平板运动试验不同时段QT离散度变化的意义

目的探讨平板运动试验(TET)不同时段的QT离散度(QTd)和校正QT离散度(QTcd)变化的意义。方法选择38例TET阳性者不同时段记录的心电图用于测量、分析QTd、QTcd的变化,并与40例TET阴性者作对比分析。结果阳性组运动峰值心率时,运动中或后ST段下移最大时及运动后2、4、6分钟时的QTd、QTcd较运动前显著增大(P<0.01或P<0.05),尤以运动所致ST段下移最大时为明显,而阴性组运动相应时段的QTd、QTcd与运动前比较无明显增大(P>0.05)。结论QTd和QTcd增大,尤其ST段下移最大时的QTd,QTcd增大可作为TET结果判定的一项新的参考指标。     

冠心病介入治疗对QT离散度的影响

目的探讨冠心病介入治疗对QT离散度的影响。方法选择127例行冠状动脉造影且心电图资料完整的患者,据造影结果分为对照组42例,治疗组85例,分别测定QT离散度(QTd)及校正QT离散度(QTcd)并进行比较。结果(1)介入治疗前治疗组与对照组相比QTd及QTcd均明显延长,统计学上差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。(2)介入治疗后QTd及QTcd明显缩短,与介入治疗前相比,统计学上差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。(3)介入治疗后QTd及QTcd与对照组比较,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论成功的介入治疗可缩短QT离散度,改善心肌的复极离散程度,减少心脏危险事件的发生。     

急性心肌梗死QT离散度的临床意义探讨

目的观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)QT离散度(QTd)的变化与心律失常的关系以及有效的溶栓治疗对QTd的影响。方法AMI病人42例与正常健康者50例进行对比,所有对象测量12导联心电图不同导联最长与最短的QT间期QTmax和QTmin,QTd=QTmax-QTmin,根据Bazett’s公式,校正QT间期QTc=QT/RR,校正QT离散度(QTcd)=QTcmax-QTcmin。结果AMI病人QTd、QTcd分别为(68.7±16.3)、(74.8±20.1)ms,对照组QTd(32.3±11.4)ms、QTcd(36.4±13.3)ms,P<0.01,有心律失常组QTd(70.4±19.5)ms、QTcd(79.4±22.5)ms,无心律失常组QTd(54.4±16.3)ms、QTcd(63.2±20.1)ms,P<0.01。溶栓有效者与无效者比较差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05,表1)。结论有效的溶栓治疗可使QTd明显减小,减少危险性心律失常的发生,降低AMI患者病死率。QTd对预测AMI患者溶栓疗效以及早期危险性心律失常和预后具有重要价值。     

急性心肌梗死QT离散度的临床意义探讨

目的 观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)QT离散度(QTd)的变化与心律失常的关系以及有效的溶栓治疗对QTd的影响.方法 AMI病人42例与正常健康者50例进行对比,所有对象测量12导联心电图不同导联最长与最短的QT间期Qtmax和Qtmin,QTd=Qtmax-Qtmin,根据Bazett's公式,校正QT间期QTc=QT/(√RR),校正QT离散度(QTcd)=Qtcmax-Qtcmin.结果 AMI病人QTd、QTcd分别为(68.7±16.3)、(74.8±20.1)ms,对照组QTd(32.3±11.4)ms、QTcd(36.4±13.3)ms,P＜0.01,有心律失常组QTd(70.4±19.5)ms、QTcd (79.4±22.5)ms,无心律失常组QTd(54.4±16.3)ms、QTcd(63.2±20.1)ms,P＜0.01.溶栓有效者与无效者比较差异也有统计学意义(P＜0.05,表1).结论 有效的溶栓治疗可使QTd明显减小,减少危险性心律失常的发生,降低AMI患者病死率.QTd对预测AMI患者溶栓疗效以及早期危险性心律失常和预后具有重要价值.     

急性心肌梗死患者溶栓治疗前后QT离散度变化及临床意义

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者尤其溶栓前后QT离散度(QTd)的变化及临床意义.方法电脑心电图采样,测定56例AMI患者与54例健康者体表心电图的QTd,心率校正QT离散度(QTcd)和改良心率校正QT离散度(QTLcd).结果(1)AMI组QTd各项指标显著延长(P<0.01),经溶栓治疗后显著缩短(P<0.01).(2)32例AMI患者经静脉溶栓再通后,QTd指标显著缩短(P<0.01).(3)AMI患者QTd>60ms者,心脏事件的发生率和病死率均显著升高(P<0.01).结论QTd是无创测量AMI后恢复程度的有效指标之一,可用于协助判断溶栓的疗效及患者的预后有所帮助.     

安体舒通对慢性充血性心力衰竭患者QT离散度的影响

目的观察安体舒通对慢性充血性心力衰竭患者QT离散度(QTd)的影响,探讨其临床应用价值。方法采用随机、对照方法,设立安体舒通干预组及常规治疗组,测定两组用药前及用药1月后的QTd、校正QT离散度(QTcd)、血钾、血镁、血钠和肌酐。同时测定正常对照者的QTd及QTcd。结果心力衰竭组QTd、QTcd较对照组明显延长,差异有显著性(p<0.01);安体舒通干预组治疗后QTd、QTcd较治疗前显著下降(p<0.01):安体舒通干预组血清钾、镁治疗后较治疗前明显升高(p<0.01),肌酐轻度减低但差异无显著性(p>0.05)。结论安体舒通可降低心衰患者的QTd、QTcd。     

高血压病患者QTcd延长预测心脏事件的临床研究

目的观察高血压病患者QT离散度(QTd)及校正QTd(QTcd)延长与发生心脏事件之相关性.方法100例确诊的高血压病患者,做12导同步心电图,测定QTd(QTmax-QTmin)和QTcd.从超声心动图数据计算出左心室重量(LVM)及左室重量指数(LVMI),随访观察其与心脏事件的关系.QTcd＞55ms的51例设为观察组(A组),QTcd≤55ms的55例设为对照组(B组).结果A组QTd、QTcd及LVMI分别为57.2±5.1、63.7±6.3 ms·142.2±21.8 g,而B组为37.9±9.7、41.5±9.4 ms,114.2±22.9 g,两组间有显著差异(P＜0.01);心脏事件的发生率A组45.1%,B组10.7%,有显著差异(P＜0.01);同时发现QTCd延长和LVMI增加同时存在者的心脏事件发生率为50%(21/42).结论QTcd延长与心脏事件的发生密切相关.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术对QT、QTc、JT离散度的影响

目的　探讨冠状动脉旁路移植术 (Coronary artery bypass graftings,CABG)对冠心病患者 QT间期离散度(QTd)、QTc离散度 (QTcd)及 JT离散度 (JTd)的影响。方法　测定 33例 CABG术前和术后的 QTd为 CABG组 ,并以 33例确诊为冠心病行冠状动脉造影 ,而暂未行 CABG手术和装支架的病人作对照组。结果　 1CABG前和对照组比较 QTd无显著增大 (P>0 .0 5 )。 2 CABG组术后病人的 QTd、QTcd及 JTd显著减小 (P<0 .0 5 )。 3对照组冠状动脉造影术后 QTd、QTcd及 JTd与术前比较 ,无明显改变 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论　 CABG能使 QTd、QTcd及 JTd减小     

依那普利对高血压病左心室肥厚患者QT离散度的影响

目的　研究长期使用依那普利治疗高血压病合并左心室肥厚时对QT离散度的影响。方法　 2 4例高血压病 (EH)合并左心室肥厚 (LVH)者 ,服用依那普利 (10mg 1次 /d) 3年 ,用标准 12导联心电图测量QT间期、校正的QT间期 (QTc)、QT间期离散度 (QTd)及校正的QT间期离散度 (QTcd) ;用二维及M型超声心动测定有关心血管参数。结果　依那普利不仅能迅速降压 ,而且能逐渐降低左心室重量指数 (LVMI)达 3 9% (P <0 .0 0 1) ,显著提高左心室泵血功能 ;同时明显缩短QTd[从 (61± 2 1)到 (41± 15 )ms、QTcd从 (67± 2 7)到 (46± 18)ms] ,QT及QTc也同样明显缩短。结论　长期用依那普利治疗EH合并LVH ,能明显使患者左心室肥厚回缩 ,提高其左心室收缩功能 ,并通过降低QTd及QTcd ,进一步降低室性心律失常发生率 ,从而改善预后。     

心肌梗死不同阶段及部位QT离散度改变的临床意义

目的　了解心肌梗死 (Myocardialinfarction ,MI)患者QT间期离散度 (QTd)与QTc间期离散度 (QTdc)的改变在不同阶段及不同梗死部位差异的临床意义。　方法　分析 6 2例MI患者一周内 (急性期 )与三个月 (恢复期 )及六个月 (陈旧性 )心电图QTd、QTcd的改变及其差异。　结果　 1 MI患者的QTcd在急性期明显增大 (P <0 0 5 )。 2 前壁组的QTcd显著长于下壁组 ,组间差异非常显著 (P <0 0 5 )。 3 猝死组QTd、QTcd明显高于非猝死组 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 0 1)。 4 再发MI组除急性期外QTd、QTcd明显高于首发MI组 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 0 1)。　结论　测量MI时的QTd、QTcd可用于预测猝死发生的危险性 ,而再发性MI后QTd、QTcd的变化更为明显。     

老年冠心病患者QT离散度变化及其临床意义

目的探讨老年冠心病患者ＱＴ离散度（ＱＴｄ）和心率校正的ＱＴ离散度（ＱＴｃｄ）与致命性室性心律失常（ＦＶＡ）及心衰（ＨＦ）之间的关系。方法测定了８４例老年冠心病患者的ＱＴｄ及ＱＴｃｄ，其中心原性猝死（ＣＳＤ）９例，ＦＶＡ２３例，非ＦＶＡ６１例。有ＨＦ４７例，无ＨＦ３７例。结果ＣＳＤ组ＱＴｄ、ＱＴｃｄ显著大于ＦＶＡ及非ＦＶＡ组（Ｐ＜０．０５；Ｐ＜０．０１），ＦＶＡ组ＱＴｄ、ＱＴｃｄ大于非ＦＶＡ组（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＨＦ组