术中内镜诊断下消化道出血8例报告

自１９９０年５月至１９９８年２月,作者医院对５例急性下消化道大出血及３例慢性或间歇性下消化道出血病人作了术中内镜检查,均发现出血病灶,并经病理切片明确诊断,报告如下。１临床资料本组男女各４例,年龄３２～６５岁,平均４９６岁。临床诊断急性下消化道大出...     

С����Ѫ67�����η���

目的 探讨小肠出血的原因、诊断和治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析1988～1998年经手术及病理证实的小肠出血67例的临床资料。结果 小肠出血原因中肿瘤占首位(29例)，良、恶性肿瘤差异不明显，其他原因依次为炎性肠病(15例)、小肠憩室(12例)、血管病变(7例)及家族性肠息肉病(4例)。67例病人均经手术治疗，以肠段切除为主要手术方法。结论 小肠气钡双重造影、选择性肠系膜血管造影及核素扫描为诊断小肠出血的主要手段，对常规检查难以确诊且又高度怀疑小肠出血的病人可采用剖腹探查。     

����ԭ������������Ѫ���β���

1 概述 不明原因的消化道出血(obscure gastrointestinal bleed-ing,OGIB)是指经胃镜、结肠镜和(或)x线小肠钡餐未能发现出血部位和病因的持续或反复的消化道出血.一般将出血位于Treitz韧带以下的小肠、结肠和直肠疾病所引起的肠道出血称为下消化道出血,约占消化道出血的15%.     

下消化道出血原因不明时手术探查中的诊断方法

下消化道出血原因不明时手术探查中的诊断方法上海第二医科大学附属仁济医院２００００１王平治下消化道出血的临床表现以便血为主，根据出血量的多少，可分为慢性出血和急性大量出血。下消化道大量出血，发病率较上消化道低，但少数病例，诊断极为困难，因为弓愧下消化道...     

术中内镜在急性下消化道出血中的应用

急性下消化道出血，有时来势凶险，直接威胁病人的生命。如何明确病因，准确判断出血部位，对及时手术治疗极为重要。我院自1996-2003年对术前及术中未能明确诊断的急性下消化道出血11例患者，采用术中内镜检查，取得了良好的效果。现报道如下。     

���г�����ҽԴ�����˵�Ԥ���ʹ���

自Langenbuch（1888）报道为肝肿瘤病人试行肝左外叶切除以来，肝脏外科已有百余年历史。从20世纪70年代开始，我国肝脏外科得到迅速发展，许多医院相继开展了肝脏外科手术。目前我国的肝脏外科已居世界领先水平，不仅肝叶切除例数居世界第1位，且手术死亡率已降至5％以下。施行肝叶切除最多的单位是第二军医大学东方肝胆外科医院，     

θ���������Ի�������������й�����

胃癌术后出现梗阻性黄疸并非罕见，除医源性损伤外，多为胃癌术后复发所致，其原因较为复杂，我们认为以下因素均可能导致癌瘤复发时并发梗阻性黄疸：(1)首次手术消化道重建时采用Billroth I式吻合，肿瘤复发常可浸润到肝门部和肝十二指肠韧带；(2)近端胃癌根治术后残胃癌可侵犯肝十二指肠韧带，十二指肠或胰头部；(3)     

内镜下喉部手术的麻醉体会

随着各种内镜在临床手术中的普遍应用，使许多手术变得简单化，但给麻醉工作带来了一定难度。我院近两年来对46例在局麻下难以完成的内镜下喉部手术的患者在全麻下进行内镜手术治疗，取得了较好的效果，现报告如下。     

少见病因致下消化道大出血的外科处理：附14例报告

报告14例少见病因致下消化道大出血诊治经验。其中肠道血管病变5例,结肠癌、肠道平滑肌瘤、Crohn病各2例,结肠息肉、Meckel憩室、肠结核各1例。手术切除病变肠段治愈13例;经内镜下局部注射硬化剂治愈1例。讨论了急性下消化道大出血的诊断措施,强调系统、全面地分析处理病人是治疗成功的主要因素之一。     

