline and at 3 or 6 months after surgery.
Results TURP was required in 10 of 22 patients. At 6 months, mean l-PSS decreased from 20.0 to 5.2, quality-of-life index decreased from 4.6 to 1.1, mean maximum flow rate increased from 6.9 to 16.7 mL/s, and postvoid residual volume decreased from 152 to 32 mL. Detrusor pressure at maximum flow decreased from 108 to 39 cm H₂0, with a significant relief of bladder outlet obstruction in 93% of the patients. Mean decrease in hematocrit was 4.4%, and in serum sodium, 4.8 mEq/L. None of the patients required transfusions or had TUR syndrome. A urethral stricture and a severe stress incontinence developed in 1 patient.
Conclusion TVP seems to be a safe and effective alternative to a standard TURP associated with fewer intraoperative complications. Although preliminary clinical results have been promising, further study is necessary to establish long-term efficacy and safety of this procedure.     

经尿道前列腺电汽化术治疗前列腺增生症

应用经尿道前列腺电汽化术（ＴＶＰ）治疗良性前列腺增生症１２０例。手术时间平均５０分钟，出血量平均３０ｍｌ，术后不需要膀胱持续冲洗。留置导尿管时间平均２６．５小时，拔管后病人排尿通畅。前列腺症状评分从术前２０．９降至术后３个月的５．１，最大尿流率从术前１０．６ｍｌ／ｓ增加至术后３个月的１９．２ｍｌ／ｓ。ＴＶＰ具有疗效显著，并发症少、技术简单易掌握，价格较低和住院时间短等优点。     

Urethral tumor recurrence following cystectomy and urinary diversion: clinical and pathological characteristics in 768 male patients

PURPOSE: We evaluated the incidence and risks of urethral recurrence following radical cystectomy and urinary diversion in men with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Clinical and pathological results were evaluated in 768 consecutive male patients undergoing radical cystectomy with intent to cure for bladder cancer with a median followup 13 years, including 397 (51%) who underwent orthotopic urinary diversion with a median followup of 10 years and 371 (49%) who underwent cutaneous urinary diversion with a median followup of 19 years. Demographically and clinically these 2 groups were well matched with the only exception being longer median followup in the cutaneous group (p <0.001). Urethral recurrence was analyzed by univariate and multivariable analysis according to carcinoma in situ, tumor multifocality, pathological characteristics (tumor grade, stage and subgroup), the presence and extent of prostate tumor involvement (superficial vs stromal invasion) and the form of urinary diversion (cutaneous vs orthotopic). RESULTS: A total of 45 patients (6%) had urethral recurrence at a median of 2 years (range 0.2 to 13.6), including 16 (4%) with an orthotopic and 29 (8%) with a cutaneous form of urinary diversion. Carcinoma in situ and tumor multifocality were not significantly associated with an increased risk of urethral recurrence (p = 0.07 and 0.06, respectively). The presence of any (superficial and/or stromal invasion) prostatic tumor involvement was identified in 129 patients (17%). Prostate tumor involvement was associated with a significantly increased risk of urethral recurrence (p = 0.01). The estimated 5-year chance of urethral recurrence was 5% without any prostate involvement, increasing to 12% and 18% with superficial and invasive prostate involvement, respectively. Patients undergoing orthotopic diversion demonstrated a significantly lower risk of urethral recurrence compared with those undergoing cutaneous urinary diversion (p = 0.02). Patients without any prostate tumor involvement and orthotopic diversion (lowest risk group) demonstrated an estimated 4% year chance of urethral recurrence compared with a 24% chance in those with invasive prostate involvement undergoing cutaneous diversion (highest risk group). On multivariate analysis any prostate involvement (superficial and/or invasive) and urinary diversion form remained independent and significant predictors of urethral recurrence (p = 0.035 and 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: At long-term followup urethral tumor recurrence occurs in approximately 7% of men following cystectomy for bladder transitional cell carcinoma. Involvement of the prostate with tumor and the form of urinary diversion were significant and independent risk factors for urethral tumor recurrence. Patients undergoing orthotopic diversion have a lower incidence of urethral recurrence compared with those undergoing cutaneous diversion. Although prostate tumor involvement is a risk factor for urethral recurrence, it should not preclude orthotopic diversion, provided that intraoperative frozen section analysis of the urethral margin is without evidence of tumor.