卵巢上皮性肿瘤组织中Bub1蛋白表达及其临床意义

目的探讨卵巢上皮性肿瘤组织中Bub1蛋白的表达以及其临床意义。方法对我院2006～2012年病理科保留的117份卵巢组织标本进行免疫组化学方法检测卵巢上皮性肿瘤组织中Bub1蛋白的表达。结果在正常的卵巢组织中,Bub1蛋白的阳性表达率为23.53%;在良性肿瘤组织中的阳性表达率为4.35%;在卵巢癌组织中Bub1蛋白的阳性表达率为90.91%;在卵巢交界性组织肿瘤中的阳性表达率为83.33%。卵巢癌、卵巢交界性肿瘤组织中Bub1蛋白的阳性表达率均明显高于正常卵巢及卵巢良性肿瘤组织（P〈0.05）。结论 Bub1蛋白的表达异常是卵巢癌发生的机制之一,与卵巢癌的发生、发展以及转移有关系。     

卵巢癌基因1和癌超甲基化基因1蛋白在人卵巢上皮性肿瘤中的表达及临床意义

目的检测卵巢癌基因1(OVCA1)和癌超甲基化基因1(HIC1)蛋白在人卵巢上皮性肿瘤中的表达,并探讨其与卵巢上皮性肿瘤临床病理特征的联系。方法免疫印迹法检测20例正常卵巢组织、20例良性卵巢上皮性肿瘤组织、20例交界性卵巢上皮性肿瘤组织及39例卵巢上皮性癌组织中OVCA1和HIC1蛋白的表达。结果①卵巢癌和交界性卵巢肿瘤中OVCA1的蛋白表达量明显低于正常卵巢组织和良性卵巢肿瘤组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②在卵巢癌中,低分化组中OVCA1的蛋白表达量低于高分化组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);临床Ⅲ+Ⅳ期中OVCA1的蛋白表达量低于临床Ⅰ+Ⅱ期,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③与正常卵巢组织、良性卵巢肿瘤组织和交界性卵巢肿瘤组织相比,卵巢癌组织中HIC1的蛋白表达量显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。④HIC1蛋白表达量的变化与卵巢癌的病理类型、分级和临床分期无关。结论 OVCA1和HIC1蛋白表达水平的下调与卵巢上皮性癌的发生相关,OVCA1可能参与了卵巢上皮性癌的发展过程。     

PTEN在上皮性卵巢癌组织中的表达及其意义

目的探讨PTEN在上皮性卵巢肿瘤组织中的表达的意义。方法应用免疫组织化学方法,检测12例正常卵巢组织,20例卵巢良性上皮性肿瘤,12例卵巢交界性肿瘤,80例上皮性卵巢癌组织中PTEN的表达。结果 PTEN蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌组织中主要表现为表达缺失,显著低于正常卵巢组织、良性上皮性肿瘤(P均<0.01)。PTEN蛋白表达与临床分期、有无淋巴结转移相关,与病理类型无明显相关。结论 PTEN表达缺失参与卵巢癌的发生发展,PTEN蛋白表达缺失是可能是卵巢癌患者预后不良的因素。     

卵巢上皮性肿瘤中PIEN和Survivin的表达及意义

目的探讨卵巢上皮性肿瘤中PIEN和Survivin的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组织化学法检测PTEN和survivin在52例卵巢上皮性癌、20例卵巢良性上皮性肿瘤和18例正常卵巢组织标本中的表达。结果正常卵巢组织中无Survivin蛋白表达,良性上皮性卵巢肿瘤和卵巢上皮性癌中Survivin蛋白表达率分别为26.32%(5/19)、66.67%(30/45),卵巢上皮性癌中Survivin蛋白阳性表达率明显高于正常卵巢及良性上皮性卵巢肿瘤组,差异有显著性(P<0.05);PTEN蛋白在正常卵巢组织、卵巢良性上皮性肿瘤和卵巢上皮性癌中的表达率分别为100.0%(18/18)、95.0%(20/19)、38.5%(20/52)。PTEN蛋白在正常卵巢组织及卵巢良性上皮性肿的表达率均高于卵巢上皮性癌(均P<0.01)。结论 PTEN的表达下降和Survivin的表达上升与卵巢上皮性癌的发生相关,检测卵巢癌患者癌组织中PIEN和SUrvivin的表达水平对于评价卵巢癌的恶性程度、和估计预后具有重要临床价值。     

抑癌基因PTEN在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达及其与VEGF表达的关系

为探讨抑癌基因PTEN表达在卵巢癌发生和演进中的作用及其与VEGF的相互关系,对8例正常上皮来源的卵巢组织、18例卵巢交界性肿瘤、60例上皮性卵巢癌石蜡切片组织,应用免疫组织化学SP法、LSAB法检测PTEN蛋白、VEGF蛋白的表达。结果显示,PTEN在正常卵巢、卵巢交界性肿瘤、上皮性卵巢癌中的阳性表达率分别为87.50%(7/8)、50.00%(9/18)、23.33%(14/60),PTEN的阳性表达率在上皮性卵巢癌中低于正常卵巢、卵巢交界性肿瘤,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05);I/II期阳性表达率37.50%明显高于III/IV期的13.89%(P<0.05);卵巢内膜样癌PTEN阳性表达率7.14%,显著低于浆液样34.78%或黏液样囊腺癌44.44%(P<0.05)。PTEN表达与VEGF表达呈负相关(P<0.01)。     

Expression and clinical significance of FHIT and Bax protein in ovarian epithelial cancer