下消化道出血33例诊断体会

目的探讨不明原因下消化道出血的常见病因及诊断策略。方法回顾分析33例不明原因下消化道出血病人的临床资料。结果出血病因为:小肠肿瘤9例,小肠憩室病4例,肠系膜上静脉血栓形成2例,肠系膜上动脉栓塞3例及非闭塞性肠系膜缺血4例,Crohn病4例,溃疡性结肠炎5例,肠结核1例,小肠静脉扩张症1例。其中,复查结肠镜或钡灌肠明确诊断8例,64排CT及增强扫描诊断16例,DSA诊断2例,小肠气钡双重造影诊断4例,腹腔镜探查诊断2例,剖腹探查诊断1例。结论对于不明原因下消化道出血病人的诊断,复查结肠镜或钡灌肠是重要选择之一,64排CT扫描在无创检查中诊断率最高,DSA和腹腔镜探查虽然有创,但也是诊断的重要手段。     

内镜难治性胃肠道出血介入诊疗的安全性和有效性

目的评价内镜难治性胃肠道出血介入诊疗的安全性和有效性。方法对31例内镜难治性胃肠道出血患者行DSA检查,明确出血部位后行出血动脉栓塞治疗,并评价其安全性和疗效。结果血管造影发现出血阳性率为80.65%(25/31),28例行栓塞止血治疗,1次栓塞止血成功率75.00%(21/28),2次栓塞总成功率82.14%(23/28)。7例介入术后行外科手术,包括2例空肠间质瘤及5例胃恶性肿瘤。4例胃恶性肿瘤患者介入术后30日内再发间断出血,其中2例因基础疾病致心肺衰竭死亡。除1例胃肠吻合术后吻合口出血患者栓塞止血术后出现吻合口瘘,经支持治疗后恢复出院,余患者未出现严重胃肠缺血坏死。结论介入诊疗对胃肠道出血的诊断及止血治疗高效、安全,尤其对胃恶性肿瘤出血亦能取得良好效果,可作为内镜难治性胃肠道出血的一种较好的诊治手段。     

Combined use of laparoscopy and endoscopy in diagnosing and treating dieulafoy's vascular malformations of the stomach

We present the case of a 70-year-old female successfully treated for a bleeding Dieulafoy's gastric lesion with a combined laparoscopic/endoscopic approach. An increasing percentage of surgery is now being performed laparoscopically and the authors feel that combined laparoscopic/endoscopic surgery offers advantages to the patient over either of these methods individually and over open surgery. This report demonstrates that a bleeding point anywhere on the gastric wall is amenable to laparoscopic intervention if the localization techniques we describe are utilized.     

Capsule endoscopy for gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin

This is a review on the current status of capsule endoscopy in the assessment of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin after initial negative upper endoscopy and colonoscopy. Relevant information was gathered from a Medline search of the English literature, previous review and original articles, references cited in papers, and by checking the latest issues of appropriate journals. Based on the available evidence, capsule endoscopy, if done early in the course of investigation, can identify a bleeding lesion and thus direct subsequent test or treatment in about 60% of patients. Consequently, resources can potentially be saved as unnecessary investigations, blood transfusions and hospital admissions can be minimized and early implementation of definite treatments will be possible. The best candidates for capsule endoscopy are those with ongoing overt obscure bleeding or occult obscure bleeding. Large prospective studies are necessary to assess the impact of capsule endoscopy on clinical outcome.     

Intraoperative endoscopy in laparoscopic colectomy

Background: The localization of focal colonic pathologies is problematical in laparoscopic surgery because it is difficult to palpate the colon. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of intraoperative lower endoscopy in laparoscopic segmental colectomy. Methods: We did a retrospective review of the charts of patients who had undergone laparoscopic segmental colectomy. Patients in whom intraoperative lower endoscopy had been used were compared to a group of 250 patients who had colectomy by laparotomy. The patients were matched by type of surgery and operating surgeon. Results: Between 1991 and 2000, 233 patients underwent laparoscopic segmental colectomy at our clinic. Lower endoscopy was employed in 57 of them (24%), as compared to 42 patients (17%) in the laparotomy matched group ( p = 0.042). The diseased segment was successfully identified in all of the patients in whom the main indication for endoscopy was localization (65% of cases). Endoscopy was judged to have changed the surgical management in 66% of the 57 cases in whom it was employed, and especially in 88% of the 37 patients for whom the main indication had been localization. There were no endoscopy-related complications. Conclusion: Intraoperative lower endoscopy is a useful and safe tool for the localization of pathologies and the assessment of the intracorporeal anastomosis in laparoscopic segmental colectomy.     

