脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢功能与ADL移动动作能力的关系

目的:改善ADL能力是脑卒中康复主要目标。本文通过对脑卒中偏瘫患者ADL移动动作能力与患侧下肢功能之间关系的研究,判别影响ADL移动动作能力的下肢功能因素。方法:对55例患者用功能独立性测量中的转移和行进项目来评价患者的ADL移动动作能力,用简式Fugl-Meyer评价法评价下肢运动功能,用Motricity指数评价患侧下肢肌力,用Berg平衡量表评价患者的平衡能力。用Pearson相关分析方法来确定ADL移动动作能力和下肢功能之间的相关性;然后以ADL移动动作能力作为因变量用多元回归分析法的逐步回归法和路径分析法来确定影响ADL移动动作能力的下肢功能因素。结果:患者患侧下肢功能与ADL移动动作能力之间呈高度相关(r=0.541—0.670,P<0.001);其中平衡功能是影响ADL移动动作能力最重要的直接因素(R2=0.45,P<0.05)。结论:脑卒中偏瘫患者的下肢功能尤其是平衡功能是影响ADL移动动作能力的重要因素。     

老年髋关节置换术后病人跌倒恐惧现状调查及其影响因素分析

[目的]对老年髋关节置换术后病人进行跌倒恐惧调查并分析其影响因素,为临床医护人员有效预防病人出现跌倒恐惧、降低跌倒发生率提供参考依据。[方法]采用自行设计的一般资料调查问卷及活动平衡信心量表对107例老年髋关节置换术后病人进行调查。[结果]老年髋关节置换术后病人活动平衡信心量表得分为75.15分±4.15分,年龄及有无跌倒史是病人跌倒恐惧程度的独立影响因素。[结论]老年髋关节置换术后病人跌倒恐惧处于中等水平,医护人员应正确评估病人的年龄、有无跌倒史等因素,及早采取预防措施,减轻病人的跌倒恐惧感,促进其肢体功能和心理状态的康复。     

神经-运动再学习处方训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者的影响

目的：探讨神经-运动再学习处方训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者的影响。方法：选取2020年1月1日～2021年6月1日收治的80例脑卒中偏瘫患者作为研究对象,依据1∶1形式设置为观察组和对照组各40例,对照组实施基础护理干预,观察组实施神经-运动再学习处方训练;比较两组干预前后脑卒中病损程度[采用脑卒中病损评估表(SIAS)]、平衡功能[采用Fugl-Meyer平衡功能评价量表(FMA)]、移动指数[采用改良Rivermead移动指数(MRMI)]及下肢运动评分(采用下肢运动量表)。结果：干预后,两组SIAS、FMA、MRMI及下肢运动评分均优于干预前(P<0.01),且观察组优于对照组(P<0.01)。结论：对脑卒中偏瘫患者给予神经-运动再学习处方训练,可提高患者康复效果,降低脑卒中病损评分,改善患者平衡情况及移动指数。     

心理干预对脑卒中跌倒患者平衡功能及步行能力的影响

摘要 目的：观察心理干预对脑卒中跌倒患者平衡功能及步行能力的影响。 方法：将符合入选标准的脑卒中后有过跌倒史的60例患者随机分为观察组(30例)和对照组（30例）。两组患者均行常规康复训练,包括运动疗法、作业疗法、物理疗法、传统治疗等,观察组在此治疗基础上由治疗师在每次运动训练过程中给予心理干预。两组患者均在治疗前和治疗4周后,采用修订版跌倒效能量表（MFES）、Berg平衡量表（BBS）、简式下肢Fugl-Meyer(FMA-L)及功能性步行量表（FAC）进行评定。 结果：治疗前,两组患者的MFES,BBS,FMA-L及FAC评分差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。治疗4周后,两组与各自治疗前相比,评分均有增高,差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05);两组间比较,观察组评分明显大于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。 结论：在常规康复治疗基础上辅助心理干预,可显著提高脑卒中跌倒患者平衡功能及步行能力。     

