赖氨大黄酸盐的合成工艺及活性研究

目的 制备水溶性大黄酸衍生物。方法 以大黄酸为起始原料,制备大黄酸的赖氨酸水溶液,在30 ℃反应24 h,然后加入一定量丙酮使其结晶析出,得到晶体物质。根据2005年药典方法检测其在水中溶解度,用MTT法检测新化合物对细胞增殖的影响。结果 目标化合物经HPLC、红外光谱和1H-NMR确证。赖氨大黄酸在水中溶解度为15 g·L^-1,其在抑制肿瘤细胞和内皮细胞增殖方面与大黄酸相当。结论 获得了水溶性好的大黄酸衍生物——赖氨大黄酸,并且其活性与大黄酸相当。     

赖氨大黄酸对HeLa细胞周期的影响及其机制

目的探讨赖氨大黄酸对HeLa细胞周期的影响及其机制。方法 MTT法检测赖氨大黄酸对HeLa细胞增殖的影响;流式细胞技术检测活性氧水平和细胞周期变化;显微镜下观察HeLa细胞形态变化;Western blot法检测p53和p21蛋白表达。结果赖氨大黄酸剂量依赖性地抑制HeLa细胞增殖,IC50约为83μmol·L-1。随着赖氨大黄酸剂量的增加,HeLa细胞中活性氧水平增加,并出现S期和G2期阻滞,以及细胞空泡样变性。通过Western blot研究发现赖氨大黄酸处理后的p53蛋白磷酸化水平呈剂量依赖性地增加,同时下游周期相关蛋白p21表达水平也随之增加,而p53蛋白表达水平未出现显著地剂量依赖性变化。结论赖氨大黄酸通过增加HeLa细胞中活性氧水平,引起细胞周期相关蛋白p53的磷酸化水平和p21蛋白表达水平增加,引起HeLa细胞出现空泡样变性,并诱导S期和G2期阻滞。     

赖氨大黄酸通过抑制HER-2信号通路诱导乳腺癌SK-Br-3细胞凋亡

为研究赖氨大黄酸(rhein lysinate，RHL)对人乳腺癌细胞株SK-Br-3细胞增殖、凋亡的影响及HER-2信号通路在其中的作用。应用MTT法检测赖氨大黄酸对SK-Br-3细胞增殖的影响；应用流式细胞仪检测细胞周期变化及细胞凋亡；应用Western blotting检测HER-2信号通路蛋白表达水平及蛋白磷酸化水平；应用RT-PCR和免疫化学方法分别检测HER-2 mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果显示， 赖氨大黄酸能有效抑制乳腺癌SK-Br-3细胞增殖， 作用48 h的IC₅₀值为85 μmol·L^{-1，并能诱导其凋亡，随药物浓度的增加，细胞凋亡率也逐渐升高；Western blotting结果显示，赖氨大黄酸抑制HER-2蛋白表达和蛋白磷酸化，抑制NF-κB蛋白表达，升高p53和p21蛋白表达；RT-PCR和免疫化学结果表明，赖氨大黄酸能抑制HER-2 mRNA的转录水平，从而抑制其蛋白表达。因此，赖氨大黄酸能有效抑制SK-Br-3细胞增殖，并诱导其凋亡，HER-2/NF-κB/p53/p21参与了赖氨大黄酸诱导SK-Br-3细胞凋亡的过程。赖氨大黄酸解决了大黄酸不溶于水的难题，并且能够通过HER-2信号通路诱导细胞凋亡，有望成为临床肿瘤辅助化疗药物。}     

1,8-二乙酰基大黄酸-(2-溴)-乙酯的合成及对骨肉瘤MG-63细胞的作用研究

目的设计并合成新的大黄酸衍生物1,8-二乙酰基大黄酸-(2-溴)-乙酯(大黄酸衍生物B),探讨其对骨肉瘤MG-63细胞的作用和机制。方法以大黄酸为原料合成了1,8-二乙酰基大黄酸-(2-溴)-乙酯,经UV、IR、NMR确定合成产物的结构,并利用HPLC测定其纯度。采用MTT法测定大黄酸和大黄酸衍生物B对骨肉瘤MG-63细胞的体外生长抑制作用;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡和细胞周期分布。结果经UV、IR、~1H NMR、¹³C NMR进行分子结构表征,确证合成的目标化合物为1,8-二乙酰基大黄酸-(2-溴)-乙酯,纯度>98%。MTT结果表明,大黄酸和大黄酸衍生物B对骨肉瘤MG-63细胞的IC₅₀值分别为110.60、25.78μmol·L^-1。流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡和周期结果表明,80μmol·L^-1的大黄酸和大黄酸衍生物B对骨肉瘤MG-63细胞的凋亡率分别为(6.87±0.53)%、(48.84±2.20)%,且主要将细胞周期阻滞在S期。结论合成化合物1,8-二乙酰基大黄酸-(2-溴)-乙酯的体外抗肿瘤活性明显优于大黄酸,且具有阻滞骨肉瘤MG-63细胞周期进程和促进其凋亡的作用。     

