双期CT、经食管超声对二尖瓣狭窄及房颤所致左心房血栓的检出及手术所见

正目的本项回顾性研究的目的是与术中所见对照,评价CT和经食管超声(TEE)检出二尖瓣狭窄(MS)和房颤(AF)病人左心房血栓的准确性。方法106例病人术前行CT     

巨大左心房患者经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术20例

目的　探讨经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术 (PBMV)治疗风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄伴巨大左心房患者的疗效。方法　在球囊直径选择、房间隙穿刺定位方法及球囊扩张操作等方面进行了改良。结果　 2 0例病人手术全部成功 ,二尖瓣面积由 (0 .79±2 .9) cm2 增至 (1 .82± 0 .2 8) cm2 (P<0 .0 1 ) ,左房平均压由 (3 0 .7± 5 .1 ) mm Hg降至 (1 1 .4± 3 .7) mm Hg(P<0 .0 1 ) ,心功能明显改善。结论　 PBMV治疗风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴巨大左心房患者成功率高、疗效较好 ,在 PBMV术操作熟练后 ,对此类患者可作为首选方法之一     

左心房最大横径评价左心房容积及其在二尖瓣狭窄疾患中的应用

超声心动图测量左心房容积的公式复杂,其精确性亦有争论。本院以经食道心脏超声(TEE)技术对38例风心病单纯二尖瓣狭窄患者采用测量左心房收缩期最大横径的方法,观察了二尖瓣狭窄病变对左心房容积的影响,并以同期接受TEE检查的52例其它疾病患者作对照。     

左心耳封堵联合二尖瓣球囊扩张治疗非风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动

目的 分析非风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动患者经皮左心耳封堵术和二尖瓣球囊扩张术(PBMV)临床特点.方法 入选2018年1月至2020年10月上海健康医学院附属周浦医院确诊的4例非风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动患者,给予左心耳封堵术及左心耳封堵联合PBMV术治疗,对患者临床表现、影像学特征及治疗预后进行分析.结果 4例患者年...     

超声心动图用于经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术中的价值

目的评价超声心动图在经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术(PBMV)前后的应用价值.材料和方法对38例PBMV患者术前(1～7天)行超声心动图二尖瓣计分法预测,术后(24～48h)行超声心动图观察随访.32例分别于PBMV术后3、6个月和1年进行超声心动图跟踪随访.结果术前38例预测与PBMV手术符合率100%,各项测值除左室(LV)外,PBMV术前后比较均有显著差异(P＜0.005).结论超声心动图二尖瓣计分法预测PBMV具有较大的临床应用价值.左房缩小率(LASR)＞10%是估价PBMV有效的有用指标.     

应用国产球囊行经皮穿刺二尖瓣成形术

目的 :　评估利用国产球囊导管行经皮二尖瓣成形术治疗风湿性二尖瓣狭窄的疗效。材料和方法 :回顾性分析2 37例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者 (其中男 79例 ,女 15 8例 ,年龄 15～ 6 7岁 ,平均 41.2± 15 .3岁 ) ,利用国产球囊导管、美国OEC96 0 0型小C臂X光机行经皮穿剌二尖瓣球囊扩张术的疗效。结果 :2 37例中 ,成功率为 97.5 % ( 2 31/2 37) ,其中 12 9例进行了随访 ,术后及随访左房内径、二尖瓣口面积、跨瓣压差均较术前明显改善 ,平均随访时间 ( 34± 12 )个月 ,5例出现再狭窄 ,其中 4例再次PBMV术成功 ,1例行瓣膜置换术。结论 :利用国产球囊导管行PBMV近期疗效显著 ,远期疗效良好 ,价格低廉 ,值得临床推广应用。     

