Primo Vessel as a Novel Cancer Cell Migration Path from Testis with Nanoparticle-Labeled and GFP Expressing Cancer Cells

Background/aimRecently, a novel circulatory system, the primo vascular system (PVS), was found to be a potent metastatic route of cancer cells. The aim of the current work is to demonstrate that cancer cells injected into the testis migrate through the primo vessel (PV).Materials and methodsNCI-H460 cells labeled with fluorescent nanoparticles (FNP) or green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene transfection were injected into testicular parenchyma in 24 rats. After 24 hours of injection, the abdominal cavity was investigated via a stereomicroscope, to detect the PVS, and the samples were analyzed histologically with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and hematoxylin and eosin.ResultsInjected cancer cells were detected inside the PVS distributed on the abdominal organs. Some were detected inside intestinal parenchyma into which the attached primo vessels (PVs) entered.ConclusionThe results supported the fact that the PVS may be a novel migration path of cancer cells, in addition to the lymphatic and hematogenous routes.     

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Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of medical Qigong therapy using Dong Chu Chim (DCC), which was invented by “Dongchu Han Medicine Institute”, by measuring HRV. We compared the effects of DCC with those of non-treatment, filiform acupuncture and filiform acupuncture with natural abdominal breathing.Methods: First, the authors stimulated Nogung (PC8) of 26 normal adults by using DCC or filiform acupuncture in turn. Second, natural abdominal breathing was carried comfortably with consciousness in the lower abdomen. Then, HRV was measured three times (before treatment, during treatment and after treatment) for five minutes each time.Results and Conclusions: From this study, the stimuli of DCC, filiform acupuncture, and filiform acupuncture with natural abdominal breathing all seem to be able to affect the autonomic nervous system and to control the balance of that system. However, no significant differences were observed between these stimulus groups and the non-treatment group. Therefore, we suggest additional studies on the effect of DCC.Key Words: Dong Chu Chim, HRV, Nogung (PC8), Qigong therapy(2) Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 114-121, 2013

Effect of Acupuncture on Inflammatory Lesions and Body Image Disturbance in Patients with Acne Vulgaris

Ah-Reum Lee, In-Seon Lee, SongYi Kim, Hyangsook Lee, Hi-Joon Park, Hyejung Lee, Younbyoung Chae¹¹Corresponding Author's Affiliation: Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. ybchae@khu.ac.kr

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture treatment on inflammatory lesions and body image disturbances in patients with vulgaris acne.Methods: Fifteen inflammatory acne patients were enrolled and treated with facial acupuncture during four treatment sessions. We evaluated the number of papules and nodules by using the Korean Acne Grading System (KAGS). We also evaluated patients’ general subjective satisfaction and objective changes in the symptoms of inflammatory acne by using DermaVision-pro. Moreover, we evaluated the quality-of-life by using the skindex-29 scale, and we used the body image disturbance questionnaire (BIDQ) as a secondary source to evaluate outcomes. Adverse events were also recorded at every visit.Results: sessions, there were significant reductions in the number of papules and nodules of the patients. We found that the subjective satisfaction of the patients was enhanced and that objectively, the inflammatory symptoms were reduced. We also found significant improvements in the quality of life and in the results indicated on the BIDQ. No serious treatment-related adverse events were reported.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that standardized facial acupuncture was effective and safe in the treatment of facial inflammatory acne.Key words: acupuncture, body image change, skindex-29, vulgaris acne

(3) Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 122-130, 2013

Isolation and Yield Enhancement of Primo Vessels Inside of Rabbit Lymph Vessels by Using Sound Wave Vibration

June-Yi Heo, Ji-Hwan Chung, Dong-Hee Choi, Hye-Rie Lee, Young-Il Noh, Moon-Young Han, Yeon-Chul Jeong, Jae-Yeon Lee, Kyeong-Ju Seo, Ji-Su Park, Nu-Ri Kim, Kyu-Hwan Lee, Yu-Mi Bae, Eun-Sae Lee, Sang-Suk Lee¹¹Corresponding Author's Affiliation: Department of Oriental Biomedical Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea. sslee@sangji.ac.kr

