大容量人天然噬菌体单链抗体库的构建

目的：构建大容量和具有良好多样性的人天然噬菌体单链抗体库。方法：从人外周血分离淋巴细胞，提取mRNA后用RT—PCR技术采用新设计的引物扩增VH和VL基因片段，两者分别与Linker连接后，采用改进的重叠延伸PCR法将VH基因和VL基因连接成人单链抗体（scFv）基因（VH—Linker—VL片段），继而连接到噬菌粒载体pCANTAB5E中，连接产物通过电转化方法转入大肠杆菌TG1，构建噬菌体scFv抗体库。结果：所有VH、VL亚类基因都得到了扩增和有效的连接．经电转化E.coli TG1和噬菌体的超感染，构建了总库容达到了6×10^8的单链抗体库。结论：成功地构建了一个多样性良好的人源天然噬菌体抗体库，可用于制备具有应用前景的人源抗体。     

大容量人天然噬菌体单链抗体库的构建

目的：构建大容量和具有良好多样性的人天然噬菌体单链抗体库。方法：从人外周血分离淋巴细胞,提取mRNA后用RT-PCR技术采用新设计的引物扩增VH和VL基因片段,两者分别与Linker连接后,采用改进的重叠延伸PCR法将VH基因和VL基因连接成人单链抗体（scFv）基因（VH-Linker-VL片段）,继而连接到噬菌粒载体pCANTAB5E中,连接产物通过电转化方法转入大肠杆菌TG1,构建噬菌体scFv抗体库。结果：所有VH、VL亚类基因都得到了扩增和有效的连接,经电转化E.coliTG1和噬菌体的超感染,构建了总库容达到了6×10^8的单链抗体库。结论：成功地构建了一个多样性良好的人源天然噬菌体抗体库,可用于制备具有应用前景的人源抗体。     

利用噬菌体表面展示技术克隆抗人DR5抗体可变区基因

目的:利用噬菌体表面展示技术制备抗人DR5单链抗体.方法:从抗DR5杂交瘤细胞中提取总RNA,RT-PCR扩增VH和VL基因,并利用重叠扩增PCR将VH和VL拼接为scFv基因.将scFv与PAK100载体通过相同的酶切位点连接后,转化大肠杆菌XL1-Blue,经VSCM13辅助噬菌体拯救,构建成鼠抗人DR5单链抗体库...     

人源抗狂犬病毒免疫型抗体库的构建及特异性抗体筛选与鉴定

目的:利用噬菌体展示技术,构建人源抗狂犬病毒单链抗体库,筛选特异性的抗狂犬病毒糖蛋白人源单链抗体(scFv)并对其进行初步鉴定。方法:从接种狂犬疫苗的志愿者外周血中提取总RNA,RT-PCR扩增VH和VL基因,并利用重叠扩增PCR将VH和VL拼接为scFv。将纯化后的scFv克隆至噬菌体载体pComb3XSS构建人源抗狂犬病毒单链抗体库,以狂犬病毒糖蛋白(RABVG)为抗原,从抗体库中筛选抗RABVG的scFv。通过phage-ELISA验证噬菌体单链抗体的结合特异性,将阳性克隆转化E.coliTOP10F′进行表达。结果:构建了人源抗狂犬病毒抗体库,抗体库的库容为3.29×109。经过5轮筛选,获得43株与RABVG特异结合的噬菌体单链抗体,其中15个A450值较高的克隆序列分析结果显示,有3个正确的单链抗体基因。单链抗体基因转化TOP10F′构建工程菌,表达纯化后的单链抗体,经ELISA检测能够与RABVG特异性结合。结论:从构建的人源免疫型抗狂犬病毒单链抗体库筛选出的能与RABVG特异性结合的scFv,为进一步制备抗RABVG的治疗性人源化抗体奠定了基础。     

人源甲状腺髓样癌噬菌体抗体库的构建及初步鉴定

目的：应用噬菌体抗体展示技术,构建大容量天然人源甲状腺髓样癌（medullary thyroid carcinoma,MTC）噬菌体单链抗体库。方法：提取ＭＴＣ病人癌周淋巴结总RNA,通过RT-PCR方法获得抗体可变区基因VH和VL基因片断,以它们为模板分别扩增VH-Linker和VL-Linker,再用剪切重叠延伸ＰＣＲ技术将之拼接组装成单链抗体可变区基因片段（single chain fragment variable,scFv）后引入酶切位点SfiⅠ和NotⅠ。将scFv基因克隆入噬菌粒栽体pCANTAB-5E后经电转入大肠杆菌Ecoli TG1,之后经辅助噬菌体M13K07超感染,构建人源MTC噬菌体单链抗体库。PCR鉴定scFv片段阳性插入率,1.0%琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定阳性克隆双酶切产物。结果：MTC周围淋巴结总RNA的琼脂糖电泳结果可见清晰的28 S、18 S条带;VH基因的大小约为370 bp,VL基因为350 bp,组装后的scFv基因约为750 bp。用pUC19标准质粒测定转化效率达到108 cfu/μg,scFv的阳性插入率为87.5％（21/24）。结论：成功地构建了人源MTC噬菌体展示文库,为进一步筛选具有MTC细胞特异性的人源噬菌体单链抗体奠定了实验基础。     

用Cre-Loxp系统构建人胶质瘤单链抗体噬菌体抗体库

目的　构建人源性胶质瘤噬菌体抗体库 .方法　从胶质瘤患者外周血淋巴细胞中提取细胞总 RNA,经逆转录后用套式 PCR分别扩增抗体轻链 Vκ 和重链 VH 基因 .分别构建 Vκ5 .5× 10 6,VH3.5× 10 6基因库 ,连接 Vκ和 VH构建单链抗体 (Sc Fv)基因库 ,并克隆入表达载体 p DNA5内进行重组 ,得到 Sc Fv噬菌体抗体库 .结果　表明经 Cre- L oxp5 11系统重组后 ,噬菌体抗体库库容量达到 6 .0× 10 8,测序证实抗体基因与人源性抗体基因数据库同源 .结论　利用 Cre- L oxp5 11胞内重组系统成功地构建了较大容量的人源性脑胶质瘤噬菌体抗体库 ,为进一步筛选特异性人源性胶质瘤 Sc Fv奠定了基础 .     

人源肺腺癌单链抗体基因文库的构建

目的:制备人源抗肺腺癌单链抗体(Single-chain variable fragment,scFv)基因文库.方法:利用肺腺癌患者癌旁淋巴组织提取总RNA,通过RT-PCR分别扩增VH和VL基因片断,再将经纯化的VH和VL基因片断通过"剪切重叠延伸PCR"(Splicingover-lapping extend PCR,SOE-PCR)而形成scFv基因片断.将scFv基因克隆入噬菌粒栽体pCANTAB-5E电转入Ecoli TG1.PCR法鉴定抗体基因插入率,1.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定阳性克隆酶切产物.结果:肺腺癌周围淋巴结的提取总RNA琼脂糖电泳结果中可见清晰的28 S、18 S条带;VH基因的大小约为370 bp,VL基因为350 bp,组装后的scFv基因约为750 bp.PCR连接产物的转化效率为2.2×107 CFU/μg,scFv的阳性插入率为83.3%(20/24).结论:成功地构建了人源抗肺腺癌scFv基因片断,为进一步筛选人源抗肺腺癌scFv库提供了试验基础. 入噬菌粒栽体pCANTAB-5E电转AEcoh TG1.PCR法鉴定抗体基因插入率,1.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定阳性克隆酶切产物. 果:肺腺癌周围淋巴结的提取总RNA琼脂糖电泳结果中可见清晰的28 S、18 S条带;VH基因的大小约为370 bp,VL基因为350 bp,组装后的scFv基因约为750 bp.PCR连接产物的转化效率为2.2×107 CFU/μg,scFv的阳性插入率为83.3%(20/24).结论:成功地构建了人源     