经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术治疗合并重度肺动脉高压的二尖瓣狭窄远期疗效评价

目的　评价经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术 (PBMV)治疗合并重度肺动脉高压的二尖瓣狭窄 (MS)的远期疗效。方法　对 30例合并重度肺动脉高压的二尖瓣狭窄患者进行严格的PBMV术后随访 ,包括超声心动图、胸片 ,临床心功能评价。平均随访时间 (6 .4± 1.4 )年。结果　二尖瓣口面积 (MVA)由术前的 (1.19± 0 .32 )cm2 增至术后的 (1.99± 0 .4 5 )cm2 (P <0 .0 1) ;随访 5年以上 ,MVA逐渐减小至(1.4 4± 0 .4 2 )cm2 ,较术后明显减小 ,P <0 .0 1;16例发生再狭窄 ,再狭窄率 5 3.3%。平均肺动脉压(PAMP)由术前的 (6 5 .3± 14 .1)mmHg降至术后的 (40 .0 3± 12 .6 9)mmHg ,P <0 .0 1;PBMV术心功能改善 1个级别以上者占 93.3% ,术后 5年以上随访心功能仍维持在Ⅰ～Ⅱ级而未再次行介入或换瓣手术者占 73.3%。结论　PBMV术对合并重度肺动脉高压的MS患者也有较为满意的远期疗效 ,作为一种良好姑息疗法可明显缓解此类重症患者的临床症状。     

主动脉瓣及二尖瓣双瓣置换术48例临床观察

目的：探讨主动脉瓣及二尖瓣双瓣置换术的手术方法和效果。方法：全组病例在全麻、低温、体外循环下实施手术。中度血液稀释，主动脉根部灌注冷停跳液，心包腔内放置冰屑，经右心房、房间隔置换二尖瓣，主动脉根部横切口置换主动脉瓣。18例合并三尖瓣关闭不全者同期行De Vega环缩术，9例合并左心房血栓者同期行血栓取出术，1例合并动脉导管未闭者同期行动脉导管缝闭术。结果：术后低心排6例，二次开胸止血5例，放置起搏器2例，死亡2例，死亡率为4．16％。结论：对风湿性心脏病主动脉瓣及二尖瓣双瓣置换患者，加强围术期处理，提高手术技巧，术中良好的心肌保护以及平稳灌注，重视三尖瓣病变的处理和保留二尖瓣下结构是手术成功的关键。     

经畸形下腔静脉行二尖瓣球囊扩张一例

患者，女，32岁，10年前妊娠5个月时出现气短，咯血，有时不能平卧，在外院诊断“风湿性心脏病，二尖瓣狭窄”，经治疗好转，但在妊娠期间反复出现上述症状，足月分娩后上述症状消失，1年前再次出现心悸，气短及咯血，来我院诊治，做心脏彩色超声（简称彩超）示：二尖瓣狭窄（瓣口面积1.0cm^2)，左心房血栓。     

风心病二尖瓣成形术后的抗凝治疗报告

风心病二尖瓣成形术后需进行抗凝治疗,现就我们1994～1998年20例二尖瓣成形术后抗凝治疗的体会报告如下。 临床资料 (1)一般资料:本组20例风湿性心脏病人作二尖瓣成形术16例,、二尖瓣成形并三尖瓣成形术4例。其中男8例,女12例,年龄21～58岁,平均41岁。1例于术后13d消化道、呼吸道及颅内出血经抢救无效而死亡;1例出现血尿,经调整华法令用量后血尿消失;其余病人均未出现出血及栓     

经皮穿刺球囊二尖瓣成形术80例

目的：评价经皮穿刺球囊二尖瓣成形术（ＰＢＭＶ）治疗风心病二尖瓣狭窄的方法和疗效。材料和方法：应用Ｉｎｏｕｅ单球囊技术治疗风心病二尖瓣狭窄患者８０例。结果：与术前比较,心尖部舒张期杂音明显减弱或消失;二尖瓣口面积均明显增大;左房平均压、二尖瓣跨瓣压差明显下降;心输出量明显增加;心功能提高１级以上;随访结果满意。结论：ＰＢＭＶ治疗风心病二尖瓣狭窄安全、可靠;对老年和二尖瓣钙化者应用小球囊顺序扩张安全且疗效满意;法华令可能具有溶栓作用,对拓宽治疗范围可能有重要临床意义     