AbstractObjectives: The fact that Primo vessels exist as a new circulatory system in the lymphatic vessels of rabbits that were treated with sound wave vibration therapy is confirmed by observing the anatomy of rabbit. Isolated Primo vessels were investigated, with a particular focus on their morphological features.Methods: Before the rabbit’s anatomy was examined, a rabbit in a cage box was laid on the sound wave vibrating apparatus; then, various frequencies and intensities were applied for 30 min, along with music that rabbits like.Results: Isolation and observation of a Primo vessel were easier when a sound wave with a frequency of 7 Hz and an intensity of 50 dB was applied to the lymphatic circulatory system. The probability of observing a Primo vessel enhanced to 90%.Conclusions: Sound wave therapy with a vibration apparatus is thought to be a major and necessary process for facilitating reproducible isolation and observation of Primo vessels.Key words: anatomical experiment, lymph vessel, Primo vessel, rabbit, sound wave vibration, yield enhancement

     

α1D受体cDNA转染细胞、大鼠主动脉组织及其培养细胞的细胞膜色谱研究

 目的为了增加细胞膜色谱法的选择性和特异性,用细胞膜色谱法分别研究不同浓度药物BMY7378(α_1D-AR亚型高选择性药物)与大鼠主动脉组织、原代培养大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞和α_1D-AR转染细胞膜色谱柱的生物亲和作用。方法根据大鼠主动脉细胞表达以α_1D-AR占优势,分别构建大鼠主动脉组织匀浆细胞膜色谱柱、培养大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞膜色谱柱和受体质粒转染所得受体高表达HEK293α_1D细胞膜色谱柱。用细胞膜色谱法研究6种浓度的BMY7378与受体的亲和色谱特性,分别测定其容量因子并进行相关性分析。结果在大鼠主动脉组织制备的细胞膜固定相(cell membranestationary phase,CMSP)上,最小检测到的BMY7378浓度为1.00 mmol·L^-1;在大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞CMSP上,最小检测到的BMY7378浓度为0.03 mmol·L^-1;在α_1D-AR细胞CMSP上,最小检测到的BMY7378浓度为0.10 mmol·L^-1。结论与组织器官制备的CMSP的传统细胞膜色谱法比较,培养的细胞或细胞株色谱系统具有更高的灵敏度。可扩大细胞膜色谱法的应用范围,试用于受体亚型选择性药物的高效筛选。     

虎杖中白藜芦醇诱导肝癌细胞HepG-2凋亡及其对Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达的影响

目的：观察爱罗咳喘宁口服液对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）大鼠模型血浆及支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中白三烯B4（LTB4）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）及肺组织病理形态的影响。方法：采用脂多糖（LPS）加烟雾诱导COPD大鼠模型,大鼠随机被分为正常组、模型组、爱罗咳喘宁口服液低、中、高剂量组。正常组、模型组灌胃蒸馏水（10 mL·kg^-1·d^-1）,爱罗咳喘宁口服液低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃混悬液（5,10,20 g·kg^-1·d^-1）,连续7 d。酶联免疫法（ELISA）测定各组大鼠血浆和BALF 中LTB4,IL-6的含量。结果：与正常组相比,模型组大鼠血浆和 BALF 中LTB4,IL-6水平均显著高于正常组（均P<0.05）,与模型组相比,爱罗咳喘宁口服液低、中、高剂量组LTB4和IL-6含量均显著降低（均P<0.05）。结论：爱罗咳喘宁口服液治疗COPD的作用机制可能与抑制LTB4,IL-6的释放有关。     

