脐静脉联合外周中心静脉置管在极低出生体重儿中的应用

目的：研究脐静脉联合外周中心静脉置管在极低出生体重儿中的应用。方法：回顾性分析新生儿重症监护病房极低出生体重儿脐静脉联合外周中心静脉置管的应用,比较导管组（63例）与非导管组（38例）在院内感染、体重增长情况及住院天数方面的差异。结果：导管组院内感染率（17%）与非导管组感染率（24%）差异无统计学意义;导管组体重增长（11.7±2.0 g/kg?d）明显高于非导管组（10.6±2.3 g/kg?d）;导管组的住院天数（40±11 d）明显短于非导管组（45±14 d）;导管组早产儿相关并发症的发生率与非导管组的差异没有统计学意义。结论：脐静脉联合外周中心静脉置管在极低出生体重儿的应用中,早产儿体重的增长显著优于非导管组,住院天数明显缩短,而且院内感染有下降的趋势。     

肺表面活性物质早期给药对新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的影响

目的 探讨肺表面活性物质(Curosurf)早期给药对极低出生体重儿呼吸窘迫综合征(MRDS)近期预后的影响。方法 对26例患NRDS的极低出生体重儿给予Curosurf治疗并进行临床对照实验。结果 NRDS患儿给药后12小时Po2/FiO2显著上升,分别为(252.53±49.45)和(184.47±35.04),与给药前比较均P<0.01;比较早期给药组(生后2 h内)和普通治疗组,有创机械通气时间分别为(54.55±11.21)h和(112.00±84.93)h,t=2.217,P<0.05,差异有显著性。患儿体重恢复至出生时水平分别为(11.55±3.70)d和(15.27±4.71)d,t=2.171,P<0.05;贫血出现的时间分别为(21.64±4.48)d和(12.60±4.91)d,t=4.807,P<0.01,差异有显著性;结论 对于极低出生体重儿NRDS,早期给予Curosurf可明显改善近期预后,提高存活率。     

极低出生体重儿的坏死性小肠结肠炎

极低出生体重儿的坏死性小肠结肠炎作者比较了匹兹堡儿童医院接受过手术的二组坏死性小肠结肠炎（ＮＥＣ）患儿：①极低出生体重儿（ＥＬＢＷ）组（体重＜１０００ｇ及（或）胎龄≤２０周）５０例，胎龄平均２６周，出生体重平均８３０ｇ。②早产儿组（胎龄２９～３６周）...     

238例极低出生体重早产儿的生长速率和影响因素

目的 观察极低出生体重早产儿住院期问的生长速度及营养支持情况,研究影响其生长的因素.方法 采用回顾性调查的方法,收集2005年1月1日至2006年6月30日我国不同地区10所三甲医院檄低出生体重早产儿的临床资料,对影响早产儿生长的因素进行分析.结果 共有238例符合条件的极低出生体重早产儿,出生胎龄为(30.9±1.9)周,出生体重(1313±129)g.生后第1周～第6周平均体重生长速率分别为-7.2、14.2、13.6、13.7、14.2、14.8 g/(kg·d).肠内、外营养开始平均时间分别为(3.4±2,3)d和(3.1±1.7)d,总热卡达120 kcal/(kg·d)平均时间为(21.3±11.6)d,喂养奶量达150 ml/(kg·d)平均时间为(23.4±10.8)d.恢复出生体重后平均生长速率为(13.8±3.5)g/(kg·d),平均住院时间(39.8±13.9)d.出生时小于胎龄者较适于胎龄者恢复出生体重后的平均生长速率快[14.4 vs 13.2 g/(kg·d),t=2.703,P<0.05].结论 平均生长速率较快组[≥15 g/(kg·d)]与较慢组[<15g/(kg·d)]相比,出生胎龄差异无显著性,但出生体重低、接受肠内肠外营养早.大多数极低出生体重早产儿在住院期间不能达到正常胎儿在官内的生长速率.更积极的肠内肠外营养,可能有利于极低出生体重儿生后的早期牛长.     

口服双歧杆菌对极低出生体重儿免疫功能的影响

目的：探讨口服双歧杆菌对极低出生体重儿免疫功能的影响。方法：将50例住院极低出生体重儿随机分为观察组和对照组（n=25）。观察组在一般治疗的基础上给予口服双歧杆菌14 d,观察临床指标和外周血相关免疫学指标。结果：观察组需生理盐水灌肠次数较对照组明显减少(P0.05)。观察组外周血CD4+T细胞比例和CD4+/CD8+比值高于对照组(P0.05);观察组外周血IgA水平高于对照组(P0.05)。结论：双歧杆菌可以改善极低出生体重儿的消化道症状,促进极低出生体重儿免疫功能的成熟和发展。     

益生菌防治低出生体重早产儿喂养不耐受的临床观察

目的：观察益生菌制剂对低出生体重早产儿喂养不耐受的防治作用及其安全性。方法：将60例低出生体重早产儿随机分成益生菌治疗组和常规治疗组,每组30例,两组均治疗原发病,益生菌治疗组在治疗原发病的同时给予益生菌治疗(0.25 g, 每天两次)。比较两组喂养不耐受的发生率、恢复出生体重时间、达全胃肠道营养时间、住院时间;记录不良反应发生情况。结果：益生菌治疗组喂养不耐受的发生率较常规治疗组低(4% vs 14%,P<0.05),恢复出生体重的时间较常规治疗组早（6.8±1.2 d vs 7.7±1.6 d,P<0.01）,且达全胃肠道营养的时间较常规治疗组早（8.0±1.4 d vs 9.0±2.0 d,P<0.05）。益生菌用药中未见不良反应发生。结论：益生菌可降低低出生体重早产儿喂养不耐受的发生率,促进其体重增长,缩短其达全胃肠道营养的时间;且益生菌的应用是安全的。［中国当代儿科杂志,2010,12（9）：693-695］     

经鼻间歇正压通气预防极低出生体重儿拔管失败的前瞻性随机对照研究

目的 评价应用经鼻间歇正压通气（nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation,nIPPV）与经鼻持续正压通气（nasal continuous positive airway pressure,nCPAP）预防极低出生体重儿呼吸衰竭拔管失败的疗效及预后.方法 选择2012年6月至2013年6月河北省儿童医院NICU达到撤机拔气管插管标准,需要继续无创呼吸支持的84例极低出生体重儿（出生体重700 ～1 500g,胎龄27～32周）作为研究对象.于拔气管插管后按随机数字表法将研究对象分为nIPPV组（40例）和nCPAP组（44例）,分别于拔管0、24、48、72 h进行血气分析,监测PaO2、PaCO2、FiO2以及PaO2/FiO2,统计无创辅助通气时间,氧暴露时间.计算拔管成功率（以nIPPV或nCPAP作为拔管后呼吸支持模式而不需再次气管插管的比例）,拔管后频发呼吸暂停、支气管肺发育不良、脑室内出血、脑室周围脑白质软化和早产儿视网膜病的发生率以及治愈率、放弃治疗率、病死率.结果 两组患儿的原发病构成比、性别、体重、胎龄、新生儿急性生理学评分及应用肺表面活性物质比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.无创辅助通气治疗48、72h时,nIPPV组PaO2、PaO2/FiO2高于nCPAP组[48h：PaO2：（63.2±3.6） mmHg vs （52.3±6.7）mmHg,PaO2/FiO2：（243.2±32.8）mmHg vs（187.6±34.0）mmHg; 72 h：PaO2：（66.4±5.8） mmHg vs （51.8±5.9） mmHg,PaO2/FiO2：（280.6±16.8）mmHg vs（245.2±40.5）mmHg;1 mmHg=0.133 kPa],PaCO2低于nCPAP组[48 h：（40.3 ±4.8）mmHg vs （49.2 ±6.6）mmHg,72 h：（42.2±5.6） mmHg vs（57.3±6.9） mmHg],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.nIPPV组与nCPAP组患儿无创通气时间差异有统计学意义[（130.9 ±46.7） hvs （180.5 ±50.1） h,P＜0.05];氧暴露时间差异无统计学意义[（190.6±45.2）hvs （216.8 ±54.4）h,P＞0.05].nIPPV组与nCPAP组患儿拔管成功率比较差异有统计学意义[92.5％（37/40） vs 75.0％（33/44）,P＜0.05];频发呼吸暂停的发生率差异有统计学意义[15.0％ （6/40）vs34.1％ （15/44）,P＜0.05].nIPPV组患儿支气管肺发育不良发生率低于nCPAP组[2.5％ （1/40） vs15.9％ （7/44）],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.脑室内出血、脑室周围脑白质软化、早产儿视网膜病变、晚发感染、坏死性小肠结肠炎、动脉导管未闭及动脉导管未闭手术的发生率相比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.两组患儿病死率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 niPPY能够更明显改善患儿肺部氧合功能,缩短无创辅助通气时间,提高机械通气拔管成功率,并可减少极低出生体重儿频发呼吸暂停及支气管肺发育不良发生率.     