人源肺腺癌噬菌体抗体库的构建及筛选

目的:构建人源噬菌体单链抗体ScFv基因文库,并从中筛选出抗肺癌抗体。方法:提取肺癌患者癌旁淋巴结组织,通过RT-PCR扩增出重链可变区基因(VH)和轻链可变区基因(VL),再经剪切-重叠-延伸PCR(SOE-PCR)将VH 和VL连接得到单链抗体ScFv。将双酶切后的ScFv基因片段克隆入噬菌体表达载体pCANTAB5E,得到初级噬菌体抗体库。以肺腺癌细胞株A549为抗原对抗体库进行“吸附-洗脱-扩增”筛选富集,共进行4轮筛选,鉴定抗体库性能。结果:成功构建噬菌体单链抗体库。在亲和筛选过程中,肺癌单链抗体得到富集,收获率逐轮提高,第4轮为第1轮的115倍。随机选取10个克隆,通过ELISA法检测到其中7个与肺癌细胞呈阳性反应,阳性率为70%。结论:通过噬菌体展示技术得到肺癌相关人源单链抗体,筛选后的单链抗体能与肺腺癌细胞A549特异性结合。     

人源性抗乳腺癌HER-2噬菌体单链抗体库的构建与筛选

目的：构建人源性抗乳腺癌噬菌体单链抗体（scFv）库,筛选和鉴定抗乳腺癌人类表皮生长因子受体2（HER2）特异性scFv,为HER2和CXC趋化因子受体4（CXCR4）双靶向融合蛋白的研制提供靶向HER2的高亲和力序列。 方法：取已确诊的乳腺癌患者癌旁淋巴组织,提取总RNA;构建可变区基因的T载体库,将重链可变区（VH）和轻链可变区（VL）基因与pCANTAB连接肽连接,获得pCANTAB-scFv,电转化感受态大肠杆菌TG1;以M13K07辅助噬菌体进行感染,获噬菌体抗体库;利用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测筛选后获得的噬菌体抗体活性,以免疫组织化学法检测抗体亲和力,并通过测序进一步鉴定。 结果：成功构建大容量pCANTAB-scFv抗体库,获得的scFv长度为750 bp,VH和VL长度分别为375和330 kb;电转化大肠杆菌TG1后酶切验证插入片段大小正确,得到库容为2.48×108的大容量抗体库;通过噬菌体展示和淘洗筛选,富集针对乳腺癌细胞株SKBR-3表面抗原的抗体库;所得抗体对HER2有高度的亲和力和特异性,对乳腺癌组织HER2抗原也具有较高的亲和力;测序结果与人IgG抗体进行对比,所获得的scFv具有高度的人源性。 结论：主要构建了大容量人源性抗乳腺癌细胞的噬菌体scFv库,并筛选获得可特异性识别人乳腺癌HER2的高亲和力scFv,为制备以HER2为靶点的抗肿瘤HER2和CXCR4双靶向融合蛋白提供了载体。     

用EBV转化的肝癌患者B细胞构建噬菌体单链抗体库

目的 构建抗肝癌人源噬菌体单链抗体库.方法 体外致敏并用EBV转化肝癌患者的PBMC.用PCR分别扩增VH和VL基因并组成ScFv基因.将ScFv基因与载体连接后,转化大肠杆菌MC1061,构建噬菌体呈现型ScFv库.结果 经EBV转化的4例肝癌患者PBMC,ELISA检测均有抗肝癌抗体产生,经多次PCK,扩增出6种vH(γ、μ)和9种VL(κ、λ)基因,经连接组成54种ScFv基因.将ScFv基因与载体连接后.导入大肠杆菌MC1 061.经四环素抗性筛选,得到库容为1.0×108的初级噬菌体抗独特型抗体库,噬菌体DNA中全长ScFv基因的插入率为80%.结论 用体外致敏法结合噬菌体抗体库技术,制备全人源抗肿瘤单链抗体(ScFv),这一策略是完全可行的.     