特殊情况的左房室瓣球囊扩张术疗效分析

目的　分析和总结伴有特殊情况的左房室瓣狭窄球囊扩张术(PBMV)的临床疗效和安全性。方法　收集我院自1986年12月至2 0 0 5年1月施行的2 30 0例风湿性心脏病左房室瓣狭窄(MS)病例,其中有特殊情况者6 2 1例。包括非单纯MS(合并左房室瓣关闭不全或主闭)者32 8例;非单纯的MS伴巨大左房者15例;巨大左房者10 6例;左房血栓者5 2例;巨大左房及左房血栓者4例;PBMV或左房室瓣闭式分离术后者79例;PBMV或左房室瓣闭式分离术后非单纯的MS者34例;妊娠大咯血者2例。采用Inoue球囊技术。结果　手术成功率98.5 % ,失败率0 .2 % ;发生严重并发症8例,并发症为1.3% ,其中急性左心衰2例,低心排1例,脑栓塞2例,心脏压塞3例。因急性左心衰、低心排、心脏压塞、脑栓塞造成的死亡各1例。结论　随着操作技巧的不断完善,许多伴有特殊情况的PBMV可安全、有效的接受手术。但术前一定要全面评价瓣膜、心功能、血栓情况     

Monitoring the effect of anticoagulants on left atrial thrombi in patients with rheumatic heart disease: assessment with 111In-oxine-labelled platelet heart scintigraphy and transoesophageal echocardiography

111In-oxine-labelled platelet heart scintigraphy (In-plt) was used to evaluate the activity of left atrial thrombi detected by transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in 16 cases of rheumatic heart disease. The effect of anticoagulants on the therapeutic intervention of these patients was evaluated by In-plt and TEE. In-plt was performed in all patients in serial pre- and post-anticoagulant therapy studies with anterior, 45 degrees left anterior oblique and left lateral views taken daily from the second to sixth day after injection of labelled platelets. After discontinuing anticoagulants for at least 1 week, only nine cases of left atrial thrombi were detected among the 16 cases by initial In-plt. After anticoagulants were again used for at least 3 weeks, all nine positive cases became negative on repeat In-plt. These results suggest that the diagnostic sensitivity of In-plt is lower than that of TEE. However, In-plt is more suitable and useful for evaluating the activity of left atrial thrombi after antithrombotic agent therapy and for monitoring the effect of anticoagulant therapy on left atrial thrombi in patients with rheumatic heart disease.     

Chest radiographs are unreliable in predicting thrombi in the left atrium or its appendage in rheumatic mitral stenosis

We have assessed the diagnostic accuracy of a flat or concave left mid-cardiac border (the region of the left atrial appendage) on conventional postero-anterior chest radiographs as a predictor of the presence of thrombi in the left atrium or its appendage in 80 patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis who subsequently underwent open-heart surgery. Forty-six patients (Group I) were found to have left atrial thrombus at surgery whereas 34 patients (Group II) showed no evidence of thrombosis. Only 22 of 46 patients in Group I showed a flat or concave left mid-cardiac border (sensitivity, 48%; specificity, 53%; positive predictive value, 58%). Furthermore in Group 1, the thrombus involved the left atrial appendage in 33 patients. In this subgroup only 14 patients showed a flat or concave left mid-cardiac border (sensitivity, 42%; specificity, 49%; positive predictive value, 37%). The presence of flatness or concavity in the left mid-cardiac border on conventional posterior-anterior chest radiographs in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis is an unreliable indicator of the presence of thrombi in the left atrium or its appendage.     

Magnetic resonance evaluation of mitral stenosis

In order to study magnetic resonance (MR) abnormalities in mitral stenosis electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated MR imaging was performed with a 2.0 T MR system in 41 patients with mitral stenosis before catheterization. Mean transverse diameter of the left atrium was 8.9±1.4 cm and anteroposterior diameter was 5.1±1.0 cm, indicating significant enlargement. Homogeneous or inhomogeneous flow-related signals in ventricular diastole were detected in the left atrial cavity in 32 cases (78%), and in the atrial appendage in 35 cases (85%). In 21 patients having a mean wedge pulmonary arterial pressure higher than 20 mm Hg, 20 patients (95%) showed flow-related signals in ventricular diastole. Other MR findings were mitral valve doming in diastole, flow-related signal in the pulmonary artery during systole, and left atrial thrombi.     