不同通气模式对呼吸窘迫综合征极低出生体重儿心功能的影响

目的 探讨呼吸窘迫综合征（RDS）极低出生体重儿在不同机械通气模式下心功能的变化.方法 选择本院新生儿重症监护病房2009年1月至2012年12月收治的RDS极低出生体重儿为研究对象.根据随机号将患儿分为高频振荡通气组（HFOV）和常频机械通气组（CMV）两组.在通气8～12 h、生命体征相对稳定后,采用彩色多普勒超声对两组患儿心脏泵血功能进行评价,包括心输出量（CO）、左室射血分数（EF）、每搏输出量（SV）、收缩期主动脉瓣峰值流速（AV）、收缩期肺动脉瓣峰值流速（PV）、舒张期二尖瓣口峰值流速（MV）和舒张期三尖瓣口峰值流速（TV）.结果 研究期间共收治极低出生体重儿合并RDS者152例,89例符合入选标准,其中47例在研究过程中被排除,两组最终完成研究的例数均为21例.HFOV组胎龄（29.8±1.6）周,出生体重（1335±98）g;CMV组胎龄（28.7±1.8）周,出生体重（1344±115）g.两组胎龄、日龄、体重、心率、经皮血氧饱和度、血压、血气分析和RDS分度等方面差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.HFOV组MAP高于CMV组[（9.5±1.2）cmH2O比（7.2±0.6） cmH2O,P＜0.05];心功能方面,HFOV组PV和MV均低于CMV组[（0.53±0.15） m/s比（0.66±0.18） m/s,（0.53±0.22） m/s比（0.71±0.07） m/s,P＜0.05],两组CO、EF、SV、AV及TV差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 HFOV组MAP增高,可降低右室收缩功能及左室舒张功能,但对左室收缩射血功能无明显影响.     

不同静脉通路建立方式的比较

目的 探讨脐静脉置管(UVC)联合经外周静脉中心静脉导管(PICC)在极低出生体重儿(VLBWI)救治的作用.方法 选取2005年1月至2007年1月入住本院的VLBWI 89例,分为联合导管组(联合UUC和PICC)28例、PICC组31例和外周静脉(PIN)组30例,观察患儿住院期间静脉穿刺次数、呼吸暂停发生次数、体重增长情况、低血糖持续时间和部分生化、感染指标.结果 联合导管组患儿脐静脉插管一次操作均能成功,成功率高于PICC组(77%),导管留置时间更长;与PIV组比较,联合导管组患儿的静脉穿刺次数(13.2±3.3)次、呼吸暂停发生次数(61.1±7.5)次明显减少(P<0.05),恢复至出生体重时间(12.0±3.0)d和低血糖持续时间(1.5±1.3)h明显缩短(P<0.05);而感染指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 联合UVC和PICC具有穿刺成功率高,留置时间长,减少刺激,且不增加感染等优点,值得VLBWI救治中推广.     

早期蛋白质和能量摄入对早产儿生长影响的研究

目的：探讨出生后早期蛋白质和能量摄入对早产儿早期生长速率的影响。方法：采用回顾性研究的方法,收集出生体重小于1800 g并治愈出院的164例早产儿的临床资料,记录早产儿一般情况、肠内外营养支持及体格增长情况。按氨基酸应用起始日的不同分为24 h内应用氨基酸组（EAA组,n=112）和24 h后应用氨基酸组（LAA组,n=52）,比较两组早产儿在住院期间的蛋白质和能量摄入、蛋白/能量比及体格增长速率,并对两组早产儿的蛋白质和能量摄入及蛋白/能量比与体格增长速率的关系进行相关分析。结果：EAA组的早产儿体重下降幅度比LAA组低（6.3% vs 8.8%）,恢复至出生体重时间比LAA组早（7 d vs 9 d）;每周头围增长速率比 LAA组快（0.79±0.25 cm vs 0.55±0.25 cm）;每日平均体重增长速率比LAA组快（20±3 g/kg vs 17±3 g/kg)。相关分析表明,早产儿第3天及第7天的蛋白质和能量摄入及蛋白/能量比与住院期间平均体重增长速率均呈正相关。恢复出生体重后每周的蛋白质和能量摄入与每周体重增长速率呈多元线性相关（r=0.709,P<0.01）。早产儿第3天及第7天的蛋白质摄入与早产儿头围增长速率及身长增长速率呈正相关。结论：早期应用氨基酸能够降低早产儿出生早期的体重下降幅度,更早恢复至出生体重,加速住院期间的体重及头围增长速度。在适宜能量摄入相对固定的情况下,在一定范围内提高蛋白质摄入量能够增加早产儿的体重、头围及身长的增长速率。     

