选择性前路胸腰段或腰段融合治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸

目的 评价选择性前路胸腰段或腰段融合治疗PUMCⅡd1型(Lenke5型)青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)的临床效果. 方法回顾性分析35例行选择性前路胸腰段或腰段融合的PUMCⅡd1型(Lenke5型)AIS病例.所有病例均行前路单棒节段性固定融合,随访18～42个月,平均36个月.术前、术后及随访时均摄站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片,对躯干偏移、上下融合椎邻近椎间盘开角、下固定椎的倾斜、冠状面和矢状面Cobb角进行测量分析.测量数据使用SPSS 11.0统计学软件进行分析.结果 胸腰弯或腰弯冠状面Cobb角术前平均45.6°,术后9.7°,末次随访14.4°.胸弯冠状面Cobb角术前平均29.7°,术后17.6°,末次随访20.1°.躯干偏移术前平均14.0 mm,术后14.8 mm,末次随访5.1 mm.下端固定椎(LIV)倾斜术前平均-21.8°,术后-1.5°,末次随访-2.1°.冠状面上端固定椎(UIV)上位椎间盘开角(UIVDA)及LIV下位椎间盘开角(LIVDA)术前分别为0.5°和0.6°,术后为0.9°和4.9°,末次随访时均显著加重,为3.0°和7.8°.矢状面胸段(T5～12)及胸腰段(T10～L2)曲度术后及末次随访时均保持良好.矢状面腰前凸(L1～S1)及固定融合节段Cobb角在术后有所减小,末次随访时均保持良好.所有病例末次随访时均未见假关节形成及其他并发症. 结论 选择性前路胸腰段或腰段融合是治疗PUMCⅡd1型(Lenke 5型)AIS的安全、有效的方法,融合节段上、下椎间盘开角增加及部分病例残余胸弯过大现象需进一步随访评估.     

胸腰段特发性脊柱侧凸的前路矫正术

目的评价胸腰段/腰段特发性脊柱侧凸经前路矫正术的临床效果。方法1998年1月~2004年1月,76例胸腰段/腰段特发性脊柱侧凸患者接受前路选择性矫正融合术。患者共76例,男19例,女57例,平均年龄为16.2岁(13~27岁)。按照Lenke分型,Ⅴ型41例,Ⅵ型35例。其中Lenke Ⅴ型术前胸腰段侧凸Cobb角平均51.3°(38°~65°),胸段侧凸Cobb角平均35.5°(23°~41°);Lenke Ⅵ型术前胸腰段侧凸Cobb角平均53.4°(46°~68°),胸段侧凸Cobb角平均39.2°(27°~51°)。所有患者均接受侧前路矫正选择性胸腰段融合。术后以及随访中对胸腰段侧凸矫正以及胸段代偿矫正情况进行分析对比,同时采用SRS-22评分评价患者手术前后的功能状况。结果患者均安全完成手术,无严重并发症发生。所有患者均随访2年以上(2~5年)。Lenke Ⅴ型组术后胸腰段侧凸Cobb角平均11.2°(3°~15°),胸段侧凸Cobb角平均8.3°(2°~11°),最终随访时分别为13.2°(5°~17°)和10.1°(4°~15°),无躯干冠状面失代偿发生;LenkeⅥ型组术后Cobb角平均16.3°(8°~21°),胸段侧凸Cobb角平均13.7°(11°~19°),最终随访时分别为17.5°(11°~24°)和15.2°(14°~21°);仅1例发生躯干冠状面失代偿,但不需要进一步治疗。两组之间无统计学差异。所有患者均在术后以及最终随访时填写了SRS-22评分表,结果显示两组患者均对治疗结果表示满意。结论胸腰段/腰段特发性脊柱侧凸经前路矫正、选择性融合可以获得良好矫正,术后胸段弯曲能够获得较好的代偿矫正,并在远期随访中维持矫正效果和躯干冠状面的平衡。     