Contribution of intraoperative enteroscopy in the management of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding

Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding remains a significant diagnostic challenge. Our aims were (1) to determine the efficacy of intraoperative enteroscopy (IOE) in identifying lesions responsible for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and (2) to determine the outcome of patients after treatment of these lesions. We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent IOE for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding from 1992 to 1998. Patients were divided into those with overt and those with occult gastrointestinal bleeding. Follow-up was complete in 67 patients (96%), with a median of 32 months (range 1 to 91 months). Seventy patients (52 overt and 18 occult) underwent IOE after extensive preoperative evaluation. Median duration of bleeding was 12 months, requiring a median of 14 blood transfusions. Risk factors for bleeding were identified in 46 patients (61 %). A lesion was identified and treated in 52 patients (74%)—39 in the overt group and 13 in the occult group. Lesions identified were vascular (54%), ulcerations (31%), tumors (11%), and small bowel diverticula (4%). Overall, 35 patients (52%) were found to have one or more lesions at IOE that were treated surgically and had no further bleeding. IOE, through a mid-small bowel enterotomy, has low morbidity and is effective in that it identified a treatable lesion in 74% of patients, which led to cure of bleeding in 52%. Presented at the Forty-First Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, San Diego, Calif., May 21–24, 2000, and published as an abstract in Gastroenterology 118(Suppl l):A1057, 2000.     

下消化道出血60例诊断分析

目的探讨少见原因引起下消化道出血的诊断方法。方法对近20年内经手术明确诊断的60例下消化道出血病人术前的诊断方法进行回顾性分析。结果小肠钡餐检查的阳性检出率为16.9%(10/59),气钡双重造影的阳性率为20.0%(3/15),选择性肠系膜动脉造影阳性检出率为79.5%(35/44),CT的阳性率为26.3%(5/19),核素扫描的诊断符合率为58.3%(21/36)。78.3%(47/60)病变位于空、回肠,21.7%(13/60)位于结、直肠。血管畸形占33.3%(20/60),小肠间质瘤占30.0%(18/60)。结论合理掌握各种诊断手段的适应证和时机可望早期诊断下消化道出血。经动脉导管放置钢丝标记出血部位有益术中找出病灶所在肠段。     

下消化道出血118例诊治分析

目的分析下消化道出血病因,总结诊治经验。方法对1999年1月至2009年12月诊治的118例下消化道出血的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果下消化道出血发生原因依次为肿瘤(69.5%)、血管畸形(13.6%)、炎症性肠病(5.9%)、肠憩室(5.9%),均经手术或病理证实。结论肿瘤及血管畸形是引起下消化道出血的主要原因。增强螺旋CT扫描、内镜、选择性肠系膜血管造影、核素扫描是下消化道出血的主要诊断方法。     

下消化道出血11例诊治体会

目的探讨不明原因下消化道出血的手术诊治体会。方法回顾性分析10年间经内镜、血管造影、增强CT扫描及核素扫描均不能明确下消化道出血部位及原因、由于反复出血或出血凶猛而采用剖腹探查诊治者11例的临床资料。结果最常见的出血原因是血管发育不良或畸形(5例),其次,小肠憩室2例,小肠平滑肌瘤1例,3例原因不明。最终的手术方式主要是右半结肠切除(7例),其他有病变小肠段切除3例及结肠次全切除1例。死亡率27.3%,再出血率18.2%。结论原因不明的下消化道出血,多数病人可以通过剖腹探查明确诊断及治疗,应及时手术。     

Incidence of tumoral pathology according to study using capsule endoscopy for patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding

Background Capsule endoscopy has involved a significant advance in techniques for imaging of the small bowel. Its most frequent indication is for studying patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB). Small bowel tumors are infrequent, representing only 1% to 3% of all malignant gastrointestinal tumors. This study aimed to assess retrospectively the occurrence and characteristics of tumoral pathology diagnosed by means of capsule endoscopy in patients with OGIB. Methods A retrospective review analyzed the first 320 patients submitted to capsule endoscopy because of OGIB (166 with obscure overt bleeding and 154 with obscure occult bleeding) at a single center. The patients with a tumor diagnosis were analyzed in terms of incidence, characteristics, and treatment of OGIB pathology. Results Tumor incidence was of 7.18% (23/320), with 65.2% of the cases supported with histologic confirmation (15/23). Obscure overt bleeding was the most frequent form of presentation, with the jejunum as the most frequent location (65.2%). For 16 patients, an intervention was conducted with a healing intent. Capsule endoscopy allowed the diagnosis of two cecal adenocarcinomas missed by colonoscopy. Conclusions Small bowel tumors are not an infrequent cause of OGIB. Capsule endoscopy, even if it does not allow determination of the benign or malignant nature or the histologic type of the tumor, is a useful tool for the diagnosis and early management of these tumors.