Early treatment with erythropoietin beta ameliorates anemia and reduces transfusion requirements in infants with birth weights below 1000 g

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether recombinant erythropoietin (rhEPO) reduces the need for transfusion in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants (birth weight 500-999 g) and to determine the optimal time for treatment. METHODS: In a blinded multicenter trial, 219 ELBW infants were randomized on day 3 to one of 3 groups: early rhEPO group (rhEPO from the first week for 9 weeks, n = 74), late rhEPO group (rhEPO from the fourth week for 6 weeks, n = 74), or control group (no rhEPO, n = 71). All infants received enteral iron (3-9 mg/kg/day) from the first week. The rhEPO beta dose was 750 IU/kg/week. Success was defined as no transfusion and hematocrit levels never below 30%. RESULTS: Success rate was 13% in the early rhEPO group, 11% in the late rhEPO group, and 4% in the control group (P =.026 for early rhEPO versus control group). Median transfusion volume was 0.4 versus 0.5 versus 0.7 mL/kg/day (P =.02) and median donor exposure was 1.0 versus 1.0 versus 2.0 (P =.05) in the early rhEPO group, the late rhEPO group, and the control group, respectively. Infection risk was not increased and weight gain was not delayed with rhEPO beta. CONCLUSION: Early rhEPO beta treatment effectively reduces the need for transfusion in ELBW infants.     

极低出生体质量儿胎粪钙卫蛋白水平及影响因素分析

目的 了解极低出生体质量儿胎粪钙卫蛋白(FC)水平及其影响因素.方法 收集2018年6月—2019年5月住院的极低出生体质量儿出生后第1次胎粪,采用免疫荧光法定量检测胎粪钙卫蛋白水平,并收集患儿一般资料及母孕期资料.结果 共纳入87例极低出生体质量儿,男45例、女42例,中位胎龄30.3周(29.1～31.1周),中位...     

Hematocrit correlates well with circulating red blood cell volume in very low birth weight infants

Although circulating red blood cell (RBC) volume is a better measure of total body oxygen delivering capacity than hematocrit (HCT), circulating RBC volume is more difficult to measure. Thus, the HCT is often used in RBC transfusion decisions. However, several previous studies of low birth weight infants have reported that the correlation between HCT and circulating RBC volume is poor. Using a robust nonradioactive method based on in vivo dilution of biotinylated RBC enumerated by flow cytometry, the present study reexamined the correlation between HCT and circulating RBC volume in very low birth weight infants. Venous and capillary HCT levels were compared with circulating RBC volume measured using the biotin method. Twenty-six stable very low birth weight infants with birth weights less than 1300 g were studied on 43 occasions between 7 and 79 d of life. Venous HCT values correlated highly with circulating RBC volume (r = 0.907; p < 0.0001). However, the mean 95% confidence limits for prediction of circulating RBC volume from venous HCT (the average error of prediction) was +/-13.4 mL/kg. The correlation between HCT and circulating RBC volume is strong in older stable very low birth weight infants. However, clinically important uncertainty exists in estimating circulating RBC volume and the associated RBC transfusion needs of an individual infant based on venous HCT. Because direct measurement of circulating RBC volume is not yet practical, the HCT (or the blood Hb concentration) remains the best available indirect indicator.     

