左旋氨氯地平的时间药理学对纠正老年非杓型高血压的作用

目的按照时间治疗学的原则,探讨不同时间服用长效钙拮抗剂(CCB)左旋氨氯地平对老年非杓型高血压患者血压的影响。方法采用90217型无创动态血压监测仪,动态血压监测的方法筛选出54例入选前≥4周未使用二氢吡啶类CCB的老年非杓型高血压患者,随机分为左旋氨氯地平晨起服药组(n=28)和晚上服药组(n=26),2.5mg/d,共治疗48周。药物治疗前后分别进行诊室血压和动态血压监测的检查。结果1)不同时间服药组的诊室收缩压(SBP)在治疗后均明显降低(P<0.05),两组间的诊室SBP在治疗前后差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2)动态血压结果显示,晨起服药及夜间服药均能降低夜间SBP(P<0.05,P<0.01),夜间服药更能有效地降低全天的SBP。3)晨起服药组的白天血压达标率(SBP<135mmHg)为39.3%,晚上服药组的白天血压达标率为30.8%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。晨起服药组的夜间血压达标率(SBP<125mmHg)为28.6%,晚上服药组的夜间血压达标率为61.5%,差异有非常显著意义(P<0.01)。4)两组间纠正血压昼夜节律异常(由非杓型纠正为杓型)比例的差异有非常显著意义(晨起服药组17.9%比晚上服药组46.2%,P<0.01)。结论对于非杓型老年高血压患者,左旋氨氯地平在晚上服用时可以较好地纠正夜间的高负荷血压,提高夜间血压达标率。夜间及白天服用长效CCB均能有效地降低夜间血压。     

左旋氨氯地平的时间药理学对纠正老年非杓型高血压的作用

目的 按照时间治疗学的原则,探讨不同时间服用长效钙拮抗剂(CCB)左旋氨氯地平对老年非杓型高血压患者血压的影响.方法 采用90217型无创动态血压监测仪,动态血压监测的方法筛选出54例入选前≥4周未使用二氢吡啶类CCB的老年非杓型高血压患者,随机分为左旋氨氯地平晨起服药组(n=28)和晚上服药组(n=26),2.5 mg/d,共治疗48周.药物治疗前后分别进行诊室血压和动态血压监测的检查.结果 1)不同时间服药组的诊室收缩压(SBP)在治疗后均明显降低(P＜0.05),两组间的诊室SBP在治疗前后差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).2)动态血压结果显示,晨起服药及夜间服药均能降低夜间SBP(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),夜间服药更能有效地降低全天的SBP.3)晨起服药组的白天血压达标率(SBP＜135 mm Hg)为39.3%,晚上服药组的白天血压达标率为30.8%,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).晨起服药组的夜间血压达标率(SBP＜125 mm Hg)为28.6%,晚上服药组的夜间血压达标率为61.5%,差异有非常显著意义(P＜0.01).4)两组间纠正血压昼夜节律异常(由非杓型纠正为杓型)比例的差异有非常显著意义(展起服药组17.9%比晚上服药组46.2%,P＜0.01).结论 对于非杓型老年高血压患者,左旋氨氯地平在晚上服用时可以较好地纠正夜间的高负荷血压,提高夜间血压达标率.夜间及白天服用长效CCB均能有效地降低夜间血压.     

厄贝沙坦不同时间用药对血压昼夜节律的影响研究

目的按照时间药物学的原则,探讨不同用药时间服用厄贝沙坦对非杓型高血压患者血压昼夜节律的影响。方法采用动态血压检测的方法筛选出83例非杓型高血压患者,随机分为厄贝沙坦晨起服药组（41例）和晚上服药组（42例）,均给以厄贝沙坦150～300mg口服,1次/d,共治疗24周。药物治疗前后分别进行诊室血压和动态血压监测的检查。结果两组的诊室收缩压（SBP）在治疗后均明显降低,两组的诊室收缩压（SBP）在治疗前后差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。动态血压结果显示,两组均能降低夜间SBP（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,夜间服药更能有效地降低夜间的SBP。晨起服药组的白天血压达标率（SBP〈135mmHg）为36.5%,晚上服药组的白天血压达标率为33.3%,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。晨起服药组的夜间血压达标率（SBP〈125mmHg）为29.2%,晚上服药组的夜间血压达标率为61.9%,差异有显著意义（P〈0.01）。晨起服药组血压昼夜节律纠正率为19.5%,晚上服药组血压昼夜节律纠正率为52.4%,差异有显著意义（P〈0.01）。结论对于非杓型高血压患者,厄贝沙坦晚上服药可以有效地纠正夜间的高负荷血压,提高夜间血压达标率,改善血压昼夜节律。     

