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目的 探讨多切面联合超声在中晚孕胎儿心脏病筛查中的应用价值.方法 应用彩超筛查孕18~36周胎儿共16 500例.并通过尸体解剖证实和产后超声随访对照.对四腔心观(FCV)、四腔心+三血管-气管观(FCV+3VT)及多切面联合3种方法的诊断价值进行分析.结果 共检出先天性心脏病胎儿共96例.多切面联合法的Youden指数(0.904 5)优于FCV法(0.511 7)和FCV+3VT法(0.797 2),P<0.05.3种方法中以多切面联合法的Youden指数及灵敏度最高,漏诊率最低.结论 多切面联合扫查的灵敏度最高,漏诊率最低,可作为产前超声筛查中晚期妊娠胎儿心脏的适宜方法.  相似文献   

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诊断超声对中孕宫内胎儿肾脏超微结构影响的研究   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
目的:探讨诊断用超声波对中孕宫内胎儿检查是否安全及安全阈值剂量。方法:将18名中孕妇女随析分四组,Ⅰ组(对照组),Ⅱ组(超声照射5min组);Ⅲ组(超声照射10min组);Ⅳ组(超声照射30min组)。采用诊断超声辐射孕妇宫内胎儿肾脏器官,48小时经引产后取出胎儿肾脏组织进行超微结构研究。结果:Ⅳ组发现有肾小球与肾小管细胞核染色质不规则稀疏、线粒体肿胀,嵴模糊,内质网稍扩张;Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组无细菌超微结构改变。结论:诊断超声辐射孕妇宫内胎儿肾脏不超过10分钟,对胎儿肾脏超微结构无损害。  相似文献   

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目的研究妊娠期高血压疾病中、晚期肾动脉血流阻力指标变化特点。 方法对180例孕前血压正常孕妇前瞻性检测妊娠20~24、30~34周肾主干、肾段、肾弓形动脉血流阻力指标[S/D(S:收缩期最大血流速度,D:舒张末期血流速度)、PI(搏动指数)、RI(阻力指数)],观察孕期的变化并进行随访;同期检测50例正常未孕妇女作为对照(1组)。 结果12例发展为妊娠期高血压(2组)、10例子痫前期(轻度6例、重度4例)(3组),158例妊娠结局正常(4组)。2、3、4组肾主干、段、弓形动脉S/D、PI、RI在妊娠20~24、30~34周内以及之间分别进行比较,差异均无统计学意义(P〉0.05);各妊娠组与1组比较,差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05);各组肾主干、肾段、肾弓形动脉S/D、PI、RI进行比较亦无差异(P〉0.05)。 结论肾各级动脉S/D、PI、RI在妊娠期高血压疾病孕期的变化不大,不必将其作为妊娠期高血压疾病发病前常规检测项目。  相似文献   

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  目的  研究中孕筛查期正常胎儿大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery, MCA)、脐动脉(umbilical artery, UmA)及孕妇子宫动脉(uterine artery, UtA)血流动力学参数的关系, 并探讨各项参数与胎儿生长发育的相关性。  方法  2011年6月至2012年7月于本院超声医学科就诊的常规中孕筛查期(20~24+6周)孕妇206名, 测量胎儿常规物理测量指标如双顶径、头围、腹围及股骨长; 测量MCA、UmA及UtA的血流动力学参数, 包括峰值流速(peak flow velocity, PSV)、阻力指数(resistance index, RI)、搏动指数(pulsatility index, PI), 计算大脑胎盘搏动指数比值(CPR=MCA-PI/UmA-PI)和阻力指数比值(CRR=MCA-RI/UmA-RI)。  结果  孕20~24+6周胎儿MCA-PSV范围为13.63~37.96 cm/s, 随孕周增加而呈递增趋势; 而MCA-RI、MCA-PI、UmA-RI、UmA-PI、UtA-RI、UtA-PI及CPR、CRR随孕周变化不明显。MCA-RI与UmA-RI(r=0.51, P < 0.01)、MCA-PI与UmA-PI呈显著相关性(r=0.65, P < 0.01), 而UtA-RI、UtA-PI与MCA和UmA的相应指数均无明显相关性。MCA-PSV(cm/s)和孕周(GA, 周)呈线性相关关系:MCA-PSV=-0.17+1.02×GA(r=0.67, P < 0.01)。MCA-PSV与双顶径、头围具有相关性(r=0.29, P < 0.01;r=0.32, P < 0.01)。  结论  中孕筛查期胎儿MCA的RI和PI与UmA相应指数密切相关, 而与UtA血流动力学参数的相关性不大; MCA-PSV与孕周关系密切, 并受脑部发育的影响。  相似文献   