中医综合疗法辅助肝动脉灌注治疗晚期原发性肝癌43例

目的：探讨肉苁蓉苯乙醇苷对高原肺动脉高压大鼠肺血流动力学的影响。方法：Wistar大鼠72只,随机分为正常对照组12只及造模组60只,正常对照组常压常氧SPF环境饲养;造模组模拟海拔5 000 m高原环境人工实验舱中饲养4周制备高原肺动脉高压模型。再随机将造模组分为模型组,大花红景天组（1.78 mL·kg^-1·d^-1）,肉苁蓉苯乙醇苷低中高剂量组（75 ,150,300 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）,每组12只。第5周开始正常对照组、模型组灌胃给予生理盐水,各治疗组按计量灌胃给药28 d,每日1次,给药体积10 mL·kg^-1。主动脉插管法测定平均动脉压（MAP）,直接法测定平均肺动脉压（mPAP）,右心室收缩压（RVSP）,计算右心肥厚指数（RVHI）,观察各组大鼠肺组织病理改变并计算中膜厚度比（WT）和中膜面积比（WB）。结果：模型组肺动脉血管增厚度,炎性浸润,WT,WB,mPAP,RVSP,RVHI较正常对照组显著增加（P<0.01）;大花红景天及肉苁蓉苯乙醇苷低中高剂量组与模型组相比均能改善肺动脉血管增厚、炎性浸润,降低WT及 WB,mPAP,RVSP,MAP,RVHI（P<0.01）,但仍高于正常对照组（P<0.01）。结论：肉苁蓉苯乙醇苷可以改善高原肺动脉高压大鼠的肺血流动力学、右心室肥厚程度及肺组织病理改变,具有一定治疗高原肺动脉高压的作用。     

Integrated network pharmacology and experimental verification to explore the mechanism of Sangqi Qingxuan formula against hypertensive vascular remodelingOA

Objective: To investigate the bioactive components of Sangqi Qingxuan formula(SQQX), predict the pharmacological targets, and explore the mechanism of hypertensive vascular remodeling(HVR).Methods: Network pharmacology was adopted to predict how SQQX acts in HVR. The effectiveness was assessed by blood pressure measurements and pathological morphology observation based on a spontaneously hypertensive rat model, while the mechanism of SQQX on HVR was validated by immunohistochemistry(IHC) and wes...     

利用UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS主成分分析和T-test探讨生半夏与法半夏有毒成分的差异

目的：从化学成分探讨生半夏与法半夏的差异。方法：制备生半夏和法半夏样品并采用UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS测定,通过主成分分析(PCA)和T检验分析研究两组样品之间的差别,并确定相应的化学标记物。UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS可准确地测定得到荷质比和MS/MS 的碎片数据,通过参考文献或数据库对照相应数据我们可以鉴别相应化合物。结果：甘草苷、甘草素、溶血磷脂酰胆碱(LPC)是最具特征的化学标记物。由于LPC可导致炎症反应的发生,炮制前后LPC的减少是减毒的原因之一;甘草苷和甘草素有治疗炎症的作用且能减少肝损伤作用,其在炮制后的法半夏中的增加也是减毒的原因。结论：该方法不仅可探索传统中药炮制后减毒的机制还可分别对炮制前后中药的质量进行控制。     

双向固体发酵对板蓝根和大青叶抑菌的增效作用初探

目的探讨25种不同食(药)用真菌菌株对板蓝根和大青叶的双向固体发酵的转化作用,得到具有较好抑菌作用的发酵菌质产物。方法经过板蓝根和大青叶平板初筛法和三角瓶复筛法,获得能在大青叶和板蓝根上生长的优势菌株;进一步通过抑菌实验和薄层色谱(TLC)实验,确定发酵得到的菌质产物的抑菌作用。结果复筛得到能够在板蓝根(灵芝11、灵芝13、灵芝7)和大青叶(灵芝2、灵芝11、灵芝3)上生长良好的菌株,其中含灵芝3和灵芝11的发酵液与空白对照相比具有较好的抑菌作用。TLC结果显示,灵芝2发酵大青叶的甲醇提取物有蓝色斑点为发酵后新增成分。结论板蓝根和大青叶经药用真菌进行双向固体发酵后能够有效提高其抑菌作用,而且有新物质产生。     