不同胎龄及出生体重早产儿血游离肉碱变化特点

目的检测不同胎龄及出生体重早产儿血游离肉碱（FC）浓度,为制定早产儿FC补充治疗方案提供依据。方法选取3 368例早产儿为研究对象。根据胎龄（GA）分为超早产（EPTB,GA<28周）组（n=39）、极早产（VPTB,28≤GA < 32周）组（n=405）、中期早产（MPTB,32≤GA<34周）组（n=507）、晚期早产（LPTB,34≤GA<37周）组（n=2 417）;根据出生体重（BW）分为超低出生体重（ELBW,BW < 1 000 g）组（n=36）、极低出生体重（VLBW,1 000 g≤BW < 1 500 g）组（n=387）、低出生体重组（LBW,1 500 g≤BW < 2 500 g）组（n=1 873）、正常出生体重（NBW,2 500 g≤BW≤4 000 g）组（n=1 072）。于生后72 h~7 d内采血进行FC浓度测定并进行比较。结果 EPTB、VPTB组FC浓度明显高于MPTB、LPTB组（P < 0.05）,MPTB组FC浓度明显高于LPTB组（P < 0.05）;胎龄越小,FC的95%医学参考范围下限越高。ELBW、VLBW组FC浓度明显高于LBW、NBW组（P < 0.05）,LBW组FC浓度明显高于NBW组（P < 0.05）;出生体重越低,FC的95%医学参考范围下限越高。结论极/超早产儿、极/超低出生体重儿血FC浓度明显升高,并且随着胎龄及出生体重的增加呈明显下降的趋势。     

广西地区早产儿氨基酸代谢特点研究

目的 探讨广西地区早产儿的氨基酸代谢变化特点.方法 回顾性收集2018～2020年于广西新生儿疾病筛查中心进行遗传代谢病筛查且检测结果为阴性的30757例新生儿的临床资料,其中28611例正常足月儿为正常对照组.早产儿2146例,根据胎龄分为极早产组(n=209)、中期早产组(n=307)、晚期早产组(n=1630);...     

The Premature Infants in Need of Transfusion (PINT) study: a randomized, controlled trial of a restrictive (low) versus liberal (high) transfusion threshold for extremely low birth weight infants

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether extremely low birth weight infants (ELBW) transfused at lower hemoglobin thresholds versus higher thresholds have different rates of survival or morbidity at discharge. STUDY DESIGN: Infants weighing <1000 g birth weight were randomly assigned within 48 hours of birth to a transfusion algorithm of either low or high hemoglobin transfusion thresholds. The composite primary outcome was death before home discharge or survival with any of either severe retinopathy, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, or brain injury on cranial ultrasound. Morbidity outcomes were assessed, blinded to allocation. RESULTS: Four hundred fifty-one infants were randomly assigned to low (n = 223) or high (n = 228) hemoglobin thresholds. Groups were similar, with mean birth weight of 770 g and gestational age of 26 weeks. Fewer infants received one or more transfusions in the low threshold group (89% low versus 95% high, P = .037). Rates of the primary outcome were 74.0% in the low threshold group and 69.7% in the high (P = .25; risk difference, 2.7%; 95% CI -3.7% to 9.2%). There were no statistically significant differences between groups in any secondary outcome. CONCLUSIONS: In extremely low birth weight infants, maintaining a higher hemoglobin level results in more infants receiving transfusions but confers little evidence of benefit.     

Changing practices of red blood cell transfusions in infants with birth weights less than 1000 g

OBJECTIVE: Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants frequently undergo transfusion because they are critically ill, often need artificial ventilation, and have the highest blood sampling loss in relation to their weight. During the last decade our transfusion guidelines were changed 3 times to become more restrictive. We hypothesized that these modifications substantially decreased the number of transfusions in our ELBW infants. METHODS: We performed a single-center analysis of 256 infants with birth weights from 500 to 999 g who were admitted from 1989 to 1997 and included 3 study periods, each starting with newly modified transfusion guidelines in April 1989, September 1991, and January 1995. We evaluated prospectively recorded clinical data and retrospective chart analysis for transfusion-related information. RESULTS: The median number of transfusions per infant decreased from 7 in the first period to 2 in the third period, whereas donor exposure decreased from 5 to 1 and blood volume transfused decreased from 131 to 37 mL/kg birth weight (P <.01). The median venous hematocrit measured before transfusion decreased from 43% to 35% in infants who underwent ventilation and from 41% to 31% in spontaneously breathing infants. The median birth weight decreased from 870 to 740 g and the median gestational age from 27 to 25 completed weeks (P <.01). The overall survival rate was 75% and did not change. The incidences of retinopathy, intraventricular hemorrhage, and patent ductus arteriosus remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: Over this 9-year period with increasingly restrictive transfusion guidelines, the transfusion number decreased by 71% and the donor exposure by 80% in ELBW infants without adverse clinical effects.     

Risk factors for umbilical venous catheter-associated thrombosis in very low birth weight infants

Background

Thrombosis in neonates is a rare but serious occurrence, usually associated with central catheterization. The objective of this study was to investigate the risk factors associated with catheter related thrombosis in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.