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目的研究中孕筛查期正常胎儿大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery,MCA)、脐动脉(umbilical artery,UmA)及孕妇子宫动脉(uterineartery,UtA)血流动力学参数的关系,并探讨各项参数与胎儿生长发育的相关性。方法2011年6月至2012年7月于本院超声医学科就诊的常规中孕筛查期(20—24“周)孕妇206名,测量胎儿常规物理测量指标如双顶径、头围、腹围及股骨长;测量MCA、UmA及UtA的血流动力学参数,包括峰值流速(peak flow velocity,PSV)、阻力指数(resistance index,RI)、搏动指数(pulsatility index,PI),计算大脑胎盘搏动指数比值(CPR=MCA—PI/UmA-PI)和阻力指数比值(CRR=MCA.R//UmA—RI)。结果孕20~24+6周胎儿MCA—PSV范围为13.63—37.96cm/s,随孕周增加而呈递增趋势;而MCA—RI、MCA—PI、UmA—RI、UmA。PI、UtA.RI、UtA-PI及CPR、CRR随孕周变化不明显。MCA-RI与UmA—RI(r=0.51,P〈0.01)、MCA-PI与UmA-PI呈显著相关性(r=0.65,P〈0.01),而UtA—R1、UtA—PI与MCA和UmA的相应指数均无明显相关性。MCA—PSV(cm/s)和孕周(GA,周)呈线性相关关系:MCA—PSV=-0.17+1.02×GA(r=0.67,P〈0.01)。MCA.PSV与双顶径、头围具有相关性(r=0.29,P〈0.01;r=0.32,P〈0.01)。结论中孕筛查期胎儿MCA的RI和PT与UmA相应指数密切相关,而与UtA血流动力学参数的相关性不大;MCA—PSV与孕周关系密切,并受脑部发育的影响。  相似文献   

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目的使用超声参数较为全面、系统的评估妊娠期高血压疾病母胎心功能及胎儿生长发育,为母胎一体化管理提供有价值的信息。方法选取孕周28~41+6周的孕妇150例,妊娠期高血压疾病孕妇60例为疾病组,与其孕龄匹配且血压正常的孕妇90例为对照组。测量的超声参数:(1)孕妇LVDd、LAD、IVSTd、LVPWTd、LVEF、二尖瓣环运动速度的Ea/Aa值。(2)胎儿右心室Tei指数。(3)胎儿BPD、HC、AC、FL。结果疾病组孕妇LVDd、LAD、IVSTd、LVPWTd均较对照组增高(P<0.05),疾病组孕妇舒张功能减低者较对照组增多(P<0.05),疾病组胎儿右心室Tei指数较对照组增高(P<0.05),与孕妇血压呈正相关(P<0.05),疾病组胎儿BDP、HC、AC、FL均较对照组减小(P<0.05)。结论通过对妊娠期高血压疾病孕妇母胎心功能及胎儿生长发育超声参数的研究,可对妊娠期高血压疾病母胎情况进行监测。  相似文献   

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Solithromycin (CEM-101) is a new antibiotic that is highly potent against Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma spp. and active against many other antibiotic-resistant organisms. We have explored the maternal-amniotic-fetal pharmacokinetics of CEM-101 in a pregnant sheep model to assess its potential for treating intrauterine and antenatal infection. Chronically catheterized pregnant ewes (n = 6 or 7) received either a single maternal intravenous (i.v.) infusion of CEM-101 (10 mg/kg of body weight), a single intra-amniotic (i.a.) injection (1.4 mg/kg of estimated fetal weight), or a combined i.v. and i.a. dose. Maternal plasma (MP), fetal plasma (FP), and amniotic fluid (AF) samples were taken via catheter at intervals of 0 to 72 h postadministration, and concentrations of solithromycin and its bioactive polar metabolites (N-acetyl [NAc]–CEM-101 and CEM-214) were determined. Following maternal i.v. infusion, peak CEM-101 concentrations in MP, FP, and AF were 1,073, 353, and 214 ng/ml, respectively, representing a maternal-to-fetal plasma transfer efficiency of 34%. A single maternal dose resulted in effective concentrations (>30 ng/ml) in MP, FP, and AF sustained for >12 h. NAc–CEM-101 and CEM-214 exhibited delayed accumulation and clearance in FP and AF, resulting in an additive antimicrobial effect (>48 h). Intra-amniotic solithromycin injection resulted in elevated (∼50 μg/ml) and sustained CEM-101 concentrations in AF and significant levels in FP, although the efficiency of amniotic-to-fetal transfer was low (∼1.5%). Combined i.v. and i.a. administration resulted in primarily additive concentrations of CEM-101 in all three compartments. Our findings suggest that CEM-101 may provide, for the first time, an effective antimicrobial approach for the prevention and treatment of intrauterine infection and early prevention of preterm birth.  相似文献   