目的 观察FHIT和Bax蛋白表达与上皮性卵巢癌临床病理因素及患者预后的关系.方法 采用免疫组织化学法检测50例上皮性卵巢癌,20例良性卵巢上皮肿瘤、15例交界性卵巢上皮性肿瘤FHIT和Bax蛋白的表达水平.结果 FHIT蛋白在良性卵巢上皮性肿瘤、交界性卵巢上皮性肿瘤均表达,上皮性卵巢癌中有表达缺失,二者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),在上皮性卵巢癌的高分化组较中低分化组、无淋巴结转移组较有淋巴结转移组FHIT的表达增加(P＜0.05);良性卵巢上皮性肿瘤、交界性卵巢上皮性肿瘤和上皮性卵巢癌均有Bax蛋白的表达,相互比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),在上皮性卵巢癌中,高分化组较中低分化组Bax蛋白的表达增加(P＜0.05);在上皮性卵巢癌中FHIT蛋白表达与Bax蛋白的表达呈正相关(r=0.400,P＜0.05).结论 FHIT和Bax蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌的发生、发展及预后中起重要作用,对卵巢癌的预后评价有临床参考价值.     

抑癌基因PTEN在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达及其与uPA、MMP-2表达的关系

为探讨抑癌基因PTEN表达在卵巢癌发生和演进中的作用及其与uPA、MM P-2的相互关系,对8例正常上皮来源的卵巢组织、18例卵巢交界性肿瘤、60例上皮性卵巢癌石蜡切片组织,应用免疫组织化学SP法检测PTEN蛋白、MM P-2蛋白的表达,分子原位杂交法检测uPA蛋白的表达。结果显示,PTEN在正常卵巢、卵巢交界性肿瘤、上皮性卵巢癌中的阳性表达率分别为87.50%(7/8)、50.00%(9/18)、23.33%(14/60),PTEN的阳性表达率在上皮性卵巢癌中低于正常卵巢、卵巢交界性肿瘤,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05);I/II期阳性表达率37.50%明显高于III/IV期的13.89%(P<0.05);卵巢内膜样癌PTEN阳性表达率7.14%,显著低于浆液样34.78%或黏液样囊腺癌44.44%(P<0.05)。PTEN表达与uPA表达呈负相关(P<0.05),与MM P-2表达呈负相关(P<0.01)。     

维甲酸受体α、β在卵巢组织中的表达及与卵巢肿瘤的关系

摘要 目的：探讨维甲酸受体αβ在正常卵巢及卵巢上皮性肿瘤中的表达及其与上皮性卵巢癌发生的关系。方法： 112例标本,其中正常卵巢组织20例、良性上皮性肿瘤20例、交界性上皮性肿瘤20例、上皮性卵巢癌52例。采用免疫组织化学法检测维甲酸受体αβ的表达。结果：卵巢癌、卵巢交界性肿瘤、良性肿瘤和正常组织中维甲酸受体α的阳性表达率分别为80.77%、50%、15%、20%,在肿瘤的不同病理分级、临床分期间表达差异有统计学意义;卵巢癌、卵巢交界性肿瘤、良性肿瘤和正常组织中维甲酸受体β76.92%、45%、30%、30%,在肿瘤的不同组织学类型、病理分级间表达差异有统计学意义。结论：RARαβ在卵巢癌组织中呈高表达,且可能与卵巢癌的发展有关,并为维甲酸治疗进展期卵巢癌提供依据。     

卵巢上皮性肿瘤中PTEN和Survivin的表达的意义

目的 研究分析卵巢上皮性肿瘤中蛋白酪胺酸磷酸酶基因(PTEN)和凋亡蛋白抑制因子(Survivin)的表达及意义.方法 采用免疫组织化学法检测Survivin和PTEN在9例正常卵巢组织标本、19例卵巢良性上皮性肿瘤63例卵巢上皮性癌中的表达.结果 正常卵巢组织中PTEN的阳性表达率为100%;在卵巢良性上皮性肿瘤中阳性表达率为94.74%,而在卵巢上皮性癌中表达率为38.10%,显著低于前两者.正常卵巢组织中Survivin蛋白阳性表达率为0%,良性上皮性卵巢肿瘤中Survivin蛋白阳性表达率为21.05%;卵巢上皮性癌中为65.10%.卵巢上皮性癌中Survivin表达率明显高于良性上皮性卵巢肿瘤和正常卵巢的组别.这两组数据差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 PTEN表率达下调和Survivin蛋白阳性表达率上调与卵巢上皮性癌的发生具有密切的关系.对卵巢癌患者的PTEN和Suivivin的表达率的检测对其疾病的了解有积极意义,可在临床上应用.     

卵巢上皮性肿瘤中PTEN的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨卵巢上皮性肿瘤中蛋白酪胺酸磷酸酶基因(PTEN)的表达及临床意义.方法 采用免疫组织化学法检测PTEN在57例卵巢上皮性癌、20例卵巢良性上皮性肿瘤和10例正常卵巢组织标本中的表达.结果 卵巢上皮性癌中PTEN的阳性表达率为38.6%.明显低于正常卵巢组织的100%及卵巢良性上皮性肿瘤的95.0%(P<0.05);PTEN的阳性表达率与卵巢上皮性痛的临床分期、病理分级呈负相关(P<0.05);浆液性卵巢癌中PTEN的阳性表达率为36.84%(14/38),而8例子宫内膜样卵巢癌中仅有1例表达PTEN.结论 PTEN表达下调可能在卵巢上皮性癌的发生、发展中起重要作用,与子宫内膜样卵巢癌的发生关系尤为密切.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.