兰州市西固区大气污染对小学生肺通气功能的影响

目的了解兰州市西固区大气污染对小学生肺通气功能的影响。方法于2013年9—11月,采用随机整群抽样的方法抽取兰州市西固区和榆中县的1 499名3~6年级小学生(西固区672名,榆中县827名)为研究对象,进行肺功能测定和问卷调查。结果 2013年西固区大气SO_2、NO_2、CO、PM2.5、PM10日均浓度高于榆中县,西固区大气PM2.5、PM10超标率高于榆中县,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与榆中县相比,西固区小学生FFEVl%、FEV1/FVC%的均值分别降低4.64%和9.97%,肺功能异常及阻塞性肺通气功能障碍发生的OR值分别为1.528和2.713,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析调整混杂因素后,西固区小学生肺功能异常及阻塞性肺通气功能障碍发生的危险性是榆中县的1.704、3.392倍(P0.05)。结论西固区小学生肺功能下降,主要表现为阻塞性肺通气功能障碍,可能与该地区较严重的大气污染有关。     

不同大气污染程度对小学生肺通气功能的影响

目的探讨大气污染对小学生肺通气功能的影响,为研究环境与健康的关系提供依据.方法在唐山市工业区、清洁区、商业区、交通区共选取小学生906名为研究对象,进行肺通气功能的测定和问卷调查.结果在均衡了4个区小学生的个人生理因素和室内空气污染因素后,工业区小学生肺活量(VC)、用力肺活量(FVC)、1 s用力呼气容积(FEV)的异常率、商业区小学生FEV的异常率、交通区小学生FVC、FEV的异常率均高于清洁区(P＜0.05).结论交通区、商业区、工业区大气污染已对小学生肺通气功能产生了影响.     

大气污染对小学生肺通气功能及非特异免疫功能影响研究

目的探讨大气质量对小学生肺通气功能及健康状况的影响,为控制空气污染对学生健康的影响提供依据。方法在唐山市工业区、清洁区、商业区、交通区共选取1 332名小学生为研究对象,进行肺通气功能、非特异免疫功能、因病缺课率的测定和调查。结果在均衡了小学生的个人生理因素、家庭因素和室内空气污染因素后,工业区小学生肺活量(VC)、用力肺活量(FVC)1、s用力呼气容积(FEV)异常率、商业区小学生FEV异常率、交通区小学生FVC和FEV异常率均高于清洁区(P<0.05),且SIgA水平高于清洁区(P<0.05),唾液溶菌酶差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);工业区、商业区、交通区、清洁区小学生因病缺课率分别为32.6%,30.2%,40.1%,24.8%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论大气污染可使小学生因病缺课率增加,肺通气功能受损,SIgA水平升高。     

兰州市城关区大气污染对儿童呼吸系统疾病和症状的影响

目的了解兰州市城关区大气污染对儿童呼吸系统疾病和症状的影响。方法于2013年9—11月,采用随机整群抽样的方法抽取兰州市城关区和榆中县的2 016名学龄期儿童(城关区1 087名,榆中县929名)为研究对象,采用美国流行病学标准问卷(ATS-DLD-78-C)进行呼吸系统疾病和症状发生情况调查。结果 2013年城关区大气SO2、NO2、PM2.5、PM10日均浓度均高于榆中县,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。城关区儿童感冒时咳嗽、不感冒时咳嗽、感冒时咯痰、不感冒时咯痰、鼻炎、支气管炎、肺炎、哮喘等8种呼吸系统疾病和症状的发病危险性分别是榆中县的1.563、1.606、2.055、1.849、2.786、2.514、1.976、2.599倍,均有统计学意义(P0.05)。采用多因素logistic回归分析调整年龄、厨房燃料、冬季采暖方式等混杂因素后,与榆中县比较,城关区儿童感冒时咳嗽、不感冒时咳嗽、感冒时咯痰、鼻炎、支气管炎、肺炎等疾病和症状发生的危险性均较高,OR值(95%CI)分别为1.571(1.273~1.938),1.568(1.028~2.391),2.026(1.580~2.597),2.136(1.430~3.192),2.142(1.463~3.136),1.741(1.190~2.548),均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论城关区儿童部分呼吸系统疾病和症状发生率高于榆中县,可能与城关区大气污染有关。     