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OBJECTIVE

Offspring of mothers with impaired glucose tolerance are far more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. We tested the hypothesis that maternal glucose tolerance in pregnancy affects fetal insulin sensitivity or β-cell function.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In a prospective singleton pregnancy cohort study, we analyzed glucose, insulin, and proinsulin concentrations in maternal blood at the 50-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24–28 weeks of gestation and in venous cord blood (n = 248). The cord blood glucose-to-insulin ratio and proinsulin concentration were used as indicators of fetal insulin sensitivity and the proinsulin-to-insulin ratio was used as an indicator of fetal β-cell function.

RESULTS

Higher OGTT blood glucose levels were associated with significantly lower cord plasma glucose-to-insulin ratios (r = −0.31, P < 0.001) and higher proinsulin concentrations (r = 0.31, P < 0.001) but not with proinsulin-to-insulin ratios. In a comparison of gestational diabetic (n = 26) versus euglycemic pregnancy, cord blood glucose-to-insulin ratios were substantially lower (geometric mean 10.1 vs. 20.0 mg/dl/μU/ml; P < 0.001), whereas proinsulin concentrations were much higher (24.4 vs. 13.8 pmol/l; P < 0.001), despite similar cord blood glucose concentrations indicating adequate management of diabetes. The differences remained significant after controlling for prepregnancy and fetal adiposity, family history of diabetes, gestational age, and other potential confounders. Significant changes in the glucose-to-insulin ratio and proinsulin concentration were also observed in obese (n = 31) mothers, but the differences became not statistically significant after adjustment for maternal glucose tolerance and fetal adiposity.

CONCLUSIONS

Maternal glucose intolerance may impair fetal insulin sensitivity (but not β-cell function) and consequently “program” the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes.The metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes have become a worldwide epidemic of concern (1,2). The rapid rise of the epidemic over recent decades points to the predominant role of preventable “environmental” influences. The question is, what factors at what time points are critically important targets for effective interventions? There is an increasing recognition that the fetal environment may “program” susceptibility to the metabolic syndrome and related disorders (3,4). This suggests an opportunity for early interventions to halt the increasing occurrence of the metabolic syndrome if we could know more about the targets and mechanisms of metabolic programming in early life.Maternal metabolic status affects the fetal environment and plausibly has the potential to program the metabolic function axis of the offspring during critical developmental stages through various mechanisms (e.g., epigenetic changes) (5). Indeed, independent of the type of diabetes (pregestational type 1 or type 2 or gestational), offspring of diabetic mothers are far more likely to develop metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes (610). Most cases (∼90%) of diabetes in pregnancy are gestational diabetes mellitus (11). Mild gestational glucose intolerance not meeting the criteria for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus has also been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and elevated cord blood C-peptide levels (12). Obesity is closely associated with impaired glucose tolerance (2,13), and, recently, increased insulin resistance was observed among neonates of obese mothers (14). Taken together, these observations suggest that impaired glucose tolerance in pregnancy may program the propensity to development of the metabolic syndrome. However, there is a dearth of prospective pregnancy cohort data to demonstrate what metabolic parameters are programmed in utero. We aimed to test the hypothesis that maternal glucose tolerance in pregnancy affects fetal insulin sensitivity or β-cell function. Such a relationship may underlie the long-term predisposition to the metabolic syndrome and related disorders in offspring of diabetic mothers.  相似文献   