不同时间服用洛活喜对老年非杓型高血压患者的影响

目的探讨不同时间服用络活喜对老年非杓型高血压患者血压的影响。方法采用90217型无创动态血压监测仪和诊室血压筛选出76例老年非杓型高血压患者,随机分为晨起服药组和晚上服药组各例38例,口服氨氯地平5mg,1次／d。两组分另4在7：00～10：00或19：00-22：00期间服药,每天测量患者血压,治疗2周后血压未达到目标值,将氨氯地平荆量增加至10mg,若2周后仍不达标,则依次加服ACEI、利尿剂、β-受体阻滞剂一直到血压达标,治疗8周后复查ABPM。结果晨起服药组纠正血压昼夜节律异常的比例为18．4％,而夜间服药纠正血压昼夜节律异常的比例为52．6％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。晚上服药组清晨时段收缩压和舒张压显著低于晨起服药组。结论根据老年高血压患者血压节律特征及降压药物的代谢动力学特点,夜间服用氨氟地平在有效平稳的同时,可恢复血压正常节律,控制晨起高血压程度,从而保护靶器官,减少心脑肾血管病的发生。     

时间治疗学在非杓型高血压中的应用

目的探讨时间治疗学对非杓型高血压患者的治疗效果。方法将85例非杓型轻中度原发性高血压患者随机分为清晨服药组和夜间服药组,进行24h动态血压监测,两组患者选用左旋氨氯地平2.5～5.0mg治疗,清晨服药时间为患者起床后立即服用,夜间服药时间为睡前,用药3周,观察两组患者治疗前后24h动态学参数,比较血压昼夜节律变化。结果两组患者治疗前和治疗3周后24h平均收缩压(SBP)、平均舒张压(DBP)、白天收缩压(dSBP)、夜间收缩压(nSBP)、白天舒张压(dDBP)及夜间舒张压(nDBP)比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);但组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。清晨服药组达标率为90.7%(39/43),夜间服药组达标率为95.2%(40/42),两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者SBPF有效率和DBPF有效率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论选择具体给药时间是平稳、有效、长效的控制血压,同时减低靶器官损害的理想治疗方法。     

不同时间服用依那普利叶酸片对高龄H型高血压患者昼夜节律及同型半胱氨酸水平的影响

目的探讨在不同时间段服用依那普利叶酸片对80岁以上高血压患者血压昼夜节律及同型半胱氨酸水平(Hcy)的影响。方法入选2015年6月至2017年6月于沧州市中心医院心血管内科门诊就诊的102例非杓型高血压患者,随机分为晨起服药组和夜间服药组,分别于每日8:00和20:00服用依那普利叶酸片,在治疗前和治疗2周后进行动态血压监测,比较服药前后血压昼夜节律的变化以及对血浆Hcy水平的影响。结果与晨起服药相比,夜间服用依那普利叶酸片具有同样良好的降压效果(P0.05)。与晨起服药相比,夜间服用依那普利叶酸片能有效改善高龄老年患者血压的非杓型血压节律,杓型血压所占的比例分别为53.6%、17.3%(P0.05)。治疗后,晨起服药组与夜间服药组的Hcy水平(16.31±1.74μmol/L vs. 17.13±2.31μmol/L)比较,无显著统计学差异(P0.05)。结论对于高龄老年H型高血压患者,夜间服用依那普利叶酸片同样可以有效控制血压,降低Hcy水平,纠正非杓型血压节律。     

坎地沙坦时间治疗学对非杓型高血压的影响

目的观察坎地沙坦不同给药时间对非杓型高血压患者血压水平及血压昼夜节律的影响。方法选择经24h动态血压监测属于非杓型高血压的需要药物治疗的1级高血压患者106例,随机（电脑随机数字表法）分为A组（早晨7：00服药）和B组（晚上7：00服药）。两组均选用坎地沙坦4mg,用药8周后观察用药前后24h动态血压参数,比较两组血压昼夜节律的变化。结果两组治疗前后血压比较,24h收缩压、24h舒张压、白昼收缩压、白昼舒张压、夜问收缩压、夜间舒张压均有明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组治疗后24h舒张压、白昼收缩压、白昼舒张压、夜间舒张压比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。B组治疗后24h收缩压、夜间收缩压比A组改善明显,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论早晨或夜间服用坎地沙坦均能有效降低非杓型高血压的血压水平及改善血压昼夜节律,但夜间服药组在控制夜间收缩压和纠正血压昼夜节律方面更有优势。     