不同大气污染水平对学龄儿童肺通气功能影响

目的 了解珠海市大气污染对学龄儿童肺功能的影响。方法 2016年11月采用随机整群抽样方法抽取珠海市香洲区（空气污染区）A校和斗门区（对照区）B校3~5年级小学生进行问卷调查和肺功能检测,并收集距离学校最近的环保监测站点污染物浓度资料,对污染水平与肺功能进行分析。结果 2016年珠海市A监测点PM_10、PM_2.5、NO₂日均浓度超过二级标准限值的天数分别为33、5、11 d,B监测点PM_2.5、NO₂日均浓度超过二级标准限值的天数分别为7、5 d。A、B校均为149人,2校学生平均年龄、平均身高和平均体重差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）,性别构成差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。共有71例学生检出肺通气功能异常,异常发生率为23.8%,小气道功能异常例数为37例,异常发生率为12.4% ,A校学生小气道功能异常率高于B校（P<0.01）。综合调整年龄、性别、身高、体重等影响因素后,A校儿童小气道功能异常发生风险是B校的2.587倍。结论 珠海市香洲区儿童肺功能下降与大气污染有关,主要表现为小气道功能异常。     

大气污染对儿童肺通气功能及唾液溶菌酶含量的影响

目的探讨哈尔滨市大气污染对儿童唾液溶菌酶含量及肺功能的影响。方法于2014—2015年在哈尔滨市两个城区测定大气PM2.5浓度,分别在距离监测点500~1 000 m处选择1所小学,对602名儿童进行肺功能、唾液溶菌酶测定及问卷调查。结果污染区(道外区)儿童唾液溶菌酶含量及肺功能指标最大通气量(MVV)低于清洁区(道里区),阻塞指数(OI)高于清洁区,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。污染区不同年级儿童肺活量(VC)、用力肺活量(FVC)、中间呼气流量(MMF)、峰值流量(PEF)、75%用力呼气流量(FEF75)、MVV等肺功能指标随着年级的增加而升高,清洁区不同年级儿童VC、FVC、1 s用力呼气容积(FEV1)、OI、MVV等肺功能指标随着年级的增加而升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。污染区儿童唾液溶菌酶含量均低于同年级的清洁区儿童;污染区3年级儿童肺功能指标OI高于清洁区,MVV低于清洁区;污染区4年级儿童肺功能指标VC、FVC、FEV1、FEF75、MVV均低于清洁区;污染区5年级儿童肺功能指标FVC低于清洁区;上述差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。污染区男生肺功能指标VC、FVC、FEV1、MMF、PEF、FEF75、MVV均高于女生,OI低于女生,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。清洁区男生肺功能指标VC、FEV1、MMF、PEF、FEF75、MVV均高于女生,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。污染区儿童唾液溶菌酶含量均低于清洁区同性别学生;污染区男生肺功能指标OI低于清洁区,污染区女生肺功能指标FVC、MVV低于清洁区;上述差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。偏相关分析结果显示,大气PM2.5浓度与唾液溶菌酶含量呈负相关,与肺功能指标VC、FVC、MVV呈负相关,与OI呈正相关,均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论大气污染可降低唾液溶菌酶含量及儿童肺通气功能,应注意防范。     

大气污染与小学生因病缺课和肺通气功能、非特异免疫功能关系研究

目的：探讨大气污染对小学生因病缺课、肺通气功能、非特异免疫功能的影响及其相互关系。方法：在唐山市工业区、清洁区、商业区、交通区共选取1332名小学生为研究对象，进行因病缺课率、肺通气功能、非特异免疫功能的问卷调查和测定。结果：在均衡了4区小学生的个人生理因素、家庭因素和室内空气污染因素后，工业区、商业区、交通区、清洁区因病缺课率分别为32．6％、30．2％、40．1％、24．8％（P〈0．01）；工业区小学生VC、FVC、FEV的异常率、商业区小学生FEV的异常率、交通区小学生FVC、FEV的异常率均高于清洁区（P〈0．05）。SIgA水平高于清洁区（P〈0．05），唾液溶菌酶差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；相关分析显示因病缺课与MVV、VC、FVC、FEV负相关（P〈0.05，或P〈0．01），与大气污染程度、SIgA正相关（P〈0．01），溶菌酶和MVV、VC、FEV正相关，和V25、V50、V75、V25～75负相关；SlgA和MVV、FEV正相关，和V25、V50、V75、V25～75负相关。结论：大气污染可使小学生因病缺课率增加、肺通气功能受损、SIgA水平升高；因病缺课率与大气污染、肺通气功能、SIgA存在密切关系（P〈0．05）。     