Procedure

The present retrospective study was performed using data from a randomized trial of duration of umbilical venous catheters (UVC) placement among infants <1,250 g birth weight. Twenty‐two cases of UVC‐associated thrombosis were identified in this sample. The remaining study sample (n = 188) served as the comparison group. Data on thrombosis, platelets, gestational age, birth weight, hematocrit, serum sodium, maternal preeclampsia, blood group, infant of diabetic mother (IDM) and demographic factors were collected using database and record review.

Results

Among the total subjects (n = 210), 112 (53%) were males and 126 (60%) were Caucasians, with mean gestational age of 27.7 ± 2.1 weeks (standard deviation) and mean birth weight of 923 ± 195 g. Bivariate analysis revealed significant association of thrombosis with hematocrit >55% in the first week (odds ratio [OR] 5.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0–14.6; P = 0.0003), being small for gestational age (SGA) (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2–7.4; P = 0.02) and maternal preeclampsia (OR, 3.97; 95% CI, 1.6–9.84; P = 0.0017). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, only hematocrit >55% was independently associated with thrombus (OR, 3.7; 95% CI 1.1–11.8; P = 0.03).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates a significant, independent association between elevated hematocrit and development of UVC‐associated thrombosis. Careful monitoring for catheter‐associated thrombosis may be indicated in VLBW infants who have hematocrit >55% in the first week of life. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:75–79. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

极低出生体质量儿闪光视觉诱发电位检测的临床意义

目的 研究极低出生体质量儿闪光刺激视觉诱发电位(FVEP)检测的临床意义.方法 应用英国Oxford公司Medelecsynergy诱发电位仪对43例极低出生体质量儿进行FVEP检测,并选择56例正常足月儿做对照.结果 极低出生体质量儿N1、P1、N2波潜伏期值分别为(181.43±26.73)ms、(217.27±26.54)ms、(249.21±26.49)ms,足月儿分别为(159.51±18.27)ms、(200.26±13.94)ms、(231.56±5.72)ms,两组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05,P＜0.001).极低出生体质量儿P1波的异常率为75.6%,足月儿为0.极低出生体质量儿P1波异常相关影响因素的主效应模型为3.898-2.861颅内病变,颅内病变是独立影响因素(OR=0.057,95%CI 0.006～0.579,P=0.015).结论 极低出生体质量儿FVEP检测P1波异常率高,FVEP异常改变与颅内病变关系密切.极低出生体质量儿在生后1个月内和矫正胎龄42周后至少进行两次FVEP检查,动态观察FVEP改变.     

口服益生菌预防早产儿严重坏死性小肠结肠炎疗效和安全性的Meta分析

目的评价口服益生菌预防早产儿严重坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）的疗效和安全性。方法制定原始文献的纳入标准、排除标准及检索策略,检索PubMed、EMBASE、 Ovid、Springer、中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库 及中国生物医学文献光盘数据库等。应用Cochrane协作网推荐的方法评价文献质 量。采用RevMan 4.22软件对满足纳入标准的有关口服益生菌预防早产儿严重NEC （Ⅱ期及以上）的RCT研究进行Meta分析。主要观察指标为严重NEC的发生率、总 病死率、NEC相关病死率和院内感染导致脓毒症的发生率。结果共检索到107篇文献,符合纳入标准的10项RCT研究（共2 117 例早产儿）进 入Meta分析,文献质量评价8篇为A级,1篇为B级,1篇为C级。各研究间的基线水 平差异较大,出生体重,胎龄,益生菌应用的种类、剂量、开始应用时间和治疗 持续时间等均有差异。Meta分析结果表明,益生菌组可显著降低严重NEC的发生率 和总病死率,OR分别为0.34(95%CI：0.22~0.55,P<0.000 1)和0.36(95%CI： 0.22~0.58,P<0.000 1)。无证据表明预防性口服益生菌可减少院内感染导致脓毒 症的发生率和NEC相关的病死率,OR分别为0.94(95%CI：0.62~1.42)和0.48(95%CI ：0.16~1.47)。所有研究均未见口服益生菌导致相应菌株全身感染的发生。结论预防性口服益生菌可显著降低早产儿严重NEC的发生率和总病死率。对低出生 体重儿可给予口服益生菌预防NEC的发生。现有的研究尚不能证实预防性口服益生 菌对超低出生体重儿的疗效和安全性。有关超低出生体重儿预防性口服益生菌的 安全性和疗效仍有待大规模的临床多中心RCT研究予以明确。