Effects of electroacupuncture on rats with cognitive impairment: An iTRAQ-based proteomics analysis

Objective:The study explores the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at the governing vessel (GV) on proteomic changes in the hippocampus of rats with cognitive impairment.Methods:Healthy male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:sham,model and EA.Cognitive impairment was induced by left middle cerebral artery occlusion in the model and EA groups.Rats in the EA group were treated with EA at Shenting (GV24) and Baihui (GV20) for 7 d.Neurological deficit was scored using the Longa scale,the lea...     

石榴补血糖浆对血虚小鼠造血功能的影响＊

目的 探讨石榴补血糖浆对环磷酰胺血虚证模型小鼠造血功能的影响及其相关机制。方法 采用环磷酰胺构建血虚证模型，分别用石榴补血糖浆、EPO和复方阿胶浆连续干预28d，取小鼠外周血液，分别进行红细胞（RBC）及白细胞（WBC）计数、血红蛋白（HGB）浓度测定以及红细胞比容（HCT），血小板计数（PLT）的含量；取小鼠双侧股骨，收集全部骨髓细胞，进行骨髓有核细胞计数；采用酶联免疫法（Elisa）测定小鼠血清中促红细胞生成素（Erythropoietin，EPO）的含量，Western blot、Real-Time PCR法检测造血干细胞因子（SCF）、粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM-CSF）的含量变化。结果 与对照组比较，石榴补血糖浆（4.6875 mL·kg^-1，9.375 mL·kg^-1，18.75 mL·kg^-1，28.125 mL·kg^-1）组小鼠血液中RBC，WBC，PLT，HCT，HGB均升高（P < 0.05）；与模型组相比，石榴补血糖浆9.375 mL·kg^-1剂量组EPO、SCF、GM-CSF表达量均显著提升（P < 0.05），骨髓有核细胞数增多（P < 0.05）。结论 石榴补血糖浆可以对血虚证模型小鼠起到一定的治疗作用，其作用机理可能与增加造血细胞因子EPO、SCF、GM-CSF的表达，提高骨髓有核细胞数有关。     

土家药竹节参多糖通过Nrf2-ARE信号通路对四氯化碳致大鼠急性肝损伤的抗氧化保护作用

目的 基于核因子E2相关因子2（nuclear factor E2 related factor 2,Nrf2）-抗氧化反应元件（antioxidant response element,ARE）信号通路研究竹节参多糖（Panax japonicus polysaccharide）保护四氯化碳（carbon tetrachloride,CCl₄）所致大鼠急性肝损伤的作用机制。方法 通过CCl₄间隔诱导法建立急性肝损伤大鼠模型,给予水提醇沉法制备的竹节参多糖治疗7 d后取材,通过苏木素-伊红（HE）染色观察肝组织病理变化;全自动生化仪检测大鼠血清中肝功能相关指标;ELISA法检测肝组织氧化应激水平;免疫组化法观察大鼠肝组织Nrf2表达;Western blotting测定大鼠肝组织Nrf2-ARE通路相关蛋白表达。结果 与模型组比较,竹节参多糖组大鼠血清中肝功能相关指标呈不同程度的降低（P<0.05、0.01）,肝组织中Nrf2-ARE信号通路明显激活（P<0.01）,肝脏中脂类过氧化产物丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）水平降低（P<0.01）,抗氧化酶活性明显升高（P<0.05、0.01）,细胞质中氧化应激效应物Nrf2阳性的细胞数有所减少（P<0.01）,大鼠肝脏损伤程度明显减轻。结论 竹节参多糖可激活Nrf2-ARE信号通路,增强机体的抗氧化酶系表达,减轻CCl₄引起的氧化损伤。     