大气污染对小学生非特异性免疫功能的影响

目的探讨大气污染对小学生非特异性免疫功能的影响。方法选择唐山市工业区、清洁区、商业区、交通区7～14岁小学生共576人进行唾液溶菌酶和分泌型免疫球蛋白(SIgA)的测定。结果清洁区、交通区、商业区、工业区小学生的SIgA水平随大气污染程度加重,而逐渐升高(P<0.05)。但4个功能区小学生唾液溶菌酶水平差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论大气污染程度与反映小学生非特异性免疫功能的唾液SIgA有一定关联。     

甘肃省民勤县小学生肺通气功能及影响因素分析

<正>目前关于长期生活在沙尘天气高发区儿童肺功能状况的研究尚未见报道。民勤县是我国最干旱、荒漠化危害最严重的地区之一,也是沙尘天气高发区域之一~([1])。本研究通过采用肺功能检查和国际标准问卷(ATS-DLD-78-C)调查民勤县小学生肺功能,并对相关因素进行分析,为促进该地区儿童肺功能健康发育提供科学依据。对象和方法1.研究对象于2016年4月至5月,采用随机整群抽样的方法,抽取民勤县3所小学3~6年级的学     

沙尘天气高发区小学生肺通气功能研究

目的了解沙尘天气高发区儿童肺通气功能状况。方法于2016年4—5月在甘肃省民勤县(沙尘高发区)和平凉市(对照区)采用随机整群抽样的方法选择3～6年级小学生1 702名和1 796名进行肺功能检查和问卷调查。结果沙尘高发区小学生FVC(2.35 L)、FEV1(1.92 L)、FEV1%(89.43%)均低于对照区(FVC:2.39 L;FEV1:2.05 L;FEV1%:93.53%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);沙尘高发区小学生阻塞性、限制性肺通气功能损伤及肺功能异常风险均高于的对照区[OR(95%CI):4.696(3.820～5.773),1.494(1.244～1.794),2.572(2.281～2.900)];控制混杂因素后,logistic回归分析显示上述效应的校正OR(95%CI)值分别为6.036(4.705～7.745)、1.540(1.248～1.900)、1.731(1.372～2.183)。结论沙尘高发区小学生肺功能降低,主要表现为阻塞性肺通气功能损伤。     

深圳市空气污染对学龄儿童肺功能的影响

目的了解深圳市大气污染对学龄儿童肺通气功能的影响。方法于2014年11—12月,采用随机整群抽样的方法抽取深圳市龙岗区和南山区各1所小学(A和B)3~5年级学生298人(龙岗区159人,南山区139人),进行肺功能检查和问卷调查。结果两区主要是大气污染物PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)和NO_2超过国家空气质量二级标准,位于南山区的B校周围PM_(10)、O_3-1h和SO_2平均浓度高于龙岗区的A校,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01);南山区儿童FEV1/FVC、FEF75%和FEF25%均低于龙岗区,在控制了年龄、性别、身高、体重等影响因素后,空气污染仍对以上肺功能指标具有显著影响(P0.01);南山区儿童小气道功能障碍发生率明显高于龙岗区(OR=3.744,P0.05),但肺通气功能障碍发生率并没有明显差异(OR=0.754,P0.05)。结论深圳市南山区儿童肺功能下降与大气污染有关,主要表现为小气道功能障碍,应继续加强对儿童肺功能的监测,并采取有效措施,保护儿童呼吸系统健康。     

Effects of winter air pollution on pulmonary function of school children in Shenyang, China