经前路松解联合后路固定治疗特发性脊柱侧凸

目的:评价经前路松解联合后路矫形对特发性脊柱侧凸的治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析我院收治的51例(男16例,女35例;年龄8～17岁,平均13.2岁)特发性脊柱侧凸行前路松解及后路脊柱畸形矫形植骨融合术患者的临床资料及治疗结果。结果:本组中行前路松解、植骨,阻滞椎间盘平均2.4个。联合后路椎弓根钉(钩)-棒系统内固定,植骨、融合。术后特发性脊柱侧凸Cobb角<90°者额状平面平均矫正率为57%,矢状面后凸平均矫正率为50%;Cobb角>90°者额状平面平均矫正率为71%,矢状面后凸平均矫正率为74%。术后随访10～35个月,平均随访21.6个月,无矫正度的丢失及其他神经系统及血管损伤并发症。结论:脊柱前路松解安全、有效,联合后路相适应内固定系统矫形、植骨治疗特发性脊柱侧凸可获得满意治疗效果。     

前路与后路矫形融合术治疗腰段和胸腰段青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的疗效比较

目的 分析前路和后路矫形融合术治疗胸腰段和腰段青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)的临床疗效.方法 2004年1月至2008年8月手术治疗胸腰段和腰段AIS患者42例,均为女性.前路组22例,年龄12～18岁,平均14.5岁;采用侧前方入路,单棒或双棒系统矫正固定融合.后路组20例,年龄11～19岁,平均14.8岁;采用节段椎弓根螺钉内固定融合技术.对两组手术时间、出血量、冠状面和矢状面校正率、融合节段以及SRS-24评分进行比较,并进行统计学分析.结果 术后随访12～63个月,平均28.3个月.前路组与后路组平均手术时间分别为(334±36)和(292±17)min,术中平均出血量分别为(940±207)和(596±227)ml,平均融合椎体数分别为(5.2±0.8)和(6.7±1.2)个;两组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).前路组与后路组冠状面腰弯.胸腰弯矫正率分别为(93±5)%和(88±5)%,平均SRS-24评分分别为98和94;两组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 后路矫形融合术手术时间较短、出血量较少,能够达到与前路手术相同的矫正率,但融合节段较长.     

选择性前路手术治疗胸腰段或腰段青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的参数分析

目的 探讨Lenke5、6型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)患者选择性前路手术的筛选指标.方法 回顾性分析我院1999年3月至2004年5月期间收治的52例Lenke5、6型AIS患者,随访2～4年(平均34个月),评估术前各相关参数.按术后结果 分成两组:满意组(胸弯减小)A组,不满意组(胸弯加重)B组.结果 A组(n=46)术前胸弯平均33°,术后平均18°,腰弯术前平均49°,术后平均21°.B组(n=6)术前胸弯平均38°,术后平均45°.腰弯术前平均46°,术后平均25°.B组患者中2例由于术后脊柱失平衡,进行了后路翻修术.结论 胸椎柔韧性和患者的成熟度决定了该方案外科手术的效果.在各种结构参数中,(TL/L:T)Cobb比率和胸椎柔韧性,是筛选患者的较好指标.     

胸腔镜下前路矫形治疗青少年特发性胸椎侧凸

目的探讨胸腔镜下前路矫形治疗青少年特发性胸椎侧凸的疗效。方法青少年特发性胸椎侧凸33例,男7例,女26例;年龄10～18岁,平均13.6岁。Lenke分型均为Ⅰ型,其中24例为ⅠA型,9例为ⅠB型。术前Cobb角:冠状面原发性胸弯平均57.4°(43°～68°),代偿性腰弯平均32.0°(20°～47°);27例存在胸椎后凸不足畸形,胸椎后凸平均6.3°(0°～18°)。手术方法为前路胸腔镜下切除椎间盘进行松解,应用CDHorizonEclipse矫形内固定,同时在椎间隙植骨。随访期间测量冠状面Cobb角及矢状面胸椎后凸成角,了解冠状面和矢状面畸形矫正情况。结果固定节段包括T4～T12,平均7.4个。平均手术时间为3h48min,平均术中出血量为308ml,平均住院时间4.4d。全部病例随访6～36个月,平均20.6个月。末次随访时原发性胸弯平均矫正60.2%,代偿性腰弯自然矫正平均50.3%,胸椎后凸平均矫正20.4°。1例出现假关节形成及内固定折断,2例出现胸壁麻木。结论胸腔镜下前路矫形治疗胸椎侧凸具有创伤小、术后恢复快等优点,能达到与开胸前路矫形术同样的矫形效果。     

特发性脊柱侧凸的前路矫形手术

目的评价前路矫形手术对特发性脊柱侧凸的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析术后随访时间超过1年的特发性脊柱侧凸34例,男5例,女29例;年龄8～17.5岁,平均15.7岁。侧凸类型包括PUMCⅠa型1例、Ⅰb型8例、Ⅰc型6例、Ⅱc1型4例、Ⅱd1型15例。采用前路三维矫形手术,内固定器械包括TSRH16例、MossMiami8例、CDH10例。术前、术后及随访时摄X线片,测量冠状面及矢状面Cobb角、躯干偏移、顶椎及下融合椎的旋转度、下融合椎与骶骨夹角,并观察有无假关节形成。结果全部病例随访12～63个月,平均21个月。术中出血量200～1200ml,平均255ml。融合3～7节椎体,平均4.42节。融合弯冠状面畸形矫正率平均为73.4%,矢状面手术前后Cobb角差异无显著性。7例胸腰段或腰椎后凸患者术前后凸平均11.9°,术后矫正为前凸6.8°。19例双弯患者术后上弯冠状面自动矫正率为39.5%(P<0.01);融合弯顶椎旋转改善率32%(P<0.01),下融合椎旋转亦有明显改善(P<0.05),上弯顶椎旋转无明显改善。凸侧Bending像融合弯Cobb角与术后比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。单弯(PUMCⅠb型、Ⅰc型)者术后即刻躯干偏移增加7.3mm,1年后较术前改善7.5mm;双弯者术后躯干偏移持续改善。凹侧Bending像下融合椎与骶骨的夹角与术后比较差异无显著性。结论前路矫形融合术具有较强的冠状面     

选择性前路和后路手术治疗胸腰段或腰段脊柱侧凸的疗效分析

目的 比较选择性前路和后路手术治疗胸腰段或腰段青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的疗效.方法 1998年3月～2004年9月,共64例胸腰段或腰段特发性脊柱侧凸患者接受手术,其中36例采用选择性前路手术(A组),28例采用选择性后路手术(B组),随访时间为2～4 年.结果 A组术前胸腰段或腰段弯曲角度平均 42°,术后平均 18°;B组术前平均46°,术后平均18°.2 组患者术后弯曲都得到了明显改善,且2组患者改善率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术中的出血量差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05),而B组手术时间(179 min) 相似文献   

特发性脊柱侧凸矫形前后椎管长度的观察

目的:探讨特发性脊柱侧凸矫形前后椎管长度的改变与侧凸类型、矫形手段、严重程度等因素的相关性。研究对象与方法:回顾各型脊柱侧凸(共32例)术前及术后X线片,以T_1～S_1椎体的质心连线代表椎管长度,进行测量与比较。结果:术后椎管获得延长的侧凸及手术类型从多到少排列依次有:KingⅢ型(Cobb角>90°)前路松解联合后路矫形内固定;King Ⅱ型(Cobb角45～90°)后路矫形;KingⅢ型(Cobb角45～90°)后路矫形;KingⅣ型侧凸后路矫形内固定。术后椎管缩短的侧凸及手术类型有:King Ⅰ型侧凸、KingⅤ型侧凸及胸腰椎双侧凸经后路矫形,胸腰段侧凸前路矫形。结论:并非所有类型的侧凸在矫形术中均可出现椎管的延长。而采用何种矫形方式可能是矫形后椎管是否发生延长的关键。     

不同Risser征的Lenke 1型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸前路矫形术后远期胸椎后凸重建