肱骨远端全骺分离

肱骨远端全骺分离在5岁以下儿童中是较常见的肘部损伤,且极易误诊为肱骨髁上骨折或肘关节脱位。本组25例肱骨远端全骺分离均为向内侧移位,年龄11个月至14岁,平均5.6岁,属Salter-HarrisⅠ型或Ⅱ型。对本症骨骺损伤的解剖学和组织学,诸骨(和骨化中心)之间的对应关系以及骨骺损伤的诊治进行了简短的讨论。     

食指背侧皮瓣的临床应用

通过对右手虎口挛缩以及左拇指皮肤剥脱损伤各一例应用直指背侧皮瓣修复的成功经验,提出该手术的适应症和优点,并重点介绍其应用解剖学和手术方法。     

Investigation of hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark in diabetic rats

Objective

To investigate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (AETPB) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods

Acute toxicity was studied in rats after the oral administration of AETPB to determine the dose to assess hypoglycemic activity. In rats, diabetes was induced by injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and diabetes was confirmed 72 h after induction, and then allowed for 14 days to stabilize blood glucose level. In diabetic rats, AETPB was orally given for 28 days and its effect on blood glucose and body weight was determined on a weekly basis. At the end of the experimental day, fasting blood sample was collected to estimate the haemoglobin (Hb), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, urea, serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and insulin levels. The liver and kidney were collected to determine antioxidants levels in diabetic rats.

Results

Oral administration of AETPB did not exhibit toxicity and death at a dose of 2 000 mg/kg. AETPB treated diabetic rats significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) reduced elevated blood glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, urea, SGPT and SGOT levels when compared with diabetic control rats. The body weight, Hb, insulin and total protein levels were significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) increased in diabetic rats treated with AETPB compared to diabetic control rats. In diabetic rats, AETPB treatment significantly reversed abnormal status of antioxidants and lipid profile levels towards near normal levels compared to diabetic control rats.

Conclusions

Present study results confirm that AETPB possesses significant hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities in diabetic condition.     

Association of smoking,alcohol and NSAIDs use with expression of cag A and cag T genes of Helicobacter pylori in salivary samples of asymptomatic subjects

Objective

To determine the association of smoking, alcohol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use with presence and virulence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in a representative sample of a random adult population of asymptomatic subjects.

Methods

Non virulent 16S rRNA and virulent cag A and T genes from salivary samples of 854 asymptomatic subjects were determined using polymerase chain reaction. The presence and absence of virulent and non virulent infection was statistically compared with consumption of smoking, alcohol and NSAIDs.

Results

The prevalence of infection in male and female subjects was found to be 69.25% and 66.90%, respectively. The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (31.22%), former (52.20%) and never (43.58%). The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (88.80%), former (57.14%) and never (33.33%). The prevalence of infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 82.75% and 21.16%, respectively. Virulence in male and female subjects was found to be 60.00% and 50.00%, respectively. The presence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (28.57%), former (40.15%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (79.32%), former (75.00%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 88.23% and 66.66%, respectively.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that smoking and NSAIDs consumption are aggravating factors for virulence of H. pylori and alcohol can inhibit H. pylori infection in asymptomatic subjects.     

大肠多发原发性癌:危险因素、诊治和预防(附8例报告)

综述分析1954～84年国内外文献,探讨了大肠多发原发性癌的诊断标准、发病情况、临床表现、发病危险因素、外科处理以及预防和诊断检测技术等问题,强调了大肠腺瘤,遗传基础、免疫缺陷、慢性溃疡性结肠炎等在发病上的作用,及高危险组患者应按方案进行常规检测监护之重要性。述介了大肠多发原发性癌系一种原发性大肠癌多中心发生的形式,在诊治上前者与后者有一致性,亦各有其独特性。报告宁夏医学院附属医院肿瘤科1977～84年收治的8例住院大肠多发原发性癌病例的临床资料,对诊治经过进行了初步总结。     

具有抗细菌黏附和杀菌双重功能的(HA/CHI-Van)5涂层的制备

目的：研究开发一种涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构的骨科内植入物以用于预防骨内植入物感染。方法：将透明质酸（HA）和壳聚糖-万古霉素（CHI-Van）溶液进行层层自组装,制备得到(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构;通过zeta电位检测组装过程,通过活细菌染色实验评价多层膜的抗细菌黏附效果,通过越狱实验和FE-SEM实验检测体外抗菌效果。SD大鼠随机分为空白组、(HA/CHI-Van)5组和假手术组,并以X线、Micro-CT、骨组织切片等方法检测该材料的体内动物实验效果。结果：每次组装不同的单层,zeta电位交替变化,证明多层膜组装成功。活细菌染色实验显示多层膜结构中的CHI具有一定的抗细菌黏附作用。越狱实验和FE-SEM实验证明(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构在体外具有良好的抗菌作用。在体外实验中,(HA/CHI-Van)5组的X线评分为0.7,而空白组的评分为12.3,(HA/CHI-Van)5组在骨密度、骨小梁数量、骨体积分数、骨组织切片方面均优于空白组（均P＜0.05）,且非常接近假手术组（均P＞0.05）。结论：通过在骨科内植入物表面涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构能够获得一定的抗细菌黏附功能和良好的抗菌作用,可以预防骨内植入物感染。     