Mesothelial Cells Covering the Surface of Primo Vascular System Tissue

The primo vascular system (PVS) is reported to have a periductium composed of cells with spherical or spindle-shaped nuclei and abundant cytoplasm. However, little is known about these periductium cells. In this study, we examined the morphological features of cells covering the PVS tissue isolated from the surface of abdominal organs of rats. By hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, we observed a layer of dark nuclei on the basement membrane at the borders of the sections of primo node (PN), primo vessel (PV), and their subunits. The nuclei appeared thin and linear (10-14 μm), elliptical (8-10 × 3-4 μm), and round (5-7 μm). The borders of the PVS tissue sections were immunostained with a selective antibody for mesothelial cells (MCs). Areas of immunoreactivity overlapped with the flattened cells are shown by hematoxylin and eosin staining. By scanning electron microscopy, we further identified elliptical (11 × 21 μm) and rectangular squamous MCs (length, 10 μm). There were numerous stomata (∼200 nm) and microparticles (20-200 nm) on the surface of the PVS MCs. In conclusion, this study presents the novel finding that the PVS periductium is composed of squamous MCs. These cells tightly line the luminal surface of the PVS tissue, including PNs, PVs, and small branches of the PVs in the abdominal cavity. These results will help us to understand the physiological roles such as hyaluronan secretion and the fine structure of PVS tissue.     

Curcumin alleviates TGF-β1-induced fibrosis in NRK-49F cells via suppression of miR-21 expression,and regulation of the TGF-β1/smad3 signaling pathway

ObjectiveOverexpression of microRNA-21 (miR-21) has been well-recognized during fibrosis in a wide range of tissue types through regulation of fibrogenesis via diverse pathways. Curcumin exhibits anti-fibrotic effects in various organs. We and others have previously demonstrated that curcumin has positive effects on the protection against fibrosis. However, the effect of curcumin on miR-21 expression has not been reported.MethodsIn this study, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-stimulated rat renal fibroblast cells (NRK-49F) were transfected with miR-21 inhibitors, then the expression of Smad3, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), type I collagen (COL1A1), and type Ⅲ collagen (COL3A1) was determined using quantitative real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis. The effect of curcumin on production of the extracellular matrix was evaluated using immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and western blot analysis.ResultsTGF-β1 stimulation upregulated the expression of miR-21 and induced fibrogenesis in NRK-49F cells. Transfection with miR-21 inhibitors selectively decreased smad3 activity, and noticeably reduced the expression of α-SMA, COL1A1, and COL3A1. Curcumin treatment significantly inhibited the expressions of smad3, α-SMA, COL1A1, COL3A1, as well as miR-21 expression in NRK-49F cells in a dose-dependent manner.ConclusionCurcumin exerted its anti-fibrotic effects by targeting the TGF-β1/smad3 signaling pathway and suppressing miR-21 expression, thereby provides novel insight in the protective effects of curcumin against fibrosis in various organs.     

基于cAMP-CREB-BDNF通路探讨柴胡-白芍药对抗抑郁作用机制

目的基于cAMP-CREB-BDNF通路探讨柴胡-白芍药对抗抑郁的作用机制。方法建立慢性温和不可预知应激(CUMS)大鼠抑郁模型,ELISA法测定大鼠海马组织中环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)、磷酸化环磷腺苷效应元件结合蛋白(p-CREB)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)和磷酸二酯酶抑制剂(PDE4)以及血浆中cAMP水平的变化,采用RT-PCR法测定海马、下丘脑和皮质中的BDNF mRNA的表达。结果与模型组相比,阳性药组、柴胡-白芍药对给药组可以不同程度地逆转大鼠海马组织及血浆中cAMP水平和大鼠海马组织中p-CREB、BDNF水平的降低。同时阳性药组、柴胡-白芍药对给药组能够增加大鼠海马、皮质和下丘脑中BDNF m RNA的表达。结论柴胡-白芍药对对CUMS大鼠模型具有明显的抗抑郁作用,并可以通过调节cAMP-CREB-BDNF通路而达到抗抑郁的作用。     