目的 探讨不同Risser征的Lenke 1型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（adolescence idiopathic scoliosis,AIS）前路矫形术后远期胸椎后凸角（TK）变化的差异。方法 回顾性分析2002年6月至2007年7月在我院接受前路矫形术治疗的40例Lenke 1型AIS病人的临床资料,病人年龄为（14.1±1.7）岁,其中男3例,女37例。根据病人Risser征评分将其分为三组：A组（Risser 0）、B组（Risser 1~3）和C组（Risser 4~5）。分别测量每例病人术前、术后即刻、术后第2年随访及末次随访时的正侧位X线片上的以下参数：胸主弯和代偿腰弯的冠状面Cobb角、TK（T₅~T₁₂）、前椎体高度（VBHa）、后椎体高度（VBHp）、椎弓根高度（PH）以及椎弓根间高度（IPH）,并计算T₅~T₁₂的前椎体高度总和（SVBHa）、后椎体高度总和（SVBHp）、椎弓根高度总和（SPH）、椎弓根间高度总和（SIPH）、SVBHp/SVBHa和（SIPH+SPH）/SVBHa。结果 术后对三组病人进行了长达5~13年（平均6.5年）的随访。相较于术后即刻测量的TK,末次随访时A组的TK平均值显著增加（增加13.7°）,但B组和C组两次随访时的平均TK值未见明显增大。40例病人中有11例（27.5%）末次随访时的TK值较术后即刻显著增大,其中6例（85.7%）来自A组,这一比例显著高于B组（21.4%）和C组（10.5%）。末次随访时,40例病人的平均SVBHp、SPH+SIPH、SVBHp/SVBHa以及（SIPH+SPH）/SVBHa均显著高于术后即刻,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;其中A组的平均SVBHp/SVBHa、（SIPH+SPH）/SVBHa在末次随访时较术后即刻显著增加,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;而B、C两组均未见显著差异。结论 Lenke 1型AIS前路选择性融合术后远期有27.5%的病人发生了显著的胸椎后凸重建,这可能与低Risser征病人脊柱后份持续生长相关。     

Segmental pedicle screw instrumentation in idiopathic thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis

The role of posterior correction and fusion in thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis as well as pedicle screw instrumentation in scoliosis surgery are matters of debate. Our hypothesis was that in lumbar and thoracolumbar scoliosis, segmental pedicle screw instrumentation is safe and enables a good frontal and sagittal plane correction with a fusion length comparable to anterior instrumentation. In a prospective clinical trial, 12 consecutive patients with idiopathic thoracolumbar or lumbar scolioses of between 40° and 60° Cobb angle underwent segmental pedicle screw instrumentation. Minimum follow-up was 4 years (range 48– 60 months). Fusion length was defined according to the rules for Zielke instrumentation, normally ranging between the end vertebrae of the major curve. Radiometric analysis included coronal and sagittal plane correction. Additionally, the accuracy of pedicle screw placement was measured by use of postoperative computed tomographic scans. Major curve correction averaged 64.6%, with a loss of correction of 3°. The tilt angle was corrected by 67.0%, the compensatory thoracic curve corrected spontaneously according to the flexibility on the preoperative bending films, and led to a satisfactory frontal balance in all cases. Average fusion length was the same as that of the major curve. Pathological thoracolumbar kyphosis was completely corrected in all but one case. One patient required surgical revision with extension of the fusion to the midthoracic spine due to a painful junctional kyphosis. Eighty-five of 104 screws were graded “within the pedicle”, 10 screws had penetrated laterally, 5 screws bilaterally and 4 screws medially. No neurological complications were noted. In conclusion, despite the limited number of patients, this study shows that segmental pedicle screw instrumentation is a safe and effective procedure in the surgical correction of both frontal and sagittal plane deformity in thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis of less than 60°, with a short fusion length, comparable to anterior fusion techniques, and minimal loss of correction. Received: 23 September 1999 Revised: 20 January 2000 Accepted: 26 January 2000     

Anterior lumbar instrumentation improves correction of severe lumbar Lenke C curves in double major idiopathic scoliosis