Efficacy and side effects of praziquantel in the treatment of Schistosomiasis mansoni in schoolchildren in Shesha Kekele Elementary School,Wondo Genet,Southern Ethiopia

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of praziquantel (PZQ) in the treatment of schistosomiasis in Ethiopia.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, stool specimens were collected from randomly selected 299 school children in Shesha Kekele Elementary School, Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia, in April 2010. Stool specimens were examined using a single Kato-Katz thick smear for Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) ova. Children who were found positive for S. mansoni were treated with a single oral dose of PZQ at 40 mg/kg bw and interviewed for treatment-related symptoms 24 hours after drug administration. Four weeks post-treatment, stool specimens were collected from the same children and examined following the same procedure as in the pre-treatment. Drug efficacy was determined based on cure and egg reduction rates.

Results

Pre-treatment prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 74.9% with geometric mean egg count of 268. The evaluated generic PZQ produced an overall cure rate of 73.6% (P<0.000 1, OR: 8.33, CI: 5.3–13.1) and egg reduction rate of 68.2% (P=0.03, F=0.64). The cure rate showed significant association with age (χ²=11, P=0.004), the highest rate being observed in the 15–22 age group. 83% of S. mansoni infected children showed various treatment-related symptoms, the most frequent being headache, nausea, and abdominal pain. These symptoms were associated with age (P<0.001) and pre-treatment intensity of infection (P<0.05).

Conclusions

The present observations revealed relatively lower cure and egg reduction rates of the PZQ evaluated as compared to previous reports for other PZQ brands in Ethiopia. Hence, in depth studies are recommended to clarify whether the present relatively lower cure rate is the actual cure rate of the praziquantel evaluated, treatment failure, or reduced susceptibility of the parasite. Treatment-related side effects observed were transient and tolerable.     

NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体制备及其表征研究

目的:制备具有肿瘤血管靶向的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,并对其进行表征研究。方法：采用薄膜分散法制备NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,,并对其进行表征研究,并测定包封率。结果：制备得到的NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs平均粒径为(271.43±9.23)nm,Zeta电位为-(36.20±0.20)mv,多分散系数(PDI)为(0.15±0.03),理化性质相对稳定;NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs包封率为8.41%;电镜下显示NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs呈类圆形,大小分布均匀,无明显聚集。结论：采用薄膜分散法制备的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体具有较高的稳定性,从而为体内药效学研究奠定基础。     

Control of Tetranychus urticae Koch by extracts of three essential oils of chamomile,marjoram and Eucalyptus

Objective

To evaluate the acaricidal activity of extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus against Tetranychus urticae (T. urticae) Koch.

Methods

Extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus with different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0% and 4.0%) were used to control T. urticae Koch.

Results

The results showed that chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) represented the most potent efficient acaricidal agent against Tetranychus followed by marjoram (Marjorana hortensis) and Eucalyptus. The LC₅₀ values of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus for adults were 0.65, 1.84 and 2.18, respectively and for eggs 1.17, 6.26 and 7.33, respectively. Activities of enzymes including glutathione-S-transferase, esterase (α-esterase and β-esterase) and alkaline phosphatase in susceptible mites were determined and activities of enzymes involved in the resistance of acaricides were proved. Protease enzyme was significantly decreased at LC₅₀ of both chamomile and marjoram compared with positive control. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) proved that the major compositions of Chamomilla recutita are α-bisabolol oxide A (35.251%), and trans-β-farersene (7.758%), while the main components of Marjorana hortensis are terpinene-4-ol (23.860%), p-cymene (23.404%) and sabinene (10.904%).

Conclusions

It can be concluded that extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus possess acaricidal activity against T. urticae.