To assess the effects of air pollution associated with coal heating in winter on pulmonary function of school children, pulmonary function tests (FVC, FEV(1.0), PEF, FEF(75)) of 332 children in Shenyang, located in the northeast of China, were done four times between October 2001 and June 2002. The collected airborne particulate matter (PM) was analyzed for the concentrations of total suspended particles (TSP), PM of less than 7 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM(7)), and PM of less than 2.1 microm (PM(2.1)). All four pulmonary function tests were completed in 244 school children. The airborne PM concentration was higher in April 2002 (end of heating) than in October 2001 (prior to heating). All four pulmonary function indices, adjusted for age and height, were significantly lower in April 2002 than in October 2001; the FEV(1.0) was lower in boys (0.233l, 95% CI: 0.167-0.299l) and girls (0.222l, 95% CI: 0.165-0.280l). The decrease continued to be significant in June 2002 compared to October 2001. The decreases in FEV and FEV(1.0) were also significantly associated with airborne PM concentration, which had a delayed effect on pulmonary function. An increase from the 25th to the 75th percentile of TSP, PM(7) and PM(2.1) was associated with a delayed decrease in FEV(1.0); 0.059l (95% CI: 0.020-0.106l), 0.095l (95% CI: 0.057-0.139l) and 0.110l (95% CI: 0.072-0.147l) in boys, and 0.066l (95% CI: 0.026-0.106l), 0.101l (95% CI: 0.063-0.139l) and 0.114l (95% CI: 0.080-0.152l) in girls, respectively. Our findings show that airborne PM might have a subacute effect on pulmonary function in children in Shenyang, and that PM(7) and PM(2.1) have more adverse effects on pulmonary function than TSP. The effects of airborne PM appear to be prolonged.     

Effects of air pollution on adult pulmonary function

We conducted a study in three representative areas of Beijing to determine respiratory health effects of indoor and outdoor air pollution. In August 1986, we measured the lung function of 1,440 adults who were 40-69 y of age and who had never smoked. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1.0) were adjusted for height, sex, and age. Outdoor ambient air pollution measurements from the World Health Organization Global Air Pollution Monitoring Station were very different in the three study areas; the annual mean concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in residential, suburban, and industrial areas were 128, 18, and 57 micrograms/m3, respectively, and annual mean concentrations of total suspended particulate matter (TSPM) were 389, 261, and 449 micrograms/m3, respectively. Coal was most frequently used for domestic heating in the residential (92%) and suburban (96%) areas compared with the industrial area (17%). Heating with coal was associated with a reduced FEV1.0 (-91 +/- 36 ml) and FVC (-84 +/- 41 ml). Living in the residential area was associated with an additional reduction in FEV1.0 (-69 +/- 34 ml) and FVC (-257 +/- 37 ml). After we adjusted for age, height, and sex, an inverse linear association was found between In outdoor SO2 (or TSPM) concentration and FEV1.0 and FVC in subjects who had and had not used coal stove heating. Regression analysis results showed that a per-unit increase in In SO2 (TSPM) concentration (microgram/m3) could result in a 35.6 (131.4) ml reduction in FEV1.0 and a 142.2 (478.7) ml reduction in FVC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effects of ambient air pollution on pulmonary function among schoolchildren

Literature has shown adverse effects of ambient air pollution exposure on various asthma related outcomes in childhood. However, the associated evidence on pulmonary function effects is still inconsistent.We conducted a population-based study comprised of seventh-grade children in 14 Taiwanese communities. Pulmonary function tests and questionnaires were completed on 3957 subjects. We evaluated the effects of ambient air pollution exposures based on the data collected in 2005–2007 by existing air monitoring stations. Multiple linear mixed effect models were fitted to estimate the relationship between community pollutant levels and pulmonary function indices. After adjustment for individual-level confounders, pulmonary function differed only slightly between communities with different levels of air pollution. We found greater effects of ambient air pollutants on pulmonary function for boys than for girls. Among boys, traffic-related pollutants CO, NOx, NO₂, and NO were generally associated with chronic adverse effects on FVC and FEV₁, and subchronic adverse effects mainly on maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) and peak expiratory flow rate. Among girls, only NOx and NO₂ showed subchronic adverse effects on MMEF. Although effect estimates of SO₂, PM₁₀, and PM_2.5 were generally negative for boys, none achieved statistical significance.Our data suggests that ambient traffic-related pollution had chronic adverse effects on pulmonary function in schoolchildren, especially for boys.     