大黄游离蒽醌固体分散体的制备及溶出研究

目的以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVPK30)为载体,采用溶剂熔融法制备大黄游离蒽醌(FAQR)的固体分散体,提高其水溶性。方法将1∶2、1∶4、1∶8、1:12比例的FAQR和PVP加入适量无水乙醇溶解,减压除去乙醇,迅速冷却制备固体分散体,并比较各样品在水中的溶解性。结果采用溶剂熔融法制备的FAQR∶PVP(1∶4)固体分散体的溶解度为FAQR的3.6倍,T50缩短58.86%。结论采用溶剂熔融法制备FAQR∶PVP(1∶4)固体分散体能有效提高FAQR的水溶性。     

赖氨匹林退热作用观察

赖氨匹林是赖氨酸和阿司匹林的复盐,水中溶解度好,能作肌肉和静脉注射。本文选择26例因感冒等疾病引起发热,以4ml赖氨匹林肌肉注射,用药后30分钟开始退热,180分钟体温基本正常。另选15例对照病例用1ml安乃近肌肉注射,退热情况基本与赖氨匹林相似。因此认为赖氨匹林可作为较好的退热药物。     

新型骨靶向抗肿瘤大黄酚衍生物的合成

目的: 利用大黄蒽醌类化合物的抗肿瘤作用与趋骨性,将大黄酚抗肿瘤药5-氟脲嘧啶及其衍生物连接,合成系列新型骨靶向抗肿瘤衍生物.方法: 合成大黄酚衍生物,MTT法测定其对肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制作用,用羟基磷灰石吸附试验评价该类药物的体外骨亲和性.结果: 合成了21个大黄酚衍生物均为新化合物.实验显示所有化合物均有不同程度的骨亲和性,大部分化合物的亲和性高于阳性对照药四环素.结论: 大黄酚衍生物具有良好的骨亲和性.     

水溶性五环三萜酸衍生物的制备及研究进展

综述几种常见水溶性五环三萜酸衍生物的研究进展。五环三萜酸类化合物多具有广泛的生物活性,但因水溶性差、生物利用度低使其临床应用受到限制。以五环三萜酸为先导化合物,经结构修饰合成水溶性衍生物,并从中寻找出有生物活性和临床应用价值的化合物是当前天然药物化学研究的热点之一。     

灯盏乙素苷元4’-N-取代氨甲基苯甲酸酯-7-取代烟酸酯衍生物的合成与体外抗氧化活性研究

本研究以灯盏乙素苷元,N-取代氨甲基苯甲酸以及6-取代烟酸为原料,在偶联剂DCC/DMAP的作用下经4步反应制备了灯盏乙素苷元4’-N-取代氨甲基苯甲酸酯-7-取代烟酸酯衍生物1a~1f,并经1H NMR,ESI-MS以及HRMS确证结构。对化合物1a~1f进行了神经细胞氧化损伤保护活性与理化性质研究,结果显示,烟酸酯结构的引入能够提高化合物抗氧化活性以及水溶性,其中化合物1d具有较高的水溶性、体外稳定性及抗氧化活性,值得进一步研究。     

5-甲基-7,4’-二羟基异黄酮水溶性衍生物的合成及其抗缺氧活性

目的5-甲基-7,4’-二羟基异黄酮水溶性衍生物的合成及其抗缺氧活性的比较。方法三氟化硼-乙醚催化的“一锅法”工艺制备母体化合物1,并通过甲基化和磺化反应合成衍生物2～4,常压耐缺氧试验评价其活性。结果化合物3和4水溶性强,且抗缺氧作用等价于母体化合物。结论新合成的水溶性化合物3和4具有明显的抗缺氧活性。     

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug for pulmonary administration: Design and investigation of ketoprofen lysinate fine dry powders

