血管内栓塞治疗颈内动脉海绵窦瘘

目的　探讨颈内动脉海绵窦瘘 (CCF)血管内栓塞治疗的效果。方法　 5例均经DSA全脑血管造影明确瘘口部位 ,采用可脱性球囊或电致血凝性可脱性铂金弹簧圈 (GDC)进行栓塞。结果　 5例中 ,1例球囊栓塞成功并保持颈内动脉通畅 ;2例表现为假性动脉瘤 ,用球囊闭塞患侧颈内动脉 ;1例因瘘口太小 ,用GDC填塞海绵窦 ;另 1例 2次试放球囊入海绵窦均破裂失败 ,其中 1枚瘪陷球囊滞留于海绵窦 ,患者不愿闭塞患侧颈内动脉未予进一步治疗 ,但患者治疗术后 1周临床症状和体征消失。结论　颈内动脉海绵窦瘘全脑血管造影可明确瘘口部位、大小 ,首选治疗方法是血管内栓塞治疗。     

颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的血管内栓塞治疗(附7例分析)

目的：探讨颈内动脉海绵窦瘘血管内球囊栓塞治疗之效果。方法：７例病人（５例外伤性，２例自发性）均行ＤＳＡ全脑血管造影明确瘘口部位。结果：７例中５例球囊栓塞成功，保持了颈内动脉的通畅。１例行患侧颈内动脉闭塞。另１例属Ｄ型，栓塞效果不满意。结论：海绵窦瘘全脑血管造影可明确瘘口部位、大小及分型。单纯性海绵窦瘘大部分为外伤性，首选治疗方法是血管内球囊栓塞治疗。     

颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的血管内栓塞治疗

目的；探讨颈内动脉海绵窦瘘血和内球囊栓塞治疗之效果。材料与方法：７例患者均行ＤＳＡ全脑血管造影明确明确瘘口部位。叙述发现瘘口应注意的造影环节。结果：７例中５例球囊栓塞成功，保留了颈内动脉的通畅。１例行患侧颈内动脉闭塞。另１例属Ｄ型，栓塞效果不满意。结论；海绵窦瘘全脑血管造影可明确瘘口部位、大小及分型。单纯性海绵窦瘘大部分为外伤性、首选的治疗方法是血管内球囊栓塞治疗。     

颈内动脉海绵窦瘘血管内栓塞治疗的临床价值

目的　探讨颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的血管内栓塞治疗。方法　对 18例外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘患者 ,全部经皮股动脉穿刺行全脑DSA检查确诊 ,用可脱球囊进行栓塞治疗。结果　 18例患者全部栓塞成功 ,其中 15例同时保持颈内动脉通畅 ,1例CCF瘘口较大 ,2例球囊进入瘘口困难 ,改行闭塞瘘口的同时栓塞同侧颈内动脉。术后除 1例患者眼睛失明未恢复外 ,其余病例临床症状及体征完全消失。结论　血管内栓塞技术是目前治疗CCF的最好方法 ,具有损伤小 ,安全性高 ,疗效可靠等特点     

直接型颈动脉海绵窦瘘的血管内治疗

探讨血管内治疗对直接型颈动脉海绵窦瘘的价值。材料和方法：38例患者在治疗前均行脑血管造影检查，所有病例均采用经动脉途径，用可脱球囊导管进行栓塞治疗。结果：38例患者中有36例栓塞成功，其中34例患者瘘口完全闭塞。36例患者中有32例于栓塞后保留颈内动脉，4例行颈内动脉球囊闭塞术。术后36例患者的海绵窦综合症均有不同程度的好转。3例患者曾行经静脉途径可脱球囊栓塞治疗，但由于海绵窦内分隔的阻挡作用，球囊不能进入海绵窦及其瘘口附近而告失败。2例患者由于球囊早脱并移位于大脑中动脉分支血管内，导致患者发生失语和一侧肢体偏瘫。结论：血管内可脱球囊栓塞治疗直接型颈脉海绵窦瘘，其瘘口闭塞率高，死亡率低，是直接型颈动脉海绵窦瘘的首选治疗手段。     

可脱性球囊栓塞治疗Barrow A型颈动脉海绵窦瘘

目的探讨可脱性球囊栓塞治疗创伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的疗效及应用价值。资料与方法 18例Bar-row A型创伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘,采用可脱性球囊经股动脉途径闭塞颈内动脉破口处或破口处患侧颈内动脉主干。结果术后18例颅内血管性杂音立即消失,16例闭塞了瘘口,颈内动脉主干保持通畅;2例同时闭塞了瘘口及颈内动脉主干。随访6～12个月,无复发。结论使用可脱性球囊栓塞治疗创伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘创伤小、恢复快、安全可行,近期疗效确切。     

Detachable Balloon Embolization in Barrow Type A of Traumatic Carotid Cavernous Fistula

目的 探讨可脱性球囊栓塞治疗创伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的疗效及应用价值.资料与方法 18例Bar-row A型创伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘,采用可脱性球囊经股动脉途径闭塞颈内动脉破口处或破口处患侧颈内动脉主干.结果 术后18例颅内血管性杂音立即消失,16例闭塞了瘘口,颈内动脉主干保持通畅;2例同时闭塞了瘘口及颈内动脉主干.随访6 ～12个月,无复发.结论 使用可脱性球囊栓塞治疗创伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘创伤小、恢复快、安全可行,近期疗效确切.     