氢氯噻嗪联合盐酸贝那普利对非杓型高血压患者血压水平的影响

目的按照时间治疗学原则,探讨不同时间服用氢氯噻嗪和盐酸贝那普利对新发1级、2级非杓型高血压患者血压水平的影响。方法对62例非杓型高血压患者随机分为早氢氯噻嗪+早盐酸贝那普利组(早早组)和早氢氯噻嗪+晚盐酸贝那普利组(早晚组),共治疗8周。服药前后进行诊室血压测量和动态血压监测,观察药物对血压水平及血压昼夜节律的影响。结果治疗后两组诊室收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05);两组间诊室SBP和DBP在治疗前后差异无统计学意义。动态血压结果显示,两组患者的24 hSBP和24 hDBP水平均较治疗前有明显下降(P<0.01)。早晚组患者的夜间SBP和DBP达标率明显高于早早组(P<0.01)。在血压昼夜节律纠正方面,早早组将非杓型纠正为杓型血压的比例为20%,早晚组将非杓型纠正为杓型的比例为40%(P<0.01)。结论对于新发1级和2级非杓型高血压患者,联合服用氢氯噻嗪和盐酸贝那普利可以有效控制血压。晚上服用盐酸贝那普利可以较好地纠正夜间的高负荷血压,维持正常的昼夜变化节律。     

雷米普利不同给药时间对血压昼夜节律的影响

目的观察不同时间服用雷米普利对患者血压水平及异常血压昼夜节律(非杓型)的作用,探讨患者最佳服药方式。方法选择非杓型高血压患者144例,随机分为晨起服药组和睡前服药组,晨起服药组7∶00,睡前服药组晚8∶00早给予雷米普利5 mg/d口服,分别于6个月、12个月复查24 h动态血压监测。观察两组血压变化、恢复杓型血压节律情况及晨峰血压。结果两组用药后24 h平均收缩压(SBP)及舒张压(DBP)均低于用药前(P0.05),但睡前服药组较晨起服药组晨峰血压下降更明显(P0.05)。结论不同时间服用雷米普利均能达到降压效果,但非杓型高血压患者夜间服药有利于恢复杓型血压节律,控制血压晨峰现象。     

坎地沙坦不同给药时间对非杓型高血压患者血压水平及血压昼夜节律的影响

目的研究坎地沙坦不同给药时间对非杓型高血压患者血压昼夜节律与血压水平的影响。方法将156例非杓型高血压患者随机分为:A组和B组,两组患者均给予口服坎地沙坦治疗,每天4mg。但A组患者早晨7:30服药,B组晚间7:30服药,治疗8周。治疗前后检测并比较两组患者24小时动态血压值及血压的昼夜节律变化。结果两组患者治疗前后24小时平均收缩压、白昼平均收缩压、夜间平均收缩压、24小时平均舒张压、白昼平均舒张压和夜间平均舒张压均显著下降(P0.05),且B组24h平均收缩压和夜间平均收缩压比A组下降更为显著,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后两组血压昼夜节律均得到改善,B组夜间血压降低有效率显著高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论晚夜服用坎地沙坦对非杓型高血压患者降压效果及血压昼夜节律调节作用更好。     

厄贝沙坦对中老年非杓型高血压及脉压的作用

目的 观察不同时间服用血管紧张素受体拮抗剂（ARB）对中老年非杓型高血压的降压疗效及血压昼夜节律的作用.方法 采用90217型无创动态血压监测仪监测动态血压,筛选出120例中老年非杓型高血压患者,按随机区组设计原则分为厄贝沙坦晨服组与晚服组,分别于7：00-8：00和19：00-20：00口服厄贝沙坦150 mg,共治疗8周,观察24 h动态血压,对两组治疗前后24 h平均血压,白天、夜间平均血压进行统计学分析.结果 对控制夜间高血压及纠正昼夜节律变化晚服组与晨服组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）.结论 对于非杓型中老年高血压患者,厄贝沙坦在晚上服用可以较好地控制夜间高血压负荷,纠正昼夜节律变化,提高夜间血压达标率.     