Pulmonary inflammation is an important therapeutic target in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, aiming to limit and delay the lung damage. The purpose of the present research was to produce respirable engineered particles of ketoprofen lysinate, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug able to fight lung inflammatory status by direct administration to the site of action. Micronized drug powders containing leucine as dispersibility enhancer were prepared by co-spray drying the active compound and the excipient from water or hydro-alcoholic feeds. Microparticles were fully characterized in terms of process yield, particle size distribution, morphology and drug content. The ability of the drug to reach the deepest airways after aerosolization of spray-dried formulations was evaluated by Andersen cascade impactor, using the monodose DPI as device. In order to investigate the behaviour of the drug once in contact with lung fluid, an artificial CF mucus was prepared. Drug permeation properties were evaluated interposing the mucus layer between the drug and a synthetic membrane mounted in Franz-type diffusion cells. Finally, the effect of the engineered particles on vitality of human airway epithelial cells of patients homozygous for ΔF 508 CF (CuFi1) was studied and compared to that of raw active compound. Results indicated that powders engineering changed the diameter and shape of the particles, making them suitable for inhalation. The mucus layer in the donor compartment of vertical diffusion cells slowed down drug dissolution and permeation, leucine having no influence. Cell proliferation studies evidenced that the spray drying process together with the addition of leucine reduced the cytotoxic effect of ketoprofen lysine salt as raw material, making the ketoprofen lysinate DPI a very promising product for the inflammation control in CF patients.     

Rhein: a novel potential antitumor drug

Rhein (4,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid) is an anthraquinone compound enriched in the rhizome of rhubarb (Rheum palmatum or Rheum tanguticum Maxim), a traditional Chinese medicine herb. Natural product compounds are a source of novel therapeutic agents. Rhein has been initially identified as an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agent. Recent studies indicate that rhein may also have an antitumor effect. However, the molecular mechanisms are still unclear. This review aims to summarize the research of rhein to better understand the anti-tumor activities by targeting cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. Meanwhile, we also intend to give an overview of the mechanisms identified so far. The breakthrough findings may shed light on using rhein as a targeted-cancer therapy.     

Rhein reverses the diabetic phenotype of mesangial cells over-expressing the glucose transporter (GLUT1) by inhibiting the hexosamine pathway

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Rhein, an anthraquinone compound isolated from rhubarb, has been proved effective in treatment of experimental diabetic nephropathy (DN). To explore the mechanism of its therapeutic effect on DN, rhein was tested for its effect on the hexosamine pathway. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: The influence of rhein on cellular hypertrophy, fibronectin synthesis, glucose uptake, glutamine: fructose 6-phosphate aminotransferase (GFAT) activity, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) level and TGF-beta1 and p21 expression was evaluated in MCGT1 cells, a GLUT1 transgenic rat mesangial cell line. GFAT activity in normal rat mesangial cells in high glucose concentrations and in vitro was also measured. KEY RESULTS: Significantly increased fibronectin synthesis, cellular hypertrophy, much higher GFAT activity and UDP-GlcNAc level and increased TGF-beta1 and p21 expression were found in MCGT1 cells cultured in normal glucose concentration. Rhein treatment decreased all these features of MCGT1 cells but did not exert a direct effect on GFAT enzymatic activity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: There was over-activity of the hexosamine pathway in MCGT1 cells, which may explain the higher expression of TGF-beta1 and p21, the cellular hypertrophy and the increased expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in the cells. By inhibiting the increased activity the hexosamine pathway, rhein decreased TGF-beta1 and p21 expression and thus contributed to the decreased cellular hypertrophy and ECM synthesis. Inhibition of the hexosamine pathway may be one of the mechanism through which rhein exerts its therapeutic role in diabetic nephropathy.     

氢氯噻嗪-β-环糊精包合物的制备

目的:制备能提高氢氯噻嗪溶解度的β-环糊精包合物。方法:用共沉淀法及超声法制备氢氯噻嗪-β-环糊精包合物,并经红外光谱法和显微镜观察法鉴定;用紫外分光光度法测定包合物含量及溶解度。结果:用2种制备方法均能形成氢氯噻嗪包合物,其中含量均为20%左右;氢氯噻嗪原料及其物理混合物、共沉淀包合物、超声包合物的溶解度分别为5.65、10.92、106.57、108.72μg·mL-1。结论:氢氯噻嗪与β-环糊精形成包合物后可以显著增加其溶解度。     

大黄酸金属配合物的结构及对人肝癌HepG2细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的:以大黄酸和相应金属盐为原料,合成3种金属配合物,并对其结构进行表征,比较其抗癌活性大小。方法:采用核磁共振氢谱法、红外光谱法、紫外光谱法、滴定法、原子吸收光谱法进行结构表征;采用MTT法测试三种配合物对于人肝癌Hep G2细胞的抑制作用。结果:通过光谱法证实有配合物生成,并推测出其可能结构。MTT测试显示配合物和配体均具有一定的抗癌活性,其中大黄酸-Fe(Ⅲ)抗癌活性最强,其IC50值达17.44μg.m L-1,优于配体大黄酸(IC50=116.741μg.m L-1),大黄酸-Cu(Ⅱ)(IC50=54.427μg.m L-1),大黄酸-Cr(Ⅲ)(IC50=63.584μg.m L-1)。结论:大黄酸金属配合物抗癌活性相比配体增强。     