外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的诊断及血管内栓塞治疗

目的探讨外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘(TCCF)的诊断方法和血管内球囊及可脱式弹簧圈(GDC)栓塞治疗的效果。方法回顾性研究48例患者共49个瘘口进行51次栓塞治疗,其中49次应用可脱式球囊进行栓塞,2次应用GDC进行栓塞。结果49个瘘口中31个闭塞瘘口同时颈内动脉保持通畅,2例患者2周后复发,应用球囊再次栓塞。18个闭塞患侧颈内动脉,1例患者出现暂时性肢体偏瘫。2例GDC栓塞闭塞瘘口并保持颈内动脉通畅。患者临床症状基本全部消失,部分术前视力下降者恢复不良。结论物理诊断和DSA脑血管造影对TCCF诊断最有意义。可脱式球囊栓塞是治疗TCCF的良好方式,辅助GDC栓塞总体上可以达到更好的结果。     

颈内动脉—海绵窦瘘的血管内栓塞治疗

目的：探讨颈内动脉—海绵窦瘘血管内栓塞治疗方法。方法：使用可脱性球囊及微弹簧圈进行血管内栓塞治疗的颈内动脉—海绵窦瘘病例１０例。结果：１０例病例中９例栓塞成功，均保持颈内动脉通畅，随访未见瘘口再通，另１例因瘘口过小，球囊无法进入窦内而改用保守治疗。结论：血管内栓塞治疗开辟了治疗颈内动脉—海绵窦瘘的新途径，微弹簧圈是一种较可脱性球囊更为理想的栓塞材料。     

外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘并严重鼻衄的血管内介入治疗

目的 探讨血管内介入治疗外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘(TCCF)合并严重鼻衄的策略和疗效.方法 26例TCCF并严重鼻衄的患者进行了血管内介入治疗,其中24例采用了可脱性球囊栓塞瘘口或闭塞颈内动脉;1例采用解脱式微弹簧圈栓塞;1例采用覆膜支架进行治疗.结果 26例中,9例1次性栓塞了瘘口,假性动脉瘤消失,颈内动脉通畅;15例1次性栓塞了瘘口和闭塞颈内动脉;解脱式微弹簧圈栓塞海绵窦,瘘口基本消失,颈内动脉通畅1例;覆膜支架闭塞瘘口,颈内动脉保持通畅1例.术后26例均未再发生鼻衄.结论 TCCF并严重鼻衄应尽早进行DSA确诊,尽早或急症进行治疗.血管内介入治疗TCCF合并严重鼻衄是一种首选、安全和有效的治疗方法.     

创伤性颈内动脉假性动脉瘤的血管内治疗

目的 探讨载瘤动脉闭塞、弹簧圈栓塞以及支架技术治疗颅内创伤性颈内动脉假性动脉瘤(pseudoaneurysm,PSA)的适应证及其疗效.方法 本组6例患者,3例海绵窦段PSA合并颈内动脉海绵窦痿(carotid-cavernous fistula,CCF),2例单纯颈内动脉PSA,1例CCF球囊栓塞后复查显示PSA.球囊闭塞CCF及创伤性颈内动脉PSA 1例,弹簧圈栓塞3例,颈内动脉球囊闭塞2例.根据6例患者的临床表现、影像学资料、治疗方法选择、临床疗效、随访资料以及文献,分析三种治疗方式的适应证.结果 本组患者无手术相关并发症发生,无脑缺血并发症.术后无鼻出血发生,3例眼球突出回复,1例随访半年视力改善,3例颅内杂音消失,3例瞳孔缩小,复查数字减影血管造影(DSA)未见PSA复发.结论 血管内治疗是治疗颈内动脉PSA的首选,合并CCF时可行球囊闭塞或载瘤动脉闭塞.对单纯窄颈者予以弹簧圈栓塞,对宽颈的采用支架技术结合弹簧圈栓塞,而位于颈内动脉岩段可选择带膜支架.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the indication and result of parental artery occlusion, embolization with coils, stents in treatment of the traumatic carotid artery pseudoaneurysm. Methods There were six patients with traumatic carotid artery pseudoaneurysm including three patients of cavernous pseudoaneurysm combined with carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF), two with simple traumatic carotid artery pseudoaneurysm and one with traumatic carotid artery pseudoaneurysm that was found after CCF embolization with detachable balloon. The treatment included balloon occlusion for CCF and traumatic carotid pseudoaneurysm in one patient, coil embolization in three and intenal carotid artery balloon occlusion in two. The Clinical manifestations, imaging data, choice of treatment, clinical efficacy, follow-up data and literatures were analyzed to discuss the indications for three treatments. Results There was no cerebral ischemia or surgically-related complication. No epistaxis occurred. The eyeball protrusion restoration was found in three patients and intracranial bruit vanishing in three. Vision was improved one patient after half a year follow-up. The pupils shrank in three patients during follow - up. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) showed no recurrence of pseudoaneurysm. Conclusions Endovascular treatment is the preferred choice of treatment for traumatic carotid artery pseudoaneurysm. The occlusion or parent artery balloon occlusion can be used when the pseudoaneurysm is combined with CCF. Coil embolization can be used for shoes with narrow neck, stent technology combined with coil embolization for those with wide neck and the covered stent for the rock section of the internal carotid artery.     