Differences in exercise blood pressure response between dipper and non-dipper elderly patients with essential hypertension

We evaluated the circadian variation and exercise stress response patterns of blood pressure (BP) in elderly patients with essential hypertension. Ambulatory BP monitoring for 48 hours every 30 minutes, and treadmill exercise test using a Bruce protocol at PM 3 to 5 were performed in 49 untreated patients with hypertension. Mean daytime (awake), and night-time (sleeping) systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) values were analyzed by reviewing the patients' diaries, and the nocturnal reduction rate (NRR) of SBP and DBP were calculated according to the following formula. NRR (%) = [(daytime mean-nighttime mean)/daytime mean] x 100. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence (dipper, n = 25) or absence (non-dipper, n = 24) of a reduction in both SBP and DBP during the night by an average of more than 10% of the daytime BP. Mean values of SBP and DBP measured over 48 hours in the dipper and non-dipper groups were similar. Responses of SBP to dynamic exercise at 2 to 5 minutes in the non-dipper group were significantly smaller than those in the dipper group (p < 0.05). Non-dipper patients with hypertension responded to dynamic exercise stress with smaller increases in SBP than did those in the dipper group. The differences in BP responses to exercise may affect the circadian blood pressure profile in dipper and non-dipper elderly patients with essential hypertension.     

高龄原发性高血压患者动态血压节律异常与靶器官损害关系的研究

目的探讨高龄原发性高血压患者动态血压特点及其与靶器官受损程度的关系。方法对80例年龄≥80岁的高血压患者进行24 h动态血压监测,根据夜间血压下降率分为杓型组38例和非杓型组42例,比较2组惠者收缩压、舒张压、血压负荷值及靶器官受损的情况。结果与杓型组比较,非杓型组24 h、昼间和夜间收缩压均明显升高(P<0.05),非杓型组和杓型组24 h收缩压负荷值分别为(72.0±11.0)%vs(32.0±8.0)%,P<0.01。非杓型组服用降压药的种类数、冠心病、缺血性脑卒中、肾功能不全及外周动脉疾病的比例显著高于杓型组(P<0.05)。结论高龄非杓型高血压患者的平均收缩压、收缩压负荷及靶器官损害发生率明显高于杓型患者,这类高血压患者更需合理控制血压。     

The impact of dipper and non-dipper characteristics in the fluctuation of arterial blood pressure. A study of a population of 484 diabetic patients

Abnormal pattern of circadian blood pressure variations carries a high risk of cardiovascular complications. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of abnormal blood pressure rhythm in diabetes and its consequences on micro and macrovascular complications. 484 diabetes mellitus patients were submitted to 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. They were divided into two groups according to the absence (non-dipper: group 1; n = 167) or presence (dipper: group 2; n = 317) of nocturnal BP reduction = 10% of daytime BP. Following data were collected and compared between these two groups: body mass index, glycated haemoglobin, urinary albumin excretion, research of retinopathy by fundoscopy, tests for presence of a macrovascular disease. There were no significant differences among the two groups in sex, body mass index, type and duration of diabetes and glycemic control. Clinical SBP and DBP did not differ from significant manner between non-dipper and dipper (140 +/- 18/81 +/- 1 versus 138 +/- 19/81 +/- 10 mmHg). Non-dipper 24-h SBP and 24-h DBP were higher than those of dipper (129 +/- 16/76 +/- 9 versus 122 +/- 15/73 +/- 8 mmHg; p < 0.001). Non-dipper were older than dipper (59.9 +/- 13 versus 55.8 +/- 15 years; p < 0.001) and there was more hypertensive patients in group 1 than in group 2 (50% versus 39%; p < 0.01). Macro- and microvascular diabetes complications were more common in non-dipper. In conclusion high blood pressure is frequently observed in diabetic patients. Its association with a diminished nocturnal BP fall could explain a higher risk of complications, especially retinopathy, nephropathy and cardiac events.     

老年高血压患者动态血压负荷和脉搏波传导速度的相关性研究

目的探讨老年高血压患者24 h动态血压负荷与颈桡动脉脉搏波传导速度(crPWV)的相关性。方法选取60～79岁的老年原发性高血压患者187例,对所有入选对象进行24 h动态血压监测,根据获取的24 h动态血压监测参数分为杓型组90例与非杓型组97例,选择同期体检人群82例为正常对照组。所有受试者行24 h动态血压监测,应用脉搏波速度测定仪测定crPWV,并进行分析。结果杓型组及非杓型组24 h、昼间及夜间收缩压、舒张压负荷均显著高于正常对照组(P<0.01)。非杓型组夜间血压负荷较杓型组升高(P<0.05)。杓型组及非杓型组crPWV均较正常对照组升高(P<0.05)。控制性别、年龄因素后,老年高血压患者24 h收缩压、夜间收缩压负荷、昼间舒张压负荷是crPWV影响的主要因素。结论老年高血压患者动态血压负荷升高,大动脉顺应性降低,其中24 h收缩压、夜间收缩压负荷、昼间舒张压负荷是影响大动脉顺应性的主要危险因素。     