经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术心脏穿孔与心脏压塞的处理

目的　阐明经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术 (PBMV)心脏穿孔与心脏压塞的诊断与处理方法。方法与结果　自 1992年 5月～ 2 0 0 1年 12月 ,对 772例风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者 (年龄 14岁～ 74岁 )进行了经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术。 9例发生了心脏穿孔 ,其中 2例发生心脏压塞 ,经剑突下途径进行造影剂和X线指示下心包穿刺引流术后完全缓解 ,未行外科处理。结论　PBMV时房间隔穿刺针和Mullins鞘管导致的心脏穿孔仅少数可导致心脏压塞 ;有心脏压塞临床症状和X线透视下心影搏动消失可诊断心脏压塞 ;X线透视和造影剂指示下心包穿刺引流术是一种最快速有效的缓解症状的方法 ,多可避免开胸手术。     

Usefulness of electron beam tomography in the prone position for detecting atrial thrombi in chronic atrial fibrillation

OBJECTIVE: We compared the usefulness of electron beam tomography (EBT) in the prone position relative to that in the supine position for detecting atrial thrombi. METHODS: We studied 96 patients with chronic atrial fibrillation, of whom 71 were scanned in the supine position and 25 were scanned in the prone position. Electron beam tomography was performed twice after contrast medium injection to obtain early- and late-phase images. RESULTS: Filling defects were detected in 13 patients in the supine position by EBT. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) revealed a thrombus in the region of the filling defect in 9 patients. In 4 patients, filling defects in the left atrial appendage were not confirmed as thrombi by TEE. Filling defects were detected in 4 patients in the prone position, all of which were confirmed as thrombi by TEE. CONCLUSION: Electron beam tomography in the prone position is an effective technique for reducing false-positive results in the detection of atrial thrombi.     

Left coronary angiography in the pre-operative diagnosis of thrombosis of the left atrium or its appendage in rheumatic mitral stenosis

We studied the utility of pre-operative selective left coronary angiograms for detecting thrombosis in the left atrium or its appendage in 81 patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis, who subsequently underwent open-heart surgery. Thrombus was predicted by the angiographic demonstration of neovascularity seen as a bunch of small vessels arising from the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery coursing superiorly to the region of the left atrial appendage and terminating in a network of smaller vascular channels with a blush of contrast medium coalescing into small 'lakes'. This pooling of contrast medium was considered essential for positive angiographic diagnosis. Based on these criteria, the angiographic diagnosis of thrombus was made in 27 patients. Thrombus was found in 33 patients at surgery. Selective left coronary angiography had a sensitivity of 72.7%, specificity of 92.7% and predictive value of 88.8% for detecting thrombi in the left atrium or its appendage. Coronary angiography should be performed in all the patients with mitral stenosis who are undergoing cardiac catheterization especially if balloon mitral valvoplasty or closed mitral valvotomy are planned.     

Comparison of left coronary and laevo-phase pulmonary angiograms in detecting left atrial thrombi in rheumatic mitral stenosis

We have compared the diagnostic accuracy of left coronary and laevo-phase pulmonary angiograms in detecting left atrial thrombi in 27 consecutive patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis who underwent both these procedures prior to open-heart surgery. In 10 patients, both procedures were 'positive' for thrombus, confirmed at subsequent surgery in all instances (true positive). Both procedures were negative for thrombus in 11 patients, and none of these patients showed thrombi at subsequent surgery (true negative). Left coronary angiography only was positive for thrombus in one patient in whom no thrombus was found at surgery. Laevo-phase pulmonary angiography only was positive for thrombus in five patients, two of whom had thrombus at subsequent surgery. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive accuracy of left coronary angiogram were 83.3% and 93.3% and 90.9% and that of laevo-phase pulmonary angiogram 100%, 80% and 80% respectively. Laevo-phase pulmonary angiograms showed higher sensitivity and left coronary angiograms showed higher specificity for angiographic diagnosis. However, the differences were found to be statistically insignificant. Angiography is a reliable method for detecting left atrial thrombi if both left coronary and pulmonary angiograms are performed and both procedures are positive or negative for thrombus.