剑叶龙血素A间接竞争ELISA检测方法的建立

目的: 建立间接竞争酶联免疫吸附分析法(ELISA)用于测定剑叶龙血素A(CA)含量。方法: 合成半抗原剑叶龙血素A-4'-羧甲基醚(CA-4'-CME),再用碳二亚胺法将其与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和鸡卵清蛋白(OVA)分别偶联制备免疫原(CA-BSA)和包被原(CA-OVA),免疫小鼠制备多克隆抗体,建立间接竞争ELISA法并评估其分析性能。结果: 通过紫外扫描分析CA-BSA和CA-OVA的偶联比分别为18:1和24:1。抗血清效价最高达到12 000。用四参数logistic方程拟合CA标准曲线,在分析范围0~0.80 mg·L^-1内,相关系数(R²)≥0.99,IC₅₀ 0.66 mg·L^-1,最低检测限0.045 mg·L^-1,批内CV≤12.5%,批间CV≤14.7%,回收率92.7%~118.7%,对5种CA类似物的交叉反应率<5.38%。此方法检测龙血竭和龙血竭总黄酮中CA含量分别为1.27%,3.08%。结论: 剑叶龙血素A间接竞争ELISA法精密度、准确度和特异性均较好,可方便地用于药物检测和分析。     

Primo Bundles Identified by Microcomputed Tomography in Primo Vascular Tissue on the Surface of Rat Abdominal Organs

BackgroundThe primo vascular system (PVS) is a novel network composed of primo nodes (PNs) and primo vessels (PVs). Currently, its anatomy is not fully understood.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to elucidate the three-dimensional PN–PV structure.MethodsOrgan-surface PVS tissue was isolated from healthy and anemic rats. The tissues were analyzed by X-ray microcomputed tomography (CT), hematoxylin and eosin staining, and scanning electron microscopy.ResultsFrom CT images, we identified one or more bundles in a PV. In the PN, the bundles were enlarged and existed in isolation and/or in anastomosis. The transverse CT images revealed four areas of distinct intensities: zero, low, intermediate, and high. The first two were considered to be the sinuses and the subvessels of the PVS and were identified in the hematoxylin and eosin–stained PN sections. The enlargement of the PN from anemic rats was associated with an increase in the intermediate-intensity area. The high-intensity area demarcated the bundle and was overlapped with the mesothelial cells. In scanning electron microscopy, the PV bundles branched out, tapering down to a single bundle at some distance from the PN. Each bundle was composed of several subvessels (∼5 μm). Clustered round microcells (1–25 μm), scattered flat oval cells (∼15 μm), and amorphous extracellular matrix were observed on the surface of the PVS tissue.ConclusionsThe results newly showed that the primo bundle is a structural unit of both PVs and PNs. A bundle was demarcated by high CT intensity and mesothelial cells and consisted of multiple subvessels. The PN bundles contained also sinuses.     

敷胸膏对流感病毒肺炎大鼠肺组织JNK,MKK4表达的影响

目的:探讨清肺通络敷胸膏对流感病毒肺炎大鼠肺组织中c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK),丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶4(MKK4)表达的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法:幼龄Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、敷胸膏高、中、低剂量组(21.0,10.5,5.25 g·kg-1),每组10只。除正常组外,其余各组采用甲型流感病毒鼠肺适应株A/FM/47(H1N1)0.1 m L滴鼻建立流感病毒肺炎模型,造模成功后各治疗组给予不同剂量敷胸膏治疗5 d。苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察各组大鼠肺组织病理变化,免疫组化检测大鼠肺组织中JNK及MKK4的蛋白表达,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)进一步检测肺组织中JNK及MKK4 mRNA表达水平。结果:HE染色结果提示,与模型组比较,敷胸膏高、中、低剂量组能明显改善流感病毒肺炎大鼠肺组织损伤程度,随剂量增大而逐渐增强。免疫组化与Resl-time PCR结果显示,与正常组比较,模型组JNK,MKK4蛋白及mRNA表达显著增强(P0.05);与模型组比较,敷胸膏高、中、低剂量组JNK,MKK4蛋白及mRNA表达均显著减弱(P0.05)。结论:敷胸膏对流感病毒肺炎大鼠的保护作用机制可能与下调MAPKs信号通路中JNK,MKK4的表达有关。     

黄金胶囊改善糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗与PI-3K,GLUT4蛋白的表达

目的:研究黄金胶囊对糖尿病(DM)大鼠磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI-3K),葡萄糖转运因子4(GLUT4)在肝脏及骨骼肌组织中的蛋白表达,并探讨其改善大鼠血糖的可能机制。方法:SPF级雄性Wistar大鼠65只,血糖在4.77~7.77 mmol·L~(-1)的大鼠入选,入选大鼠60只,正常组12只外,其余大鼠采用高脂饲料喂养联合小剂量链脲佐菌素ip的方法,建立DM大鼠模型。将造模成功大鼠随机分为黄金胶囊组(2.025 g·kg~(-1)),罗格列酮组(0.36 mg·kg~(-1)),模型组,继续高脂饲料喂养,并予以相应药物ig治疗10周,其中模型组与正常组均予以生理盐水ig,观察大鼠一般状态,体重及摄食量,干预10周后,予10%水合氯醛麻醉大鼠,检测大鼠空腹血糖(FBG),空腹胰岛素(FINS)及胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)。采用苏木素-伊红(HE)检测各组大鼠肝脏、骨骼肌组织的病理改变及免疫组化检测PI-3K和GLUT4蛋白的表达。结果:与正常组比较,模型组DM大鼠FBG,FINS水平明显升高,ISI水平明显降低,肝脏及骨骼肌组织中PI-3K,GLUT4蛋白表达明显降低(P0.05),病理学检测发现大鼠肝脏、骨骼肌组织的病变较为明显;与模型组比较,药物干预后,黄金胶囊组与罗格列酮组均可降低DM大鼠的FBG,FINS水平,提高ISI水平,明显升高肝脏及骨骼肌组织中PI-3K,GLUT4蛋白表达(P0.05),大鼠肝脏、骨骼肌组织的病变明显改善。结论:黄金胶囊提高胰岛素敏感性的作用,与激活肝脏及骨骼肌组织胰岛素信号传导通路中PI-3K和GLUT4的蛋白表达有关。     

Synergistic Effects of CO2 and LED Lighting on Accumulation of Terpenes in Roots of Gynura bicolor

Objective To investigate the essential oil profile and terpenes accumulation in the roots of Gynura bicolor(Asteracese) treated by CO2 and LED lighting. Methods G. bicolor herbs were treated by CO2 at the levels of 450(control) and 1200(elevated) μmol/mol and LED lighting with white light, RB20(red/blue=8/2) and RB40(red/blue=6/4). Headspace solid-phase micro-extraction-GC MS was employed to analyze terpenes from the essential oil of the roots. Results In all treated-roots, the major components of terpenes were(E)-β-farnesene, α-, β-caryophyllene, δ-, β-, γ-elemene, and α-pinene. Increasing CO2 significantly decreased mono- and sesqui-terpenes in the roots under all light conditions, leading to the decreasing yields of the essential oils. Terpenes were at a higher level in RB20-treated roots than that in RB40-treated ones under both control and elevated CO2. Conclusion CO2(450 μmol/mol) and 20 % blue LED lights are more conducive to the accumulation of terpenes in the roots than 1200 μmol/mol CO2 and 40% blue LED lights.