Fifteen skeletally immature patients with double major adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with large lumbar curves and notable L4 and L5 coronal plane obliquity were retrospectively studied. Seven patients who underwent anterior release and fusion of the lumbar curve with segmental anterior instrumentation and subsequent posterior instrumentation ending at L3 were compared with eight patients treated with anterior release and fusion without anterior instrumentation followed by posterior instrumentation to L3 or L4. At 4.5 years follow-up (range 2.5-7 years), curve correction, coronal balance and fusion rate were not statistically different between the two groups; however, the group with anterior instrumentation had improved coronal plane, near normalangulation in the distal unfused segment compared with the group without anterior instrumentation. In cases involving severe lumbar curvatures in the context of double major scoliosis, when as a first stage anterior release is chosen, the addition of instrumentation appears to restore normal coronal alignment of the distal unfused lumbar segment, and may in certain cases save a level compared with traditional fusions to L4.     

Proximal junctional kyphosis following correction surgery in the Lenke 5 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patient

Background

To investigate the risk factors of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) in Lenke 5 AIS patients after all-pedicle instrumentation and correction, and to compare the difference of radiographic and clinical outcome between PJK and Non-PJK populations.

支点弯曲位X线片预测脊柱侧凸三维矫形效果的价值

目的:评价支点弯曲位X线片在预测特发性脊柱侧凸患者脊柱矫形融合术效果的价值。方法:对37例特发性脊柱侧凸患者的43个结构性弯曲行术前站立位﹑仰卧侧屈位和支点弯曲位X线摄片,并与术后一周的站立位X线片比较。测量所有Cobb角并进行统计学评价。结果:胸弯组和腰弯组仰卧侧屈位平均Cobb角分别为43°和22°,支点弯曲位平均Cobb角分别为38°和19°,术后Cobb角分别为37°和19°。前路手术组和后路手术组仰卧侧屈位平均Cobb角分别为47°和13°,支点弯曲位平均Cobb角分别为42°和9°,术后Cobb角分别为41°和9°。严重侧弯组和中度侧弯组仰卧侧屈位平均Cobb角分别为52°和22°,支点弯曲位平均Cobb角分别为49°和19°,术后Cobb角分别为45°和20°。僵硬侧弯组和柔软侧弯组仰卧侧屈位平均Cobb角分别为51°和22°,支点弯曲位平均Cobb角分别为48°和17°,术后Cobb角分别为43°和19°。结论:支点弯曲位X线片比传统摄片能更好地评估特发性脊柱侧凸患者在脊柱矫形融合术中所获得的矫正效果,但对严重或较僵硬的侧凸矫形效果预测较差。     

Short anterior correction of the thoracolumbar/lumbar curve in King 1 idiopathic scoliosis: the behaviour of the instrumented and non-instrumented curves and the trunk balance

This is a retrospective clinical, radiological and patient outcome assessment of 21 consecutive patients with King 1 idiopathic adolescent scoliosis treated by short anterior selective fusion of the major thoracolumbar/lumbar (TL/L) curve. Three-dimensional changes of both curves, changes in trunk balance and rib hump were evaluated. The minimal follow-up was 24 months (max. 83). The Cobb angle of the TL/L curve was 52 degrees (45-67 degrees) with a flexibility of 72% (40-100%). The average length of the main curve was 5 (3-8) segments. An average of 3 (2-4) segments was fused using rigid single rod implants with side-loading screws. The Cobb angle of the thoracic curve was 33 degrees (18-50 degrees) with a flexibility of 69% (29-100%). The thoracic curve in bending was less than 20 degrees in 17 patients, and 20-25 degrees in 4 patients. In the TL/L curve there was an improvement of the Cobb angle of 67%, of the apex vertebral rotation of 51% and of the apex vertebral translation of 74%. The Cobb angle of the thoracic curve improved 29% spontaneously. Shoulder balance improved significantly from an average preoperative imbalance of 14.5-3.1 mm at the last follow-up. Seventy-five percent of the patients with preoperative positive shoulder imbalance (higher on the side of the thoracic curve) had levelled shoulders at the last follow-up. C7 offset improved from a preoperative 19.8 (0-40) to 4.8 (0-18) mm at the last follow-up. There were no significant changes in rotation, translation of the thoracic curve and the clinical rib hump. There were no significant changes in thoracic kyphosis or lumbar lordosis. The average score of the SRS-24 questionnaire at the last follow-up was 91 points (max. 120). We conclude that short anterior selective fusion of the TL/L curve in King 1 scoliosis with a thoracic curve bending to 25 degrees or less (Type 5 according to Lenke classification) results in a satisfactory correction and a balanced spine. Short fusions leave enough mobile lumbar segments for the establishment of global spinal balance. A positive shoulder imbalance is not a contraindication for this procedure. Structural interbody grafts are not necessary to maintain lumbar lordosis.     

