半夏泻心汤对脓毒症大鼠肠道机械屏障的保护作用研究

目的观察半夏泻心汤对脓毒症大鼠肠道机械屏障的保护作用,并初步探讨其相关机制。方法将30只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、脓毒症组和半夏泻心汤组。采用盲肠结扎穿孔(CLP)法制备脓毒症大鼠模型。对照组只开腹后关腹,其他操作相同。半夏泻心汤组在成模时开始灌胃中药。对照组和脓毒症组在成模时灌胃生理盐水。成模后72 h处死大鼠,留取血清和肠道组织标本进行组织病理学评价,检测血清内毒素、D-乳酸、二胺氧化酶(DAO)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)含量以及组织TNF-α、IL-10的基因表达。结果半夏泻心汤组大鼠肠道组织病理损伤情况较脓毒症组明显减轻。半夏泻心汤组血清内毒素、D-乳酸、DAO、TNF-α含量均较脓毒症组显著减少,而IL-10含量较脓毒症组显著增加(P<0.05)。半夏泻心汤组肠道组织TNF-α的基因表达水平较脓毒症显著降低,而IL-10的基因表达水平较脓毒症显著增加(均P<0.05)。结论半夏泻心汤能减轻炎症反应,对脓毒症大鼠肠道机械屏障具有保护作用,其机制可能是通过上调IL-10表达和抑制TNF-α表达实现的。     

积雪草苷对小鼠脓毒症致急性肾损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨积雪草苷对盲肠结扎穿孔(cecal ligation and puncture,CLP)所致小鼠脓毒症诱导的急性肾损伤的影响.方法:48只昆明小鼠随机分为假手术组、CLP模型组、CLP+积雪草苷15,45 ng·kg-1治疗组.记录一般情况及24 h死亡率,并于手术后24 h,试剂盒测血清尿素氮(urea nitrogen,BUN)、肌酐(creatinine,Cr),酶联免疫法(ELISA)测血清白介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6),免疫印迹法检测肾脏诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS)蛋白含量,并取肾脏组织作组织学分析.结果:与CLP模型组相比,积雪草苷降低了脓毒性小鼠死亡率,且剂量依赖性地减轻肾脏组织损伤,降低了血清BUN,Cr,IL-6水平及肾脏中iNOS蛋白含量.结论:积雪草苷对脓毒症致急性肾损伤具有保护作用,该作用可能与其降低血清IL-6及肾脏中iNOS蛋白含量有关.     

大黄-丹参通过miRNA-155对脓毒症大鼠血清炎症因子水平的影响

目的探讨大黄-丹参通过miRNA-155对脓毒症大鼠血清中炎症因子水平的影响。方法 Wistar大鼠分为正常对照组、脓毒症模型组、大黄-丹参中药组、miRNA-155抑制剂组,每组15只。除正常组大鼠外,其余大鼠建立脓毒症模型,在此基础上给予相应的药物干预。在造模3 h后检测大鼠血清中IL-6、IL-10水平;应用RT-PCR检测大鼠血清中miRNA-155的表达。结果脓毒症模型组大鼠血清miRNA-155表达、IL-6和IL-10水平较正常对照组高(P0.05),大黄-丹参中药组和miRNA-155抑制剂组的miRNA-155表达、IL-6和IL-10水平均较脓毒症模型组低(P0.05),大黄-丹参中药组和miRNA-155抑制剂组的miRNA-155表达、IL-6和IL-10水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论大黄-丹参或可通过miRNA-155降低脓毒症大鼠血清IL-6、IL-10水平,从而减轻脓毒症炎症反应。     

远志提取物对抑郁大鼠肠道菌群的作用研究

目的探讨远志提取物对抑郁大鼠肠道菌群的影响及其可能的作用机制。方法采用孤养结合慢性不可预知性温和应激(chronic unpredictable mild stress,CUMS)方法建立抑郁大鼠模型,SD大鼠随机分为对照组、空白给药组、模型组、氟西汀(2mg/kg)组和远志提取物高、中、低剂量(1.5、1.0、0.5g/kg)组。观察各组大鼠行为学并检测海马组织单胺类神经递质及其代谢物水平;采用ELISA法检测大鼠血清中促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子(corticotropin-releasing factor,CRF)、促肾上腺皮质激素(adrenocorticotropic hormone,ACTH)、皮质酮(corticosterone,CORT)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)和脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)水平;采用透射电镜(TEM)观察大鼠十二指肠和结肠上皮的超微结构变化;采用16S rRNA测序检测大鼠粪便肠道菌群的结构变化。结果与模型组比较,远志提取物可明显改善大鼠的抑郁样行为(P0.05、0.01、0.001),显著升高海马组织中去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine,NE)、5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)、二羟基苯乙酸(dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid,DOPAC)和5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid,5-HIAA)水平(P0.05、0.01、0.001),显著降低血清中CRF、ACTH、CORT、IL-6和LPS水平(P0.01、0.001),减轻其下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质(hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal,HPA)轴的功能亢进状态;同时远志提取物对大鼠肠道内的菌群失调具有调节作用。结论远志提取物可以通过改善肠道菌群结构、恢复肠屏障功能、降低肠源性内毒素释放、减轻机体炎症水平,从而发挥抗抑郁作用。     

参麦注射液联合川芎嗪对脓毒症小鼠肝脏的保护作用

目的探讨参麦联合川芎嗪注射液对脓毒症小鼠肝脏的保护作用。方法采用盲肠结扎穿孔(Cecal ligation and puncture,CLP)方法诱导形成脓毒症。将雄性成年的昆明小鼠随机分为5组,分别是假手术组、模型组、参麦注射液治疗组、川芎嗪注射液治疗组和参麦联合川芎嗪注射液治疗组。CLP术前24,12,1 h各组小鼠分别腹腔注射参麦注射液和川芎嗪注射液或者等计量的生理盐水。观察CLP造模后24 h各组小鼠血清中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白介素6(IL-6)含量、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活性以及肝脏组织中丙二醛(MDA)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)水平,并观察各组小鼠的存活率及其肝脏组织的病理变化。结果参麦、川芎嗪及参麦联合川芎嗪三组药物治疗组的脓毒症小鼠其死亡率、血清中炎症因子(TNF-α、IL-6)含量、肝脂质过氧化(MDA、MPO)水平、ALT/AST及其肝脏病理损伤程度均较模型组明显减轻,尤以参麦联合川芎嗪给药治疗组疗效最为显著。此外,联合给药治疗组血清中的炎症因子(TNF-α、IL-6)水平较单一用药组显著降低。结论参麦联合川芎嗪注射液较单一用药能够更有效地抑制炎症反应,提高脓毒症小鼠的存活率、减轻肝脏损伤。     

参麦注射液对脓毒症保护作用的实验研究

目的研究参麦注射液对盲肠结扎穿孔(CLP)脓毒症大鼠血清促炎性递质和C反应蛋白(CRP)水平的影响,探讨参麦注射液对脓毒症的保护作用。方法96只SD大鼠随机分为A组、B组、C组,各32例,CLP造模后A组、B组皮下注射生理盐水(5 mL/kg),C组皮下注射参麦注射液(5 mL/kg),并于术后12,24,36,48 h测量3组SD大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8和CRP水平。结果CLP造模后B、C 2组血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8和CRP水平均明显升高,C组在各时点TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8和CRP水平均显著低于B组(P均<0.01)。结论参麦注射液可显著降低脓毒症大鼠血清促炎性递质和CRP水平,可能对脓毒症具有保护作用。     

血必净注射液对脓毒症大鼠存活率和肝肾功能影响的研究

目的探讨具有活血化瘀作用的药物血必净注射液对脓毒症大鼠存活率及肝肾功能的影响。方法采用盲肠结扎穿孔(CLP)致大鼠脓毒症模型,随机分为四组,并进行尾静脉注射血必净注射液,观察72h存活率及2、8、24、48h的肝肾功能,并进行相关分析。结果CLP术后,正常组和假手术组大鼠3d内全部存活。未治疗组及治疗组大鼠随时间延长而存活率均逐渐降低,治疗组大鼠在24、36、48、60h存活率较未治疗组升高有显著差异(P<0.05)。大鼠血清BUN于8和48h、Cr于48h、ALT于24和48h显著升高(P<0.05或0.01)。结论血必净治疗可显著降低CLP后升高的BUN、Cr和ALT。     

中药复方对糖尿病大鼠血浆内皮素、血清一氧化氮的影响

目的探讨中药复方对糖尿病大鼠血浆内皮素(ET)、血清一氧化氮(NO)的影响。方法选用健康SD雄性大鼠,采用链脲佐菌素53mg/kg一次性腹腔注射建立糖尿病大鼠模型,随机分为中药治疗组(CTG组)、西药治疗组(RTG组)、模型对照组(MCG组)、正常对照组(NCG组)。治疗8周后处死动物,收集血液,观察血糖(BG)、肾脏肥大指数(RW/BW)、尿微量白蛋白(UAlb)、血浆ET、血清NO的变化。结果MCG组、CTG组、RTG组较NCG组BG、RW/BW、24 hUAlb、血浆ET、血清NO均明显升高(P<0.01),CTG组和RTG组较MCG组RW/BW、24hUAlb、血浆ET、血清NO均明显降低(P<0.01),CTG组较RTG组RW/BW、24 hUAlb明显降低(P<0.01),血浆ET、血清NO也明显降低(P<0.05)。结论中药复方通过降低糖尿病大鼠RW/BW、24 hUAlb、血浆ET、血清NO水平从而起到延缓糖尿病早期肾脏病变进展的作用。     

Relationship between hyperlipidemia and the gut microbiome of rats,characterized using high-throughput sequencing

ObjectiveTo determine the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) on the gut microbiome in rats, to explore the relationship between the intestinal flora and blood lipid profile.MethodsSprague–Dawley rats were fed an HFD for four weeks to induce hyperlipidemia, then 16S rRNA sequencing was used to compare the intestinal flora between hyperlipidemic and control diet-fed rats.ResultsThe microbiome of rats fed an HFD for four weeks differed from that of control diet-fed rats. Bacterial species that were less abundant were most affected by HFD feeding, among which were many pathogenic species, which became significantly more abundant. Eighteen genera were present in significantly different numbers in hyperlipidemic and control rats, more than half of which have been linked to infection and inflammation, or energy intake and obesity. The results indicated a type of stress response of the flora to a high-fat environment. In addition, the age of the rats tended to influence the gut microbial composition.ConclusionThese findings suggest that HFD may induce hyperlipidemia by affecting the gut microbial composition. Changes in the abundance of pro-inflammatory and pathogenic bacteria, and those that influence energy intake and obesity, may be important mediators of this.     

早期肠内营养合中药干预对胃大部切除术后肠屏障功能的影响

目的探讨早期肠内营养合中药干预对胃大部切除大鼠肠黏膜屏障功能的影响及机制。方法将60只雄性SD大鼠建立胃大部切除模型,随机分成对照组,普通肠内营养组,肠内营养加四君子汤组。从术后第1天起连续营养支持7 d,各组等氮、等热卡。观察术前1 d、术后1 d、3 d和术后7 d的免疫指标(肠壁CD4 、CD8 、CD4 /CD8 ),肠黏膜通透性指标(D-乳酸)以及肠道细菌易位情况(血中细菌DNA检测)的变化。结果四君子汤组术后3 d后CD4 、CD8 、CD4 /CD8 水平显著高于对照组和肠内营养组(P<0.05),D-乳酸浓度、血中细菌DNA阳性率显著低于对照组和肠内营养组(P<0.05)。结论早期肠内营养合中药(四君子汤)干预可提高术后大鼠的免疫机能,降低肠黏膜通透性,明显改善肠黏膜屏障功能,减少肠道细菌易位的发生。     

Antioxidant and ntiinflammatory efficacy of curcumin on lung tissue in rats with sepsis

OBJECTIVE: To detect antioxidant and antiinflammatory efficacy of Curcumin(Cur) on lung tissue in rats with sepsis.METHODS: Totally 32 rats were divided into 4 groups; the rats in Group 1(control group) had abdominal incision under sterile conditions following anesthesia and the abdomen was sutured. Abdominal incision was performed in the rats in Group 2(Cur group) under sterile conditions following anesthesia and the abdomen was closed. Cur was given to this group after dissolving within dimethylsulphoxide as 100 mg/kg through oral gavage and started for 3 d before surgical procedure. Group 3(CLP group) had caecal ligation and punction(CLP)under sterile conditions to create sepsis following anesthesia and the abdomen was sutured. CLP was performed in the rats in Group 4(CLP + Cur group)under sterile conditions following anesthesia to create a sepsis model and the abdomen was closed.Cur was also given to this group after dissolving within dimethylsulphoxide as 100 mg/kg through oralgavageandstartedfor3 d before surgical proce-dure. All the rats were sacrificed through blood aspiration from the heart under sterile conditions following anesthesia and lung tissues were removed after 24 h following the surgical procedures. The tissue samples were homogenizated for biochemical analyses; and malondialdehyde(MDA), nitric okxide(NO), myeloperoxidase(MPO), superoxidedysmutase(SOD) nd catalase(CAT) were analyzed through spectrophotometric method, immunhistochemical i NOS staining was performed to assess the inflammation; and histopathological differences between the groups were evaluated.RESULTS: A statistically significant decrease was detected in the CLP + Cur group when compared with the CLP group of which Cur was not given in terms of MDA, MPO and NO levels(P 0.05) whereas a statistically significant elevation was fpund in the CLP + Cur group when compared with the CLP group in terms of SOD and CAT levels(P 0.05).CONCLUSION: The study outcomes revealed that supplementation of Cur presents an antioxidant effect by reducing the free radical level and increasing the antioxidant enzyme levels; and an antiinflammatory effect by reducing i NOS level.     

Electro-acupuncture promotes gut motility and alleviates functional constipation by regulating gut microbiota and increasing butyric acid generation in mice

ObjectiveAbnormalities in the gut microbiota and intestinal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels are implicated in the pathogenesis of functional constipation (FC). Electro-acupuncture (EA) has been shown to improve constipation-related symptoms and rebalance the gut microbiota. However, it is currently unknown whether the gut microbiota is a key mechanistic target for EA or how EA promotes gut motility by regulating the gut microbiota and SCFAs. Therefore, we assessed the effects of EA in FC mice and pseudo-germfree (PGF) mice to address these questions.MethodsForty female Kunming mice were randomly separated into a normal control group (n = 8), an FC group (n = 8), an FC + EA group (n = 8), a PGF group (n = 8) and a PGF + EA group (n = 8). The FC group and FC + EA group were treated with diphenoxylate to establish the FC model; the PGF group and PGF + EA group were given an antibiotic cocktail to initiate the PGF model. After maintaining the model for 14 d, mice in the FC + EA and PGF + EA groups received EA stimulation at the ST25 and ST37 acupoints, once a day, 5 times per week, for 2 weeks. Fecal parameters and intestinal transit rate were calculated to assess the efficacy of EA on constipation and gastrointestinal motility. Colonic contents were used to quantify gut microbial diversity using 16S rRNA sequencing, and measure SCFA concentrations using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.ResultsEA significantly shortened the first black stool defecation time (P < 0.05) and increased the intestinal transit rate (P < 0.01), and fecal pellet number (P < 0.05), wet weight (P < 0.05) and water content (P < 0.01) over 8 h, compared with the FC group, showing that EA promoted gut motility and alleviated constipation. However, EA treatment did not reverse slow-transit colonic motility in PGF mice (P > 0.05), demonstrating that the gut microbiota may play a mechanistic role in the EA treatment of constipation. In addition, EA treatment restored the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and significantly increased butyric acid generation in FC mice (P < 0.05), most likely due to the upregulation of Staphylococcaceae microorganisms (P < 0.01).ConclusionEA-mediated resolution of constipation occurs through rebalancing the gut microbiota and promoting butyric acid generation.Please cite this article as: Xu MM, Guo Y, Chen Y, Zhang W, Wang L, Li Y. Electro-acupuncture promotes gut motility and alleviates functional constipation by regulating gut microbiota and increasing butyric acid generation in mice. J Integr Med. 2023; Epub ahead of print.     

黄连解毒汤对脓毒症大鼠的心脏保护作用

目的探讨中成药黄连解毒汤对脓毒症大鼠心脏的保护作用。方法50只大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、黄连解毒汤组,采用盲肠结扎穿孔方法复制脓毒症模型,假手术组除不对盲肠进行结扎穿孔外,余同模型组;模型组和黄连解毒汤组分别在造模前后给予生理盐水和黄连解毒汤（1.5mL／100g）灌胃。观察黄连解毒汤对大鼠72h生存时间,血清肿瘤坏死因子（TNF—a）、肌酸激酶（CK）及其同工酶（CK—MB）水平,心肌组织形态学等指标的影响。结果黄连解毒汤组能够显著延长脓毒症大鼠的72h生存时间,降低脓毒症大鼠血清中CK、CK—MB及TNF—a水平,减轻心肌组织的损伤,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论黄连解毒汤有延长脓毒症大鼠的生存时间、减轻炎症因子对的心脏损伤、保护大鼠心脏功能的作用。     

Correlation of gut microbiota and neurotransmitters in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of gut microbiota on a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and explore the correlation of gut microbiota with behavior and neurotransmitters.MethodsWe established a single prolonged stress (SPS) model to examine the pathogenesis of PTSD on rat behavior, gut microbiota, and neurotransmitter levels. Rats were separated into control and model groups, and neurotransmitter levels were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Then, 16 S rRNA sequencing was used to compare the gut microbiota between the control and model groups.ResultsCompared with those in the control group, freezing time significantly increased, while number of standing upright, crossing frequency, time spent in the central arena, and total distance traveled were significantly reduced in the model group after exposure to SPS (all P < .05). Meanwhile, serotonin, or 5-hydroxytryptamine, levels in the brain in the model group were significantly lower than those the control group (P = .0332). In addition, changes were observed in the gut microbiota diversity and relative abundances of bacterial phyla, orders, families, and genera in the model group. Especially, changes in Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, and Proteobacteria levels were most pronounced after SPS exposure. Correlation analysis showed that the strongest positive correlation was found between Bacteroidaceae and 5-HT (P = .0009). Moreover, RF32 abundance was the most negatively related to 5-HT (P = .0009), crossing frequency (P = .0007), and total distance (P = .0003).ConclusionOur results suggest that SPS model rats showed differences in behavior, neurotransmitter levels, and gut microbiota with control rats. Moreover, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, and Proteobacteria were most relevant to the exhibited fear-like and anxiety-like behaviors and significant serotonin content reduction in SPS model rats.     

加味四君子汤对脾虚泄泻大鼠肠道菌群及sIgA的影响

目的观察加味四君子汤对脾虚泄泻大鼠肠道菌群及sIgA的影响。方法利福平加大黄灌胃建立大鼠肠道菌群失调及免疫功能紊乱的脾虚模型。SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、思密达组、四君子汤组、加味四君子汤低剂量组（8g/kg）和高剂量组（16g/kg）,每组10只,给予相应干预措施。干预15天后分别进行十二指肠形态学分析、肠道菌群检测、回肠和盲肠内容物中sIgA的测定。结果与正常对照组比较,模型组大鼠十二指肠细胞黏膜受损,肠绒毛长度、宽度和隐窝深度都显著减少（P〈0．05）;盲肠和回肠sIgA降低（P〈0．05）,并伴有菌群失调（P〈0．05）;与模型组比较,各治疗组大鼠上述指标均得以明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;加味四君子汤高剂量组各指标优于四君子汤组和思密达组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论加味四君子汤可能通过保护肠黏膜,调整肠菌群,提高sIgA的含量,发挥对机体整体的调节效应。     

脓毒症大鼠肝损伤机制及参附注射液治疗作用研究

目的:通过大白鼠肠穿孔建立脓毒血症模型,观察大白鼠肝组织中核因子-κB(NF-κB)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),并使用参附注射液治疗,探讨大白鼠脓毒血症引起肝损伤的发病机制和参附注射液的治疗作用。方法:手术造成大白鼠肠穿孔并引发脓毒血症。健康大白鼠65只,随机分为正常对照组(NS组)、实验组(CLP组)和治疗组(SF组)。NS组开腹,分离出盲肠,穿线不结扎-穿孔,然后关腹,术后腹腔注射生理盐水(20mL/kg)。CLP组开腹,分离出盲肠,结扎并穿孔,然后关腹,术后腹腔注射生理盐水(20mL/kg),然后关腹。SF组术后腹腔注射参附,然后关腹,并每隔10h追加一次给药。根据不同时间点将CLP组和SF组分为3h、6h、12h、24h四个亚组,每个亚组各5只大鼠,在4个不同手术时间点分别通过腹主动脉取血,并无菌提取肝组织标本,检测单个核细胞中NF-κB活性、TNF-α水平。结果:与NS组对比,CLP组:①单个核细胞中NF-κB活性明显增高,6h最明显(P<0.01);②血清TNF-α浓度明显升高,6h最明显(P<0.01);SF组与CLP组对比,参附注射液可显著降低NF-κB活性、TNF-α水平(P<0.01)。结论:①NF-κB和TNF-α参加了脓毒血症的发生发展,导致肝脏损伤;②参附注射液可能通过减少NF-κB以及TNF-α的释放,减轻肝脏损伤,对脓毒血症起治疗作用。     

经皮耳迷走神经刺激干预功能性消化不良模型大鼠的效应及机制研究

ObjectiveTo explore the effect and its possible mechanism of the intervention of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) for the functional dyspepsia (FD) model rats.MethodsOf the 25 male SD rats, 6 rats were set as blank group, the other 19 rats were established to be the functional dyspepsia (FD) model by iodoacetamide intragastric administration, and 18 FD models were successfully established. The 18 model rats were randomly divided into a model group, a sham-taVNS group, and taVNS group, with 6 rats in each group. There was no intervention applied to the rats in the blank and model groups. Whereas, the rats in sham-taVNS group received stimulation to the rim of auricular concha of both sides, and those in taVNS group received stimulation to the cavity of auricular concha of both sides, for 30 min each time, once a day, 7 days in succession. After the intervention, the gastric sensitivity of the rats in each group under different pressure conditions in the stomach, the expressions of serum brain-gut peptide motilin (MTL), cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-likepeptide1 (GLP-1), and inflammatory factors IL-4, IL-10, and IL-1β were detected.Results(1) Gastric sensitivity: compared with the blank group, the gastric sensitivity of the model group was higher (P <0.05). Compared with the model group, the gastric sensitivity of the taVNS group was lower (P < 0.05). Compared with the sham-taVNS group, the gastric sensitivity of the taVNS group was lower (P <0.05).(2) Expression of brain-gut peptide: compared with the blank group, MTL was lower, CCK and GLP-1 were higher in the model group (all P <0.05). Compared with the model group, MTL was higher, CCK and GLP-1 were lower in the taVNS group (all P <0.05). Compared with the sham-taVNS group, CCK and GLP-1 were lower in the taVNS group (both P<0.05). (3)Expression of inflammatory factors: compared with the blank group, IL-4 and IL-10 were lower and IL-1β was higher in the model group (all P <0.05). Compared with the model group, IL-10 was higher and IL-1β was lower in the sham-taVNS group (all P <0.05), while IL-4 and IL-10 were higher and IL-1β was lower in the taVNS group (all P <0.05). Compared with the sham-taVNS group, IL-4 and IL-10 were higher and IL-1β was lower in the taVNS group (all P <0.05).ConclusionTaVNS can reduce the gastric sensitivity of FD model rats by peripheral anti-inflammatory action and regulating the abnormal secretion of brain-gut peptide.     

Identification of NF-κB Inhibitors in Xuebijing injection for sepsis treatment based on bioactivity-integrated UPLC-Q/TOF

Ethnopharmacological evidence

Inflammation plays an important role in sepsis, and NF-κB is a key mediator of inflammation. Xuebijing (XBJ) injection is a traditional Chinese medicine injection that was widely used in the treatment of sepsis in China. However, the active constituents and mechanism responsible for its actions have not been investigated experimentally.

Aim of the study

To screen the anti-inflammatory components in XBJ injection and investigate the modulation of NF-κB in the treatment of sepsis.

Materials and methods

In this study, the effect of XBJ was assessed in the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) -induced sepsis model. Subsequently, a bioactivity-integrated ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF) assay system was established for screening potential anti-inflammatory ingredients in XBJ. Ultimately, six active ingredients were confirmed through an in vitro test.

Results

XBJ significantly reduced the mortality rate, anal temperature and expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 induced by CLP. Nine potential anti-inflammatory ingredients, including gallic acid, danshensu, protocatechualdehyde, hydroxysafflor yellow A, oxypaeoniflorin, paeoniflorin, safflor yellow A, senkyunolide I and benzoylpaeoniflorin, were found based on the bioactivity-integrated UPLC-Q/TOF assay system. Among these compounds, the NF-κB inhibitor activity of senkyunolide I, safflor yellow A, oxypaeoniflorin, and benzoylpaeoniflorin are first reported here.

Conclusions

XBJ showed significant efficacy in the treatment of sepsis induced by CLP. Multiple targets of the different components were related to these anti-inflammatory effects, which contributed to the treatment of sepsis by XBJ in a clinical setting.