血压节律异常对颈动脉内中膜厚度及左心室肥厚的影响

目的探讨老年原发性高血压病患者血压昼夜节律异常对颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)及左心室肥厚(LVH)的影响。方法连续入选280例老年原发性高血压病患者,采集24h动态血压监测(ABPM)、颈动脉超声和超声心动图指标,根据血压昼夜节律及收缩压昼夜差百分比(ΔSBP%)分为4组,杓型组(n=125):ΔSBP%≥10%但20%;非杓型组(n=92):ΔSBP%≥0%但10%;反杓型组(n=41):ΔSBP%0%;超杓型组(n=22):ΔSBP%≥20%。比较分析4组患者间双侧颈动脉IMT增厚及左心室肥厚发生率。结果 4组患者颈动脉IMT增厚发生率由低到高依次为杓型组44.0%、非杓型组58.7%、超杓型组77.3%、反杓型组80.5%,组间比较有显著统计学差异(P0.01)。4组患者左心室肥厚发生率由低到高依次为杓型组30.4%、非杓型组44.6%、超杓型组50.0%、反杓型组61.0%,组间比较有显著统计学差异(P0.01)。4组间颈动脉IMT增厚合并左心室肥厚发生率由低到高依次为杓型组20.8%、非杓型组34.8%、超杓型组40.9%、反杓型组48.8%比较,组间比较有显著统计学差异(P0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析显示低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹血糖对血压昼夜节律形态学特征具有独立预测的能力(P0.05)。结论老年高血压患者随形态节律异常严重程度增加,颈动脉硬化、左心室肥厚发生率显著增高。     

Clinical trial of arotinolol in the treatment of hypertension: dippers vs. non-dippers.

To compare the effects of an alpha, beta blocker, arotinolol, in the treatment of essential hypertension between patients with a dipper and those with a non-dipper profile by means of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), a multicenter single blind parallel trial was carried out in five clinical centers. After a one-week single blind placebo run-in period, the patients underwent ABPM if their clinic diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ranged from 90-109 mmHg and their clinic systolic blood pressure (SBP) was <180 mmHg. They were divided into two groups according to the absence (non-dipper group, 24 cases) or presence (dipper group, 23 cases) of nocturnal BP reduction > or =10% of daytime BP. ABPM was measured again at the end of the active treatment phase. All patients were given Arotinolol 10-20 mg twice daily for 4 weeks. Twenty four-hour systolic and diastolic average BPs (MSBP, MDBP), 24-h systolic and diastolic blood pressure load (LS BP, LDBP), daytime systolic and diastolic average BPs (dMSBP, dMDBP), daytime systolic and diastolic blood pressure load (dLSBP, dLDBP), nighttime systolic and diastolic average BPs (nMSBP, nMDBP) and nighttime systolic and diastolic blood pressure load (nLSBP, nLDBP) were calculated. Arotinolol was effective in 78.2% of dippers and 54.2% of non-dippers, but the difference in effectiveness between these groups was not statistically significant. After treatment, SBP and DBP-including 24-h, daytime and nighttime systolic and diastolic BPs- were significantly reduced in both groups. During the daytime period, the systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly reduced in both dippers and non-dippers, while nighttime systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly reduced only in the non-dipper group. No significant changes were found in the dipper group over this period. In conclusion, Arotinolol, which can be dosed twice daily, is an effective antihypertensive agent which effectively lowers blood pressure during the day while reducing nighttime blood pressure more in non-dippers than in dippers, without excessive lowering blood pressure in the latter.     

老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的探讨老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性。方法2003￣2004年来我院老年高血压患者共72例(男68例女4例),根据动态血压监测(ABPM)结果分为正常昼夜节律组,即杓型组(n=37,男35例女2例)和异常昼夜节律组,即非杓型组(n=35,男33例女2例)。对所有患者均行颈动脉超声检查,测定右侧颈总动脉(RCCA)、颈内动脉(RICA)内膜中层厚度(IMT)、管腔内径(D),并计算各自的IMT/D值,测定右侧颈动脉分叉处(RBIF)的IMT,观察并记录双侧颈动脉系统斑块的大小、数量。结果(1)两组年龄(Age)、体重指数(BMI)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、全天平均收缩压(24hMSP)、全天平均舒张压(24hMDP)比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。(2)两组的RCCA及RICA的IMT、D、IMT/D比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。而右颈动脉分叉处IMT,非杓型组明显高于杓型组(P<0.001)。(3)两组总斑块检出率无显著差异,但多发性斑块检出率非杓型组显著高于杓型组(P<0.05)。结论老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律与颈动脉粥样硬化明显相关,异常的血压昼夜节律提示可能存在更严重的靶器官损害。