小肠常见原发恶性肿瘤的MSCT诊断

目的:探讨MSCT对空回肠常见原发恶性肿瘤的诊断价值,并总结常见恶性肿瘤的临床病理特点。方法:回顾性分析我院36例空回肠常见原发恶性肿瘤的临床资料、病理特点及CT诊断情况。结果:36例中,小肠腺癌18例,位于回肠3例,空肠15例,CT扫描表现为不均匀密度的肿块,病变边界不清,增强扫描显示动脉期及门脉期中度强化,其中14例伴有肠梗阻。小肠恶性胃肠道间质瘤14例,CT扫描显示为圆形或类圆形的肿块,边界较清,增强扫描可见病灶周边部分明显强化。小肠原发淋巴瘤4例,CT扫描显示为结节状或环状肠壁增厚,密度均匀,增强扫描呈轻度强化。结论:通过回顾性分析得出空回肠常见的恶性肿瘤有3种类型:小肠腺癌、恶性胃肠道间质瘤和淋巴瘤。应用CT增强扫描有利于空回肠常见恶性肿瘤的定性诊断,并可以发现病变向外浸润及淋巴结转移征象,为临床手术治疗提供帮助。     

螺旋CT对胃肠道穿孔部位的评价

目的 探讨螺旋CT(spiral CT,SCT)术前诊断胃肠道穿孔部位的价值.方法 前瞻性地对93例胃肠道穿孔住院患者行SCT扫描,在SCT扫描后12 h内手术,并经手术和(或)病理证实穿孔部位.术前就与胃肠道穿孔相关的8种SCT征象双盲软读片,阅片结论与手术病理对照,采用Logistic多元回归分析就各种SCT征象与胃肠道穿孔部位的相关性进行分析.结果 本组术前综合运用主要SCT征象对胃肠道穿孔部位的正确诊断率达82%(76/93), Logistic多元回归分析显示胃肠道壁外局限性气泡(P<0.001)、胃肠道壁破口(P<0.001)、胃肠道壁节段性增厚(P<0.001)对诊断胃肠道穿孔部位有高度显著性差异.结论 依据SCT征象对胃肠道穿孔部位可在术前做出较为准确的诊断.     

胃肠道穿孔的CT诊断

目的:分析胃肠道穿孔的CT征象,提高CT对胃肠道穿孔诊断的准确性。方法:分析53例经手术病理证实为胃肠道穿孔的CT征象。对有无腹腔游离气体、腹腔积液、腹膜炎及胃肠道壁的改变进行观察、分析。结果:53例胃肠道穿孔的主要CT征象:腹腔内游离气体(71.7%),腹腔积液(84.9%),腹膜炎改变(60.3%),脓肿(7.5%),胃肠道壁的改变(56.6%)。53例中,CT诊断为胃肠道穿孔48例(90.6%),对穿孔部位的诊断符合率为67.9%,对穿孔病因诊断符合率为58.4%。结论:CT平扫能清晰显示胃肠道穿孔的主要征象,结合临床综合分析,有助于提高CT诊断胃肠道穿孔的准确性,包括穿孔部位和病因的诊断。     

急性胃肠道穿孔的CT诊断

目的分析急性胃肠道穿孔的CT表现及其诊断价值。方法收集17例急性胃肠道穿孔患者术前腹部CT检查资料,与手术结果对照。结果胃窦前壁穿孔4例,幽门前壁穿孔1例,胃小弯前壁穿孔5例,十二指肠球部穿孔4例,肠穿孔3例。胃肠道穿孔的CT表现:直接征象有管壁不规则,周围脂肪层模糊;间接征象为腹腔内散在游离气体,以及穿孔引起的一系列并发症。结论CT对临床症状较轻,X线透视膈下无游离气体的胃肠道穿孔患者有较高的诊断价值。     

MDCT对比增强在胃肠道穿孔定位定性的诊断价值

目的探讨多排螺旋CT(MDCT)对比增强在胃肠道穿孔位置、病因的诊断价值,旨在提高对该病的认识。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的82例胃肠道穿孔患者影像资料。结果胃十二指肠穿孔的游离气体出现在门静脉旁、镰状韧带周围、肝圆韧带周围、胃十二指肠周围的概率,明显高于空回肠、大肠(包括阑尾)穿孔;空回肠、大肠穿孔游离气体出现在其周围的概率,明显高于胃十二指肠穿孔,差异有统计学意义。MDCT表现:70例可见腹腔游离气体征,15例可见灶性肠壁缺损伴肠内容物外渗。58例可见节段肠壁增厚伴周围脂肪间隙模糊。4例可见管腔狭窄,局部呈肿块样改变,增强扫描明显强化。2例可见高密度异物影。结论对于胃肠道穿孔的精准诊断及术前评估,MDCT对比增强扫描检查具有重要意义。     