可脱球囊栓塞术在海绵窦瘘治疗中的应用 (附 2 7例报告 )

目的　研究微导管可脱球囊技术治疗海绵窦瘘的临床意义。方法 :2 6例外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘 (TCCF)患者和 1例大脑前动脉 (A1段 )动脉瘤破裂合并海绵窦瘘患者采用微导管可脱球囊技术进行栓塞治疗 ,以经颅多普勒 (TCD)进行复查 ,所有患者均随访 6月以上。结果 :2 2例CCF患者均成功栓塞瘘口并保持颈内动脉通畅 ,其中 2 0例为一次栓塞成功 ,2例因球囊过早泄漏而行 2次栓塞治疗。对 1例A1段动脉瘤破裂合并海绵窦瘘患者成功施行了双球囊动脉瘤颈孤立术。 4例行颈内动脉闭塞术。本组病例未发生严重并发症。结论 :微导管可脱球囊技术是对海绵窦瘘的一种微创、安全、有效的治疗方法。     

颈动脉海绵窦瘘的血管内栓塞治疗

目的　探讨不同的栓塞材料在颈动脉海绵窦瘘 (CCF)的血管内栓塞治疗中的应用。方法　回顾分析了 2 3例CCF血管内栓塞治疗病例。其中 2 2例外伤性CCF ,19例使用了可脱性球囊 ,3例使用了金属微弹簧圈作栓塞材料 ;1例自发性CCF ,使用了NB CA胶作栓塞剂。结果　可脱性球囊栓塞 19例 ,均获得临床治愈 ,其中 12例保持了患侧颈内动脉的通畅 ,获得解剖治愈 ;金属微弹簧圈栓塞 3例 ,2例成功 ,1例因弹簧圈异位栓塞于右大脑中动脉的分支 ,导致病人失语和半身不遂 ,1例自发性CCF ,经患侧脑膜副动脉注射NBCA胶 ,部分NBCA进入海绵窦内 ,病人获得临床治愈。结论　CCF首选血管内栓塞治疗 ,而可脱性球囊是一种理想的栓塞材料。由于金属微弹簧圈可控性差 ,不够安全 ,不应再被作为经颈内动脉途径的栓塞材料。     

经动脉入路血管内治疗142例创伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘临床分析

目的 验证经动脉入路血管内治疗对创伤性颈内动脉海绵瘘(CCF)的治疗效果.方法 142例经全脑血管造影确诊为颈内动脉海绵窦瘘,行常规可脱球囊栓塞术,其中7例行球囊栓塞失败,改为全麻下行Jostent覆膜支架成形术.结果 135例患者局麻下成功行可脱球囊栓塞术,7例行球囊栓塞失败后于全麻下成功行Jostent覆膜支架成形...     

特殊类型颈动脉海绵窦瘘的血管内栓塞治疗

目的　探讨特殊类型颈动脉海绵窦瘘的血管内栓塞治疗的可行性及其价值。方法 :2 8例有外伤史的患者 ,采用Seldinger技术送入导管行全脑血管造影 ,观察侧支循环情况后 ,进行血管内栓塞治疗。结果 :双侧颈动脉海绵窦瘘 6例 ;单侧者为小瘘口 4例、多发瘘口者 2例 ,瘘口部合并骨折片者 11例 ,合并创伤性动脉瘤者 3例 ;栓塞后出现NPPB者 2例。血管内栓塞治疗中 ,闭塞瘘口保持颈内动脉通畅者 9例 ,闭塞瘘口同时闭塞颈内动脉者 19例。结论 :对于特殊类型颈动脉海绵窦瘘行血管内栓塞治疗是安全、有效的 ,应为首选的方法。对于不同病例应采取特例特办的原则 ,方可取得良好的治疗效果。     

Double-balloon technique for embolization of carotid cavernous fistulas

Embolization of a carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) by means of a detachable balloon is an established method for treating CCFs while preserving a patent parent internal carotid artery (ICA). However, failure to embolize the CCF may occur on a few occasions, such as when the balloon cannot pass through the fistula into the cavernous sinus by blood flow, or when the inflated balloon in the cavernous sinus retracts to the carotid artery. Under these circumstances, the ICA may have to be sacrificed in order to treat the CCF. Herein we describe a double-balloon technique for embolization of a CCF. By applying this technique, we successfully treated nine of 11 CCFs, without compromise of the parent ICA when the conventional one-balloon technique failed.     