运动想象疗法对脑卒中患者平衡能力和害怕跌倒的影响

目的评价运动想象疗法对脑卒中患者平衡能力和害怕跌倒的影响。方法抽取漯河市某三级甲等医院康复科脑卒中患者60例,随机分为试验组(30例)和对照组(30例),两组均进行常规康复治疗,试验组同时进行运动想象疗法。采用Berg平衡量表、单条目问题法和修订版跌倒效能量表比较两组干预效果。结果干预6周后,试验组平衡能力、跌倒效能和害怕跌倒发生率与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论运动想象疗法对于脑卒中患者平衡能力的恢复效果显著。     

运动想象训练联合任务导向性功能训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢功能恢复的影响

目的 探讨运动想象训练联合任务导向性功能训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢功能恢复的影响。 方法 采用随机数字表法将87例脑卒中偏瘫患者分为观察组（44例）及对照组（43例）。2组患者均给予常规康复干预(包括上、下肢肌力训练、良肢位摆放、平衡训练、转移训练及日常生活活动能力训练等),对照组患者在此基础上辅以任务导向性功能训练,观察组则辅以运动想象训练及任务导向性功能训练,2组患者均连续干预8周。于治疗前、治疗8周后分别采用简化Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表（FMA）下肢部分、Berg平衡量表（BBS）、Tinetti步态评估量表（TGA）及改良Barthel指数量表（MBI）对2组患者下肢功能、平衡能力、步态及日常生活活动（ADL）能力进行评定。 结果 干预后2组患者下肢FMA、BBS、TGA及MBI评分均较干预前显著提高（P<0.05）,并且观察组下肢FMA、BBS、TGA及MBI评分［分别为（23.3±4.1）分、（44.3±6.5）分、（7.9±2.1）分和（63.1±10.3）分）］亦显著优于同期对照组水平（P<0.05）。 结论 运动想象训练联合任务导向性功能训练可进一步改善脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢运动功能、平衡能力及步态,有助于提高患者ADL能力。     

老年血液透析患者认知衰弱现状及其与跌倒恐惧的相关性研究

目的 :调查老年血液透析患者认知衰弱现状及其与跌倒恐惧的关系。方法 :选取郑州市某两家医院共255例老年血液透析患者为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、Tilburg衰弱量表、修订版跌倒效能量表、蒙特利尔认知评估量表、临床痴呆评估量表对其进行调查。结果 :老年血液透析患者认知衰弱发生率为25.9%,跌倒恐惧总分为(66.09±19.15)分。年龄、性别、跌倒史、是否锻炼、血清白蛋白、血红蛋白是认知衰弱的影响因素(P0.05),认知衰弱组和非认知衰弱组跌倒恐惧水平存在差异(P0.05)。结论 :老年血液透析患者认知衰弱发生率及跌倒恐惧水平均较高,且认知衰弱可能影响跌倒恐惧水平,提示医务人员应加强对二者的关注,进行早期识别和干预。     

院外脑卒中患者跌倒原因调查

目的了解院外脑卒中患者跌倒的发生情况及危险因素。方法对12个月内有跌倒史的67例脑卒中患者进行调查,并进行平衡功能及计时起立行走测试。结果患者由于疾病等内因致跌倒66次(57.9%),环境等外因致跌倒35次(30.75%),不明确原因13次(11.4%)。平衡功能及计时起立行走测试显示,跌倒1次及2次的患者与跌到3次及以上的患者相比,差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论脑卒中患者发生跌倒与年龄、躯体平衡及移动能力、所患慢性疾病及服药情况、外界环境及时间因素有关。     

下肢智能康复机器人对脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢运动功能的影响

目的:观察下肢智能康复机器人训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢运动功能、平衡功能及步行能力的影响。方法:将80例脑卒中偏瘫患者随机分成对照组和干预组,各40例。2组均采用常规康复治疗,干预组在此基础上加用下肢智能康复机器人训练。采用简式Fugl-Meyer评分法(FMA)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)、功能性步行分级(FAC)、10 m最大步行速度、改良Barthel指数(MBI)、胫骨前肌表面肌电积分(iEMG)进行结局指标评价。结果:治疗12周后,2组患者BBS、FMA、MBI和iEMG评分均较治疗前明显升高(P=0.000),治疗后干预组评分明显高于对照组(P=0.000)。治疗后干预组FAC步行功能分级3级及以上者所占比例、10 m最大步行速度均优于对照组。结论:下肢智能康复机器人结合常规康复训练能明显提高脑卒中偏瘫患者的下肢运动功能、平衡功能及步行能力。     