螺旋CT对腹部空腔脏器穿孔的诊断价值

目的探讨螺旋CT在腹部空腔脏器穿孔中的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析18例腹部空腔脏器穿孔的CT表现,所有病例经临床及手术证实。结果胃、十二指肠穿孔6例,空回肠穿孔6例,结肠穿孔4例,子宫积脓自发穿孔1例,膀胱自发性破裂1例。主要CT征象有：肝上间隙积气（14例）、肝下间隙积气（8例）、肝圆韧带裂隙积气（4例）、穿孔脏器局部积气（17例）、腹腔积液（13例）、肠壁局限性增厚（9例）。结论 CT可直观地显示腹膜腔、腹膜后腔游离气体,为临床提供及时准确的诊断,并可为明确穿孔部位、病因、合并症提供较多有价值的诊断信息。     

CT游离气体征在早期胃肠穿孔中的诊断价值

目的:探讨CT扫描在胃肠穿孔诊断中的价值。方法:回顾性分析14例成人胃肠穿孔的CT表现。结果:14例中,胃十二指溃疡穿孔5例,外伤性十二指肠、空肠、回肠及乙状结肠穿孔5例,肠缺血坏死致回肠、结肠穿孔3例,直肠肿瘤梗阻致乙状结肠穿孔1例。CT表现剑突下隐窝积气12例,肝下肝圆韧带间隙积气6例,腹膜后间隙积气4例及腹腔积液3例。结论:CT较立位腹平片能更早更准确地判断腹腔游离气体的有无、多少,并能为胃肠穿孔部位的初步诊断提供更多有价值的信息。     

CT增强扫描对外伤性脾破裂的诊断价值

目的　探讨CT增强扫描在外伤性脾破裂诊断中的应用价值。方法　对 34例经手术证实为外伤性脾破裂患者的CT平扫及增强扫描表现进行回顾性分析。结果　34例患者中,手术前CT平扫能肯定脾破裂诊断的 23例、可疑脾破裂诊断的 6例、未见异常的 5例(敏感性 85. 3%、特异性 67. 6% );对以上所有患者行CT增强扫描后,全部患者均能确诊为脾破裂(敏感性 100%、特异性 100% )。结论　增强扫描在外伤性脾破裂的CT诊断中非常重要,它能够明显提高诊断准确率,为临床治疗提供可靠依据。     

胃肠道穿孔的螺旋CT诊断价值

目的探讨螺旋CT在胃肠道损伤诊断中的作用。方法对28例经手术证实胃肠道损伤患者的CT资料进行回顾分析。结果CT发现腹腔游离气体24例,肠壁增厚9例,腹腔积液20例,系膜密度增高5例,反射性肠郁张3例。结论腹腔游离气体是诊断胃肠道穿孔最强有力的指征,而腹腔积液、肠壁增厚和系膜密度增高等征象高度提示胃肠道穿孔。     

胃肠道穿孔患者采用腹部平片与多层螺旋CT诊断的临床效果对照研究

目的 比较多层螺旋CT与腹部平片诊断胃肠道穿孔患者的临床效果.方法 研究对象来源于收治的胃肠道穿孔患者45例,均采用多层螺旋CT与腹部平片诊断,比较两种方式的诊断效果.结果 45例患者接受腹部平片检查后提示胃肠壁均为阴性,游离气体检出率为60.0%,CT检出率为93.3%,对比有显著性差异(P<0.05);CT诊断胃肠道穿孔部位与原因的准确率为86.7%,显示征象为腹腔积液征与脂肪间隙密度提升.结论 多层螺旋CT诊断胃肠道穿孔患者相较于腹部平片临床准确度更高,值得推广.     

儿童肠及肠系膜钝性创伤的CT诊断

目的：探讨CT检查对儿童急性肠及肠系膜钝性创伤的诊断价值。方法：分析11例经临床诊断或手术证实的儿童肠及肠系膜钝性创伤CT表现，全部病例均有明确的腹部外伤史，6例手术治疗，5例保守治疗。结果：11例患者中，胃损伤1例，十二指肠损伤3例，小肠及肠系膜损伤7例。CT表现有气腹、腹腔积液、肠壁肿胀、肠系膜模糊、肠管扩张等。在手术治疗的6例中，胃穿孔1例，小肠穿孔4例．肠壁血肿1例。结论：CT诊断肠及肠系膜急性钝性创伤明显优于X线平片和B超检查。不仅可清晰显示少量腹腔积气，估计腹腔积液、积血的量，显示实质脏器损伤，还可直接显示肠壁、肠系膜血肿，对外科医生确定治疗方案有重要意义。     

Computerized tomography in the study of jejuno-ileal perforations. Personal case load