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目的 本研究旨在探索静脉导管a波反向在胎儿先天性心脏病(CHD)及胎儿宫内生长受限(FGR)中的临床价值.方法 选取不同孕周的57例孕妇,其中包括FGR胎儿32例,CHD胎儿25例.首先进行常规产前超声检查,然后行静脉导管检查,留取静脉导管彩色多普勒图像及其脉冲多普勒图像,观察是否存在a波反向.异常胎儿随访或产后超声复查,引产胎儿进行解剖对照分析.结果 1例室间隔完整的肺动脉闭锁及1例法洛氏四联症胎儿的静脉导管出现a波反向,1例静脉导管a波反向的FGR胎儿胎死宫内.结论 胎儿静脉导管a波反向有助于前负荷增加为特点的胎儿CHD的检出,是预示FGR胎儿不良结局的危险信号.  相似文献   

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目的对妊娠晚期孕妇自数胎动方法进行系统综述。方法计算机检索Cochrane系统评价数据库、循证卫生保健中心(Joanna Briggs Institute,JBI)系统评价数据库、最佳实践指南(Best Practice)、安大略省注册护士协会(Registered Nurses’Association of Ontario,RNAO)、荷兰医学文摘数据库、护理学及医疗相关文献累计索引(cumulative index to nursing and allied health literature,CINAHL)、Pub Med、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献数据库等9个数据库,收集妊娠晚期孕妇自数胎动方法的相关研究,根据纳入和排除标准筛选文献、提取资料及质量评价,并对文献进行定性分析。结果共纳入21篇文献,目前常用数胎动方法有时间固定法和胎动数固定法两类,对其具体方法、警戒值及处置方法进行总结比较后,发现两类方法的时间效率相当,而时间固定法敏感性较好,但假阳性率高。结论目前对于妊娠晚期孕妇自数胎动方法方面的研究已发表的高质量论文较少,提示应更新并发展我国临床实践中的自数胎动方法,协助孕妇选择适合自身的更准确、便捷的自数胎动方法,以提高孕妇自数胎动行为的依从性。  相似文献   

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目的探讨超声对中孕期胎儿畸形的诊断价值.方法对中孕期经超声诊断的胎儿畸形59例进行分析.结果 59例胎儿畸形中产前诊断与产后完全符合55例,漏诊4处畸形.单发畸形43例,复合畸形14例,多器官畸形2例.其中中枢神经系统畸形最多见.结论超声可实时观察宫内胎儿各器官发育情况,在中孕期及时发现先天性畸形,对临床有重要的诊断价值.  相似文献   

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目的 探讨乙型肝炎(简称乙肝)对于孕妇孕中期产前筛查结果的影响.方法 对14 611例正常孕妇和168例乙肝标志物HBsAg,HBeAg和HBcAb阳性(简称乙肝大三阳)的孕妇、364例乙肝标志物HBsAg,HBeAb和HBcAb阳性(简称乙肝小三阳)的孕妇进行神经管缺陷(NTD)筛查,并且对筛查出的高危NTD进行B超及随访至新生儿出生,评价三组的阳性率及假阳性率.结果 乙肝大三阳的孕妇高危NTD的阳性率为5.4%,假阳性率为5.3%,均高于正常孕妇(0.75%,0.5%)及乙肝小三阳孕妇(0.3%,0.3%).结论 乙型肝炎是导致孕妇产前筛查结果假阳性率增高的主要原因,建议对于乙肝大三阳的孕妇建立适合的风险判断标准.  相似文献   

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诊断超声对中孕宫内胎儿心脏超微结构影响的研究   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5  
目的: 探讨诊断用超声波对中孕宫内胎儿检查是否安全及安全阈值剂量。方法: 将20 名中孕妇女随机分四组, Ⅰ组 (对照组), Ⅱ组 (超声照射 5m in 组)、Ⅲ组 (超声照射10m in 组)、Ⅳ组 (超声照射30m in 组); 采用诊断超声辐射人体宫内胎儿心尖部位, 48 小时经引产后取出胎儿心脏 (心尖部位) 组织进行超微结构研究。结果:Ⅳ组除1 例无改变外, 其中4 例有改变, 表现心肌细胞核染色质细颗粒状分布稀少, 胞浆中肌纤维分布量少, 线粒体嵴模糊, 结构不清晰, 部分胞浆区域缺乏细胞器, 细胞间隙增宽。Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组无改变。结论: 诊断用超声照射不超过10m in 对心脏超微结构无明显损害。  相似文献   