Direct puncture of the proximally occluded internal carotid artery for treatment of carotid cavernous fistulas

Three patients with symptomatic carotid cavernous fistulas (CCFs) characterized by complete occlusion of the proximal internal carotid artery were treated by percutaneous puncture and embolization. Two patients had CCFs associated with traumatic dissections of the internal carotid artery and were treated initially with trapping procedures. Both patients had persistent symptoms related to the CCF and underwent additional surgical procedures (ophthalmic artery ligation and intraoperative embolization) without improvement. The third patient had traumatic occlusion of the internal carotid artery. After direct percutaneous puncture of the carotid artery above the occlusion, a catheter was advanced into the petrous internal carotid artery. Balloons (one case) or coil emboli (two cases) were placed into the cavernous sinus to produce CCF closure. There were no complications from this procedure. Direct puncture of the carotid artery is an alternative treatment for patients lacking safe access for CCF embolization.     

颈动脉海绵窦瘘23例疗效探讨

目的总结23例颈动脉海绵窦瘘﹙CCF﹚的临床诊治经验并探讨治疗策略。方法回顾性分析23例各种类型CCF的诊治体会,患者:Barrow分型A型14例、B型1例、C型1例、D型7例。结果20例经动脉入路,2例静脉入路,1例放弃栓塞治疗。9例采用单纯球囊行瘘口栓塞,5例直接行患侧颈内动脉和瘘口闭塞;5例采用NBCA胶栓塞瘘口;1例采用明胶海绵颗粒部分栓塞联合颈动脉压迫治疗;2例采用弹簧圈海绵窦内栓塞;1例单纯采用颈动脉压迫治疗。21例痊愈,2例好转。结论CCF具有复杂性、难治性特点,血管内治疗应作为主要治疗手段。     

双导管球囊技术治疗高流量颈动脉海绵窦瘘

目的探讨双球囊导管技术治疗高流量颈动脉海绵窦瘘(CCF)的可行性及疗效。方法随机选择1枚可脱性球囊无法闭塞的CCF患者3例,双侧股动脉置管,送2枚球囊进入瘘口,调整位置,充盈2枚球囊,使瘘口完全闭塞后再解脱球囊,观察栓塞效果和颈内动脉通畅情况,评价该技术的可行性。结果3例患者均1次性完全闭塞瘘口,颈内动脉皆通畅,操作过程简单易行,未增加介入治疗的危险性。结论双导管球囊技术能在保证颈内动脉通畅的前提下简单有效地治疗1枚球囊无法闭塞的CCF。     

Transarterial balloon-assisted n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate embolization of direct carotid cavernous fistulas

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Transarterial detachable balloon embolization of direct carotid cavernous fistulas (DCCFs) has become an optimal treatment. In a few cases, the parent artery has to be sacrificed to achieve morphologic cure. We present our experience with transarterial balloon-assisted n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (n-BCA) embolization of DCCFs in which there was failure to achieve angiographic cure and preservation of parent arteries. METHODS: Of 141 patients with traumatic DCCFs who had been treated by transarterial embolization with occlusion of the fistula and parent artery preservation, 18 received transarterial balloon-assisted n-BCA embolization-6 for residual fistula after the balloons detached, 7 for recurrent fistula because of premature balloon deflation or migration, and 5 for repeated puncture of the detachable balloon by the bony fragment at the cavernous sinus. A total of 27 procedures were performed with an average 1.5 attempts per patient, and the volume of the n-BCA mixture varied from 0.5 to 2.3 mL with a mean of 0.83 mL. RESULTS: All DCCFs were successfully occluded by the n-BCA mixture with preservation of parent arteries. One patient with a giant cavernous sinus varix had a fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage. One had a recurrence and was treated by internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion. Five had asymptomatic pseudoaneurysms at the parent artery. There was no adhesion of the n-BCA mixture to the protective balloon or the microcatheter or n-BCA reflux into the parent arteries. CONCLUSION: Transarterial balloon-assisted n-BCA embolization is a feasible, efficient, and safe treatment for DCCFs when angiographic cure and ICA preservation are not achieved by transarterial detachable balloon embolization.