特发性脊柱侧凸患者胸椎椎弓根的CT测量及其临床意义

目的：测量特发性脊柱侧凸患者胸椎椎弓根的有关数据，探讨其临床应用价值。方法：在30例特发性脊柱侧凸患者术前CT扫描片上测量胸椎椎弓根的宽度、深度、角度、椎体旋转角度等数据，根据所得数据选定置入螺钉的直径、长度．确定置入方向和深度。术后对置入螺钉的胸椎椎弓根节段行CT扫描，判断置钉位置。结果：CT测量的各项数据显示胸椎椎弓根适合椎弓根螺钉的置入。以此为依据术中置入胸椎弓根螺钉共245枚，228枚(93％)置入无误，6枚穿破椎弓根外壁，9枚穿破椎弓根下壁，2枚穿破椎弓根内壁，无神经系统并发症。结论：术前CT扫描测量特发性脊柱侧凸患者的胸椎椎弓根的有关数据可为选择适当长度和直径的螺钉并将其准确置入胸椎椎弓根内提供参考。从而保证螺钉安全置入。     

CD-Horizon器械在脊柱侧凸后路矫正中的应用

目的:探讨CD-Horizon(CDH)对脊柱侧凸后路矫形固定的效果。方法:应用CDH治疗各种脊柱侧凸63例,术前平均Cobb角65°。其中9例Cobb角90°以上的畸形及2例僵硬型畸形先行前路脊柱松解,术后Halo牵引2周再行后路CDH矫形固定融合术。结果:随访3~27个月,Cobb角术后平均21°,矫正率为67.7%。无死亡,无感染,无神经并发症。结论:CDH是具有多种矫正力的器械;CDH手术操作较简便,对各种复杂畸形的可操作性强,同时具有易拆除等特点。     

光照后鸡褪黑素变化与脊柱侧凸关系的实验研究

目的:通过强光照射抑制鸡褪黑素的分泌,诱导与人特发性脊柱侧凸相类似的脊柱侧凸畸形,以探讨褪黑素与特发性脊柱侧凸的关系。方法:30只1d龄雏鸡,置于24h持续强光照射的环境中,另外10只相同的小鸡置于普通光照环境中,光照时间为7Am至7Pm。从第2周开始,每周给小鸡摄脊柱片观察,另外在第4周2Am及2Pm时取静脉血用ELISA方法检测血清褪黑素水平,第6周时将小鸡处死。结果:①实验组实验结束时存活的25只中有7只出现了脊柱侧凸,发生率为(7/25)28%,Cobb角10°~14°;对照组鸡均未出现脊柱畸形。②4周时对照组鸡2Pm和2Am时血清褪黑素水平分别为51.02±3.74pg/ml和193.84±12.25pg/ml,表现出明显的昼低夜高的节律性分泌特征。③实验组鸡无论脊柱侧凸发生与否,2Am和2Pm时血清褪黑素水平分别为49.98±2.42pg/ml和50.60±3.15pg/ml,其节律性分泌特征消失。结论:昼夜持续强光照射可以抑制鸡褪黑素的分泌,使其丧失昼夜节律性分泌,并可诱导与人特发性脊柱侧凸相似的鸡脊柱侧凸畸形。