Indoor air pollution and pulmonary function growth in preadolescent children

Results are reported from a study of the association between exposure to sidestream cigarette smoke or gas stove emissions and pulmonary function level and growth rate of 7,834 children seen at 2-5 annual visits between the ages of 6-10 years. Children whose mothers smoked one pack of cigarettes per day had levels of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) at age eight that were 0.81% lower than children of nonsmoking mothers (p less than 0.0001), and FEV1 growth rates approximately 0.17% per year lower (p = 0.05). For a child of age eight with an FEV1 of 1.62 liters, this corresponds to a deficit in rate of change of FEV1 of approximately 3 ml/annum and a deficit of 13 ml at age eight. Children whose mothers smoked one pack per day had levels of forced vital capacity (FVC) at age eight that were 0.33% higher than children of nonsmokers (p = 0.12); however, their growth rates of FVC were 0.17% per year lower (p = 0.04). Because few mothers changed their smoking habits during the course of the study, it was not possible to determine whether the difference in rate of growth was due to current exposure or to an effect of prenatal and early childhood exposure on the course of development. The magnitude of the effect on FEV1 is consistent with deficits in FEV1 of up to 3% in early adult life due to childhood exposure to sidestream cigarette smoke. The importance of this relatively small effect will be evaluated further through follow-up of these children as they are exposed to other risk factors such as personal active smoking. The data provide some evidence for an association between gas stove exposure and pulmonary function level, especially at younger ages, but no evidence for an effect of gas stove exposure on growth rate.     

Effects of air pollution episodes on pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms

In January 1985, a decline of primary school children's pulmonary function was observed during an air pollution episode. Ambient 24 hour average levels of SO2, TSP and RSP were in the range of 200-250 micrograms/m3. The response persisted for at least two weeks. In January 1987, again a decline of school children's pulmonary function was observed associated with an air pollution episode. Levels of TSP were about as elevated as in the 1985 episode. Two weeks after the episode, lung function levels were even lower than during the episode. In June 1987 a long term study was started to investigate potential effects of winter and summer air pollution episodes on pulmonary function and occurrence of acute respiratory symptoms of primary school children. An important issue for this study is the characterization of short term variation of lung function in absence of air pollution. Exposure is characterized by ambient levels of several gases (SO2, NO2, O3, HNO3), PM10, TSP and components of particulate matter (SO4(2-), NO3-, H-, NH4+). Sampling is being conducted on a daily basis to obtain a continuous exposure estimate. In the winter of 1987/1988, no air pollution episodes were observed. The study will continue through the winters of 1988/1989, and 1989/1990.     

煤烟型大气污染对儿童肺功能的影响

为观察煤烟型大气污染对儿童健康的影响 ,选择了太原市 3个污染程度不同地区的 45 0名儿童进行肺功能测试和问卷调查。研究结果显示 ,儿童呼吸功能表现为重度污染区 <中度污染区 <相对清洁区 ;肺通气功能阻塞性异常率表现为重度污染区 >中度污染区 >相对清洁区 ;Logistic回归分析发现肺通气功能阻塞性异常率与小学生家庭的取暖方式、厨房和卧室是否分开以及污染物的水平有关 ;多元线性回归分析显示重度污染区儿童的FVC、FEF5 0与相对清洁区相比分别减少了 65 80ml、119 2 7ml,中度污染区儿童的FVC、FEF5 0与相对清洁区相比分别减少了 5 7 2 8ml和 114 2 9ml;Ln(SO2 )每升高一个单位 ,FVC和FEF5 0分别减少69 10ml和 119 79ml,Ln(PM1 0 )每升高一个单位 ,FVC、FEF5 0等分别减少了 193 5 0ml和 171 69ml。结果提示 ,太原市煤烟型大气污染对儿童呼吸系统产生了危害。     

南宁市空气污染水平不同的两区儿童肺功能及其影响因素的研究

目的 比较南宁市不同空气污染水平地区儿童肺功能的差异,探讨肺功能的影响相关因素。方法 按整群抽样方法,在南宁市青秀区和西乡塘区各选1所小学（A校和B校）3～4年级的儿童共537人作为研究对象,进行肺功能测试和问卷调查。结果 两区大气首要污染物都为PM2.5和PM10,青秀区A校周围大气中PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2年均浓度低于西乡塘区B校（P＜0.05）;控制年龄、身高、体重等因素后,青秀区A校女生FVC、FEV1.0、PEF、FEF25%～75%、FEF25%和FEF50%实测值均高于西乡塘区B校,A校男生FEV1.0实测值也高于B校,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;学校所在地区、房屋1年内购置大件家具、房屋3年内装修、房屋内饲养宠物和使用空气净化器是影响儿童肺功能的主要因素（P＜0.05）。结论 南宁市空气污染与儿童肺功能下降有关,且女生较男生对空气污染物更敏感;室内空气质量也是影响儿童肺功能的重要因素,空气净化器的使用对儿童肺功能有保护作用。