原发性高血压患者血压晨峰与静息心率和靶器官损害相关性的临床研究

目的 探讨原发性高血压患者血压晨峰现象与静息心率和主要靶器官损害的相关性及其临床意义.方法 采用24 h动态血压监测仪（ABPM）分析88例原发性高血压患者的血压,确认晨峰组与非晨峰组,均常规检查血脂、空腹血糖、动态心电图（HOLTER）,计算体重指数（BMI）,左室质量指数（LVMI）,取HOLTER记录的早晨6∶ 00的心率为静息心率（RHR）.结果 晨峰组的24 h白昼、夜间平均收缩压均显著高于非晨峰组动态血压监测水平（P＜0.05）,晨峰组的LVMI、RHR均高于非晨峰组（P〈0.05）.结论 原发性高血压患者伴血压晨峰有显著静息心率加快和靶器官损害加重等表现,因此遏制原发性高血压患者的晨峰反应对降压达标、减少恶性心脑血管事件的发生具有重要意义.     

老年高血压病患者动态脉压特点及临床分析

目的探讨老年原发性高血压（EH）患者动态血压（ABP）特点,分析其临床意义。方法对408例EH患者进行24h动态血压监测,EH者按年龄分为老年EH组与中青年EH组,对各组的动态脉压（PP）、动态收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）进行比较。结果老年EH组24h、白昼及夜间动态PP水平高于中青年EH组,P〈0.05。24h、白昼及夜间DBP低于中青年EH组,P〈0.05;两组间24hdMSBP、24hnMSBP、24hMSSP比较P〉0.05。结论老年EH组动态脉压增大与动态DBP下降有关。     

动态脉压与老年高血压合并脑梗死及颈动脉硬化的关系

目的研究老年高血压患者动态脉压（PP）与脑梗死及颈动脉粥样硬化的关系,为临床有针对性的干预PP、预防高血压并发症提供理论基础。方法对老年高血压及老年高血压合并脑梗死的动态PP进行比较,同时对老年高血压颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）增厚组与正常组的动态PP进行比较。结果1）与单纯高血压组比较,高血压合并脑梗死组的24h动态脉压（24hAPP）、白昼脉压（dPP）、夜间脉压（nPP）水平显著增大,24h平均收缩压（24hASBP）、夜间平均收缩压（nSBP）水平显著升高,24h平均舒张压（24hADBP）、白昼平均舒张压（dDBP）、夜间平均舒张压（nDBP）水平显著下降,而两组间dSBP比较无统计学意义;2）老年高血压患者IMT增厚组的24hAPP、dPP和nPP水平均显著增高于IMT正常组;3）与动态PP〈60mmHg者比较,动态PP≥60mmHg的高血压患者脑梗死发生率显著升高;4）与动态PP〈60mmHg者比较,动态PP≥60mmHg的单纯高血压患者的IMT显著增厚。结论动态PP增大是老年高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化及未来发生脑梗死的重要危险因素。     

静息心率增高对原发高血压患者的预测价值及与血压昼夜节律改变的相关性

目的：探讨静息心率增高对原发高血压患者的预测价值,以及其与血压昼夜节律的改变有无相关性。方法：选取在门诊健康体检中首次查出血压增高者138例,另选择同期门诊健康体检血压正常者120例作对比。按静息心率（resting heart rate,RHR）水平将两组对象再分为3组,即甲组为RHR〈70次·min-1,乙组为70次·min-1≤RHR〈80次·min-1,丙组为RHR≥80次·min-1。对门诊初次查出血压增高的138例患者,继续跟踪检查24 h动态血压（ambulatory blood pressure monitoring,ABPM）,根据ABPM结果分为杓型组、非杓型组、反杓型组。结果：（1）初筛血压增高组RHR为（78.24±9.13）次·min-1,较正常对照组RHR的（70.56±10.05）次·min-1显著增高,而且RHR≥80次·min-1的患者在初筛血压增高组所占比例显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）。（2）动态血压结果：初筛血压增高组除12例患者总平均血压在正常范围内外,其余患者平均血压均增高;随着静息心率的增加,24 h动态血压昼夜节律正常的比例越来越低,即血压曲线呈杓型的比例在减少,非杓型和反杓型的比例在增加。结论：静息心率增高可作为预测高血压发病的一个独立因子,且与血压昼夜节律的改变密切相关。     