INTRODUCTION: The most frequent cause of pneumoperitoneum is gastroduodenal ulcer. Perforations of the small bowel are uncommon compared with perforations of the rest of the alimentary tract and radiological findings of jejunoileal perforation have not been frequently reported. The aim of our retrospective study was to assess the CT findings in 18 patients with jejunoileal perforation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the CT findings in 18 patients (12 men and 6 women, age ranging 14 to 84 years, mean age 42 years) operated for jejunoileal perforation at Cardarelli Hospital, Naples. CT examination was performed in all patients after i.v. injection of contrast medium and in two cases after oral contrast medium administration. Free intraperitoneal air, extravasation of ingested contrast media and visualization of a discontinuity in the bowel wall were considered direct findings of jejunoileal perforation, while intraperitoneal free fluid, thickened bowel wall and the presence of a streaky density within the mesentery were considered indirect diagnostic findings. RESULTS: The site of perforation was the jejunum in 6 cases and the ileum in 12 cases. The following CT findings were retrospectively observed: intraperitoneal free fluid (61%), free intraperitoneal air (33%), thickened bowel wall (22.2%), presence of a streaky density within the mesentery (5.5%). Visualization of a discontinuity in the bowel wall and extravasation of ingested contrast media were never seen. We observed two findings of perforation in 7 cases, and a single finding in 8 cases. CT examination was negative in 3 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Jejunoileal perforations are difficult to identify by CT. In our series, free intraperitoneal air, as a direct finding of perforation, was observed in 33% of cases, while free intraperitoneal fluid, as an indirect diagnostic finding, was the most frequent sign.     

剑突下隐窝积气在早期胃肠穿孔中的CT诊断价值

目的 探讨CT扫描在胃肠穿孔诊断中的作用。方法 对13例成人胃肠穿孔的CT表现进行回顾性分析。结果 13例中胃穿孔5例，十二指肠球部穿孔7例，外伤性十二指肠降部撕裂伤1例。CT表现剑突下隐窝积气、小网膜囊区积气、腹壁下隐窝积气、腹腔积液。结论 CT作为非损伤性检查手段较腹部平片能更迅速准确地判断腹腔游离气体的有无、多少，并可初步判断穿孔部位。剑突下隐窝是游离气体的首先集聚之处。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断上消化道穿孔的价值分析

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声对上消化道穿孔诊断的应用价值.方法 对72例急症上腹痛患者行彩色多普勒超声检查,通过分析超声影像有无腹腔游离气体及腹腔间隙游离液区,初步诊断上消化道穿孔.结果 72例患者,应用彩色多普勒超声检查,有31例观察到隔下、剑突下、右上腹部出现游离气体声像,经临床手术证实上消化道穿孔28例,诊断符合率为...     

Helical computed tomography diagnosis of gastrointestinal perforation in the elderly patient

Purpose: To determine the value of helical CT in a consecutive series of elderly patients referred with clinically suspected gastrointestinal perforation. Methods: Our series comprised 34 consecutive elderly patients (mean age: 68 years) presenting with acute abdominal symptoms potentially suggestive of gastrointestinal perforation. All the patients were prospectively subjected to abdominal computed tomography (CT). On helical CT, the presence of free air was considered diagnostic of gastrointestinal perforation. Other findings such as intraperitoneal free fluid, thickening of bowel wall, streaky density within the mesentery, “dirty fat” sign, and focal collection of extraluminal fecal matter (“dirty mass”) were considered indirect findings of perforation. Results: At surgery, the following sites of perforation were found: duodenum (38.2 %), stomach (29.4 %), ileum (8.8 %), sigmoid colon (8.8 %), rectum (5.8 %), and jejunum, appendix, and transverse colon (2.9 % of cases each). CT demonstrated the presence of free air in 94.1 % of cases; intraperitoneal free fluid was present in 76.4 % of patients and thickening of bowel wall in 50 %. Streaky density within the mesentery was found in one patient. Conclusion: CT is a reliable diagnostic method by which to assess gastrointestinal perforation, because it provides excellent contrast resolution to depict the presence of even small amounts of free air in the abdomen. This is particularly helpful where elderly patients are concerned.     

螺旋CT在胃肠道穿孔中的诊断价值

目的:评价胃肠道穿孔的螺旋CT诊断价值。方法:33例经手术证实的胃肠道穿孔患者中,术前行腹部平片检查者28例,腹部CT扫描者33例。回顾性分析其CT表现,比较两种检查方法的诊断结果。结果:本组中X线平片和CT显示腹内游离气体的阳性率分别为71.4%(20/28例)和90.9%(30/33例),差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。CT显示腹内游离气体呈新月状或小气泡影(n=30),胃肠穿孔处周围局限性积液或蜂窝组织炎(n=21),阑尾周围脓肿(n=4),肠梗阻(n=8),胃肠壁增厚(n=16),胃肠壁肿块(n=2),少量腹水(n=5)。术前CT对胃肠道穿孔病因诊断的符合率为87.9%(29/33)。结论:螺旋CT对诊断胃肠道穿孔及其病因和并发症有明显优势。