Rhein attenuates renal inflammatory injury of uric acid nephropathy via lincRNA-Cox2/miR-150-5p/STAT1 axis

Rhein has protective effect on uric acid nephropathy (UAN). This article aims to demystify the mechanism of function of rhein in UAN. Mouse kidney epithelial cell line (TCMK-1) was incubated with uric acid (UA) to induce inflammatory injury. Then, the TCMK-1 cells were treated with rhein. The relationships among lincRNA-Cox2, miR-150-5p and STAT1 were evaluated by luciferase reporter assay. CCK8 and flow cytometry were performed to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis. The levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α were investigated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to examine the expression of genes and proteins. We found that UA suppressed proliferation and enhanced apoptosis and the levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α of TCMK-1 cells, which was effectively improved by rhein treatment. Furthermore, lincRNA-Cox2 overexpression caused an increase of apoptosis and inflammatory factors in the rhein-treated TCMK-1 cells. LincRNA-Cox2 regulated STAT1 expression by sponging miR-150-5p. And lincRNA-Cox2 promoted apoptosis and inflammatory injury of TCMK-1 cells by regulating miR-150-5p/STAT1 axis. In summary, our studies demonstrate that rhein has a protective effect against UAN by inhibiting renal inflammatory injury via lincRNA-Cox2/miR-150-5p/STAT1 axis.     

含酰胺结构的大黄酸衍生物4a对卵巢癌细胞的 迁移、侵袭的影响

目的探讨含酰胺结构的大黄酸衍生物4a(简称衍生物4a,derivative 4a)对卵巢癌SKOV3细胞迁移、侵袭能力的影响及可能作用机制。方法采用分子对接和Western blot检测衍生物4a对Rac1蛋白的调控作用,CCK-8、HE染色、Scratch和Transwell实验分别检测衍生物4a对SKOV3细胞增殖、形态学、迁移和侵袭能力的影响;Western blot检测衍生物4a处理细胞后EMT的标志性蛋白Vimentin、β-cantenin、E-caderin、MMP-2、MMP-9的表达情况。结果衍生物4a能有效与Rac1蛋白结合,结合能明显低于大黄酸;且能下调SKOV3细胞Rac1蛋白的表达。衍生物4a能够明显抑制SKOV3细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移能力,并诱导细胞产生大量空泡化;衍生物4a可下调MMP-2、MMP-9表达,上调EMT上皮性标志蛋白E-caderin表达及下调Vimentin、β-cantenin的表达。结论衍生物4a能抑制卵巢癌SKOV3细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭,其机制可能是靶向调控Rac1,抑制基质金属蛋白酶分泌,上调EMT过程关键分子E-caderin和下调Vimentin、β-cantenin的表达综合作用的结果。     

2-hydroxy-4'-methoxychalcone inhibits proliferation and inflammation of human aortic smooth muscle cells by increasing the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma

Chalcone is a class of flavonoid compounds that are widely biosynthesized in plants. Epidemiological studies suggest that increased intake of flavonoids from fruits and vegetables reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the effect of chalcone on cardiovascular diseases has not been fully investigated. The aims of this study were to evaluate the antiatherosclerotic effect of 2-hydroxy-4'-methoxychalcone (AN07, a synthetic chalcone derivate) and to investigate its potential pharmacological mechanisms. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) has been reported to stimulate proliferation of human aortic smooth muscle cells and that is one of the mechanisms resulting in atherosclerosis. In this study, we demonstrate that AN07 significantly inhibits the Ox-LDL-induced proliferation of human aortic smooth muscle cells. This effect is mediated via the inhibition of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase and E-twenty six 1 phosphorylations. In the effect of anti-inflammation, AN07 decreases the Ox-LDL-stimulated upregulation of interleukin (IL) 1β and IL-6. In addition, AN07 acts synergistically with rosiglitazone and pioglitazone to inhibit the Ox-LDL-induced proliferation of human aortic smooth muscle cells and upregulation of cyclin D1, cyclin D3, IL-1β, and IL-6. These effects are a result of an increase in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma mRNA and protein expression stimulated by AN07 in human aortic smooth muscle cells. In conclusion, the chalcone derivate AN07 has versatile therapeutic potential against atherosclerosis by acting as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma inducer, p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, and cell cycle blocker.