老年人高血压病患者动态血压监测分析

目的 探讨老年人高血压病患者夜间血压，平均收缩压，平均舒张压与高血压病预后的关系。方法分析137例老年高血压病患者动态血压监测的资料。结果ⅡⅢ期高血压组动态血压监测24小时白昼，夜间平均收缩压与平均舒张压，及收缩压，舒张压负荷均高于Ⅰ期高血压组（P〈0．05）结论动态血压监测对老年人高血压患者的预后具有指导意义。     

静息心率与高血压心肌缺血的相关性

目的 探讨静息心率与高血压数值及高血压患者心肌缺血之间的关系,以研究静息心率与高血压并发症的相关性.方法 入选原发性高血压患者60例,同期门诊健康体检者40 例.按静息心率（RHR）水平分为2 组,RHR1 组〈70bpm,RHR2 组≥80bpm,并检测高血压患者的静息心率、心电图心肌缺血、血压.结果①高血压组RHR（80.10±8.02）bpm 显著高于对照组RHR（68.81±9.28）bpm,且高血压组RHR≥80bpm 的患者所占比例显著高于对照组（P 〈0.01）;②RHR增加的高血压患者其心肌缺血明显,RHR与心肌缺血呈正相关性（r=0.234,P 〈0.01）.结论 静息心率增加可能是高血压疾病发生及其心肌缺血增加的危险因素.     

老年原发性高血压患者动态血压分析

目的探讨老年高血压患者动态血压参数变化的临床意义。方法选择58例老年高血压患者进行24 h动态血压监测,分析其24 h、白昼、夜间平均血压和平均脉压、血压变异性,并与正常老年人比较。结果老年单纯高血压(EH)组和高血压伴靶器官损害(EH TOD)组24 h、白昼、夜间平均血压、平均脉压和血压变异系数显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。EH TOD组夜间平均血压、24 h平均脉压、血压变异系数与EH组比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论老年高血压患者存在明显节律紊乱,脉压和血压变异性增大,并与TOD密切相关。     

2型糖尿病合并高血压患者24小时动态血压分析

目的观察2型糖尿病合并高血压患者24h动态血压昼夜节律的变化。方法选取60例住院患者,按诊断标准分为2型糖尿病合并高血压组和单纯高血压组,对所有患者进行24h动态血压监测,比较24h平均收缩压、24h平均舒张压、白天平均收缩压、夜间平均收缩压、白天平均舒张压、夜间平均舒张压、24h平均脉压、白天平均脉压、夜间平均脉压及血压昼夜节律。结果 24h平均舒张压、白天平均收缩压、白天平均舒张压、白天平均脉压2组比较差异无统计学意义（P均〉0.05）,24h平均收缩压、夜间平均收缩压、24h平均脉压、夜间平均脉压及血压昼夜节律2组比较差异有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）。结论 2型糖尿病合并高血压患者建议尽早进行24h动态血压监测,同时降压和降血糖,纠正异常的昼夜血压节律,对于减少心脑血管并发症、防止靶器官的损害具有积极意义。     

高血压病患者动脉弹性与动态心电血压的相关性研究

目的 探讨高血压病患者动脉弹性的变化及其与动态心电血压监测各指标间的相互关系.方法 对120例高血压病患者和100例正常人进行24 h动态心电血压监测(HOLTER and ABPM)和脉搏波速度(Pwv)测定.结果 高血压组的动脉脉搏波速度(PwV)、24h心电ST-T阳性率、白昼及夜间平均血压、平均脉压、心率、血压负荷均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05～＜0.01).PWV与24 h心电ST-T阳性率、白昼及夜间平均血压、心率、血压负荷、动态脉压、年龄均呈显著正相关(P ＜0.05～＜0.001).PWV与平均收缩压和收缩压负荷的相关性更强.结论 动脉弹性减退是高血压的重要改变,动脉顺应性与动态脉压、收缩压、心肌缺血和年龄的关系密切,与平均收缩压和收缩压负荷的关系更为密切.     

西拉普利治疗老年隐匿性高血压临床观察

目的：探讨西拉普利对老年隐匿性高血压（MH）患者的影响。方法：诊室血压正常而24小时动态血压监测（AB．PM）异常的老年MH患者58例，服用西拉普利2．5～5mg／日，平均10个月后复查ABPM。结果：24小时平均收缩压（24h—SBP）、昼间平均收缩压（dSBP）、24小时平均舒张压（24h—DBP）、昼间脉压差（dPP）、夜间平均收缩压（nSBP）、24小时收缩压标准差（24h—SBPSD）、24小时收缩压变异系数（24h-SBPCV），治疗前后均有显著性差异（P〈n05或〈0．01）。结论：西拉普利可有效降低老年MH患者血压，改善昼夜节律和血管顺应性，有利于改善预后。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.