凝视稳定训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者平衡功能和下肢运动功能的影响

目的：观察凝视稳定训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者平衡功能和下肢运动功能的疗效。方法：将58例脑卒中偏瘫患者随机分为观察组和对照组各29例。对照组给予常规康复训练,观察组在此基础上加用凝视稳定训练。治疗前和治疗6周后分别采用Berg平衡量表（BBS）评定静态和动态平衡功能,动态步态指数（DGI）评定动态平衡功能,Balance-B平衡评定与训练系统评定静态平衡功能和跌倒风险,Fugl-Meyer运动评分量表中下肢部分（FMA-LE）评定下肢运动功能,Holden步行功能分级（FAC）评定步行功能,改良Barthel指数（MBI）评定日常生活活动（ADL）能力。结果：治疗6周后,2组患者BBS、DGI、FMA-LE、FAC和MBI均较治疗前显著提高（P<0.01）,且观察组均更高于对照组（P<0.01,0.05）;2组患者X轴和Y轴重心偏移、X轴和Y轴重心移动平均速度、重心移动总轨迹长和跌倒风险系数均较治疗前显著下降（P<0.01）,且观察组均更低于对照组（P<0.01,0.05）。结论：凝视稳定训练能有效改善脑卒中偏瘫患者静态和动态平衡功能,降低跌倒风险,提高下肢运动功能、步行功能和ADL能力。     

Effects of a multifactorial fall prevention program on balance,gait, and fear of falling in post-stroke inpatients

[Purpose] This study investigated the effects of a multifactorial fall prevention program on balance, gait, and fear of falling in stroke patients. [Subjects] Twenty-five stroke patients were divided randomly into multifactorial fall prevention program group (n=15) and control treadmill group (n=10). [Methods] All interventions were applied for 30 min, five times per week, for five weeks. The fall prevention program included interventions based on the “Step Up to Stop Falls” initiative and educational interventions based on the Department of Health guidelines. For those in the treadmill group, the speed was increased gradually. The Korean falls efficacy scale and Korean activities-specific balance confidence scale were used to assess fear of falling. To assess balance and walking ability, the Korean performance-oriented mobility assessment scale and the 10-m and 6-minute walk tests were used. [Results] The fall prevention program interventions were found to be very effective at improving gait, balance, and fear of falling compared with the treadmill intervention and therefore seem appropriate for stroke patients. [Conclusion] A multifactorial fall prevention program is effective at improving balance, gait ability, and fear of falling. It is a more specific and broad intervention for reducing falls among inpatients in facilities and hospitals.Key words: Multifactorial fall prevention, Balance, Gait ability     

Fear of falling in stroke patients: relationship with previous falls and functional characteristics

The objectives of this study were to determine the relationship between fear of falling and functional characteristics of patients after stroke as well as to determine what characterizes fallers who score high fall-related self-efficacy, and nonfallers who score low fall-related self-efficacy. Patients (n=140) treated in a stroke unit during a 12-month period were included. On follow-up, fallers were identified and patients answered the questions in the Falls Efficacy Scale, Swedish version (FES-S). Assessments of motor capacity, functional mobility and balance were also made. In univariate analysis, low fall-related self-efficacy was significantly associated with increased age, female sex, earlier falls, visual and cognitive impairment, low mood and impaired physical function. In multivariate analysis, only earlier falls and physical function remained significant. Twenty percent of the patients scored low fall-related self-efficacy without having experienced a fall, and 11% who experienced a fall scored high fall-related self-efficacy. Impaired physical function was significantly associated with scoring low fall-related self-efficacy, for both fallers and nonfallers. Fear of falling is significantly associated with poor physical function and earlier falls. Falls Efficacy Scale, Swedish version could add useful information to a fall risk analysis. Patients scoring low fall-related self-efficacy should be offered fall prevention measures whether they have fallen or not.     