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急性胎盘缺血时脐血流改变的实验研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
目的 研究在不同胎盘缺血情况下胎羊脐带动静脉血流信号的变化。方法 双胎妊娠母羊2只,分别对其胎羊进行结扎脐动脉,结扎胎盘小叶及螺旋脐带等处理,观察脐血流的改变。结果 结扎—根脐动脉使脐血流阻力增高,胎盘小叶被结扎60%时,脐动静脉血流均有改变。结论 胎盘代偿功能正常下出现胎盘缺血情况,胎羊通过一系列生理调节将脐血流维持在正常范围,胎盘功能失代偿时,先出现脐动脉血流变化,继而出现不可逆脐静脉血流变化。在胎盘缺血情况下,脐带螺旋易引起脐血流改变。  相似文献   

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目的调查妊娠早期和中期孕妇发生抑郁的状况,并分析其原因,以期为制定有针对性的护理措施提供依据。方法采用方便抽样法从省部级、市级、区级医院中各抽取一所医院,再从中整群抽取妊娠早期作产前检查的孕妇1051例为研究对象。于妊娠早期和妊娠中期,采用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(Edinburgh postnatal depression scale,EPDS)分别对其进行调查。结果妊娠早期发生抑郁者348例,占33.11%;妊娠中期发生抑郁者209例,占19.86%;妊娠早、中期都有抑郁者134例(12.75%)。妊娠早期研究对象EPDS各条目得分均为高于妊娠中期,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。两次调查中,均以"事情出错时我毫无必要责备自己"、"因心情不好而影响睡眠"、"因心情不好而哭泣"等3个条目得分最高。结论妊娠早期是妊娠期抑郁的高发期,部分妊娠早期抑郁孕妇会延续至妊娠中期。因此,应早期发现妊娠期抑郁孕妇,极早干预,以免抑郁延续至妊娠中期、晚期,甚至产后。  相似文献   

19.
目的 探讨STIC技术在测量中孕期胎儿卵圆孔面积中的应用价值,初步建立正常参考值范围并且研究卵圆孔形态及卵圆孔周边结构在三维超声下的超声表现.方法 选取在我院进行胎儿畸形筛查的孕妇250例,孕20~24周.在胎儿心脏条件下以四腔心为初始切面进行STIC容积数据采集,通过图像后处理,显示卵圆孔及其周围结构并测量卵圆孔最大面积.结果 250例胎儿中192例胎儿卵圆孔 STIC数据重建成功.在孕20~24周,卵圆孔面积随孕周增大而增大,与孕周呈正相关.卵圆孔的形态分为圆形、椭圆形及不规则形.卵圆孔周围结构,如上腔静脉、下腔静脉、冠状静脉窦及三尖瓣等结构及相互空间位置关系可显示.结论 STIC技术测量卵圆孔面积可行;在孕20~24周,卵圆孔面积随孕周增大而不断增大;STIC技术可观察卵圆孔形态及于周围结构的空间关系;监测卵圆孔面积可对卵圆孔提前关闭或卵圆孔过大等提供依据.  相似文献   

20.
目的 通过检测孕中期(15~19周)孕妇血清(妊娠相关血浆蛋白APAPPA)与(胎盘生长因子PIGF)的水平,评价该指标在预测孕末期子痫前期发生的作用。方法 采用前后测量的研究方法,选取2013年6月~2015年7月在渭南市妇幼保健院诊治的204例单胎孕妇,从孕中期一直观察至孕末期(36~40周)。其中孕末期89例诊断为子痫前期,115例为正常孕妇。分别检测其孕中期及孕末期PAPPA与PIGF水平等指标。结果 ①子痫前期患者,孕中期PAPPA与PIGF水平明显低于同期正常单胎孕妇(2.3 μg/ml vs 4.6 μg/ml,U=11.31,P=0.017; 78 pg/ml vs 160 pg/ml,U=8.26,P=0.003); ②子痫前期患者,孕末期PAPPA与PIGF明显低于其孕中期水平(1.6 μg/ml vs 2.3 μg/ml,U=9.41,P=0.011; 56 pg/ml vs 78 pg/ml,U=6.77,P=0.023); ③ROC曲线显示,孕中期PAPPA Cutoff值为2.2 μg/ml及PIGF Cutoff值为75 pg/ml时,子痫前期发生预测值特异度为61.7%,敏感度为87.8%,AUC为0.86(95%可信区间0.83~0.91)。结论 孕中期(15~19周)检测PAPPA与PIGF水平,可成为预测发生子痫前期的有用指标。  相似文献   

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