The association of balance capacity and falls self-efficacy with history of falling in community-dwelling people with chronic stroke

OBJECTIVES: To describe the frequency of falls; to relate capacity-based and self-efficacy measures to fall history; and to determine to what extent capacity-based and self-efficacy measures are explained by subject characteristics and stroke impairments. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Community. PARTICIPANTS: Convenience sample of 50 people with chronic stroke. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fall history, Falls Efficacy Scale-Swedish Version, fear of falling, and the mood subscore of the Stroke Impact Scale. Balance, strength, and functional mobility were measured using the Berg Balance Scale, timed sit to stand, and Timed Up & Go, respectively. RESULTS: Falls were reported by 40% (n=20) of subjects; 22% (n=11) reported multiple falls. Subjects with fall history had more fear of falling (relative risk [RR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-4.9), had less falls-related self-efficacy (P=.04), and more depressive symptoms (P=.02) than nonfallers. Subjects with multiple fall history had poorer balance (P=.02), more fear of falling (RR=5.6; 95% CI, 1.3-23), and used a greater number of medications (P=.04) than non- and 1-time fallers. Strength partially explained balance, mobility, and falls-related self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: Balance and falls-related self-efficacy are associated with fall history and should be addressed in people with chronic stroke.     

Balance score and a history of falls in hospital predict recurrent falls in the 6 months following stroke rehabilitation

OBJECTIVE: To investigate predictors of recurrent falls in adults who return to community dwelling after stroke rehabilitation. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Community. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-five adults with stroke (mean age +/- standard deviation, 68.1+/-12.8y). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Baseline measures included balance, gait speed, muscle strength and tone, activity level, hemianopia, visual contrast sensitivity, hemineglect, medication use, fear of falling, and depression. Participants kept a 6-month prospective falls diary after discharge from rehabilitation. RESULTS: Twenty-five (45%) participants reported falling, 12 had recurrent falls (> or =2 falls), and 13 fell once. Participants who fell recurrently had histories of falling during hospitalization or rehabilitation, poorer physical function measures, were taking more medications, and were more likely to have hemineglect than participants who fell once or did not fall (P<.05). A history of falling in the hospital or during rehabilitation, combined with poor balance (either Berg Balance Scale score <49 or step test score <7), predicted recurrent falls with sensitivity and specificity values greater than 80%. CONCLUSIONS: Falls are a common occurrence after stroke. The predictive model developed can be used to identify people who are likely to have recurrent falls in the 6 months after stroke rehabilitation.     

自适应平衡康复训练装置对老年脑卒中患者平衡功能及害怕跌倒的影响

目的观察自适应平衡康复训练装置对老年脑卒中患者平衡功能及害怕跌倒的影响,探讨其改善平衡功能,降低害怕跌倒,提高移动能力的作用。方法选取2018年3月至2020年10月在大连康复疗养中心接受康复治疗的老年脑卒中患者46例,采用随机数字表分为对照组和实验组,每组各23例。对照组给予常规康复训练,实验组在常规康复训练基础上,给予自行研制的自适应平衡康复训练装置治疗。于治疗前(M0)、治疗1个月(M1),治疗3个月(M3)后分别采用Berg平衡量表(BBS)、中文修订版跌倒效能量表(MFES)及起立-行走测试(TUGT)对两组患者进行疗效评定。结果在M0、M1两组各项评分比较,均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。M3,实验组BBS评分(39.48±2.35)分、MFES评分(87.47±11.67)分、TUGT计时(21.06±1.80)s较对照组BBS评分(38.09±1.13)分、MFES评分(80.76±10.45)分、TUGT计时(22.82±2.10)s均有改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论自适应平衡康复训练装置能够有效改善老年脑卒中后平衡功能,降低害怕跌倒,提...     

Falls in community-dwelling stroke survivors: an accumulated impairments model

Falling has been identified as a major complication in persons who have had a stroke. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of accumulated impairments on the risk of falling in community-dwelling stroke survivors. METHODS: Community-dwelling stroke survivors were identified from the Kansas City Stroke Study, a large cohort study of stroke survivors. We evaluated the subjects within 14 days of stroke onset. Impairments were determined at baseline and were defined as motor = Fugl-Meyer lower-limb score > 28, sensory = sensory score on National Institutes of Health (NIH) Stroke Scale > 0, and visual = hemianopsia score on NIH Stroke Scale > 0. Accumulated impairments were characterized as motor only (n = 101), motor + sensory (n = 88), and motor + sensory + visual (n = 47). The reference group did not possess motor, sensory, or visual impairments. We completed follow-ups at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months poststroke to determine the fall status of the subjects. RESULTS: Two hundred eighty subjects were included. Falls were reported by 142 subjects (51%) between 1 month and 6 months poststroke. Univariate analysis revealed that the risk of falling for subjects with motor impairment only was odds ratio (OR) = 2.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05 to 4.70), motor + sensory impairments OR = 3.1 (95% CI 1.46 to 6.79), and motor + sensory + visual impairments OR = 2.4 (95% CI 1.05 to 5.83) as compared to the group with no motor, sensory, and visual impairments. In multiple logistic regression, the risk of falling increased with motor impairment only and motor + sensory impairments. However, the motor + sensory + visual impairments group had a lower risk of falling. Secondary analysis revealed a significant difference in mobility scores (Orpington Prognostic Scale-balance) among individuals with motor impairment only, motor + sensory impairments, motor + sensory + visual impairments, and the reference group. This lower risk of falling in stroke survivors with motor + sensory + visual impairments may be explained by more involved strokes, more impaired balance, and subsequently less mobility, therefore, lowering their risk of falling. In conclusion, community-dwelling persons who have had a stroke are at a higher risk of falling. However, the risk of falling is not linearly related to the number of impairments. Individuals with motor, sensory, and visual impairments are less mobile and less likely to fall than those individuals with motor deficits only or motor and sensory deficits.     

Factors associated with fear of falling among frail older adults

Some factors increase the fear of falling in frail older adults. Our aim is to quantify the influence of these factors. This cross-sectional study involved 229 community-dwelling prefrail and frail older adults aged 70 years and older. Fear of falling was moderate in 38.9% of our sample and high in 12.2%. Higher values were observed in women, those living alone, and those meeting criteria for slowness and feelings of exhaustion. A linear regression showed that being a woman, a history of falls, and depressive symptoms were related to higher fear of falling, while high levels of independence in basic and instrumental activities of daily living, along with good gait and balance, were associated with lower fear of falling. Screening for depressive symptoms and fear of falling in the comprehensive geriatric assessment of frail community-dwelling older adults could help to support preventive strategies.     

骨盆辅助式康复机器人联合重复经颅磁刺激对脑卒中后偏瘫患者下肢功能的影响

目的 观察骨盆辅助式康复机器人联合重复经颅磁刺激对脑卒中后偏瘫患者下肢功能的影响。 方法 采用随机数字表法将40例脑卒中后偏瘫患者分为对照组（20例）和实验组（20例）,2组均给予常规康复训练和康复机器人训练,实验组在此基础上辅以重复经颅磁刺激仪,刺激部位为健侧第一躯体皮质运动区（M1）,频率1.0 Hz,强度80%静息运动阈值,连续刺激20 min,刺激时间5 s,间隔时间5 s,每次予以600个脉冲刺激,每周5次,连续治疗8周。于治疗前和治疗8周后（治疗后）采用简式Fugl-Meyer运动量表下肢部分（下肢FMA评分）、Berg平衡量表（Berg评分）和Holden步行功能分级量表（Holden分级）评定2组患者的下肢运动功能、平衡功能和步行能力。 结果 治疗后,2组患者的下肢FMA评分、Berg评分和Holden分级均较组内治疗前均显著改善,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,且实验组的下肢FMA评分、Berg评分和Holden分级分别（22.05±2.93）分、（39.15±2.68）分和（3.45±0.83）级,明显优于对照组治疗后,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。 结论 骨盆辅助式康复机器人联合重复经颅磁刺激可有效地改善脑卒中偏瘫患者的下肢运动功能,提高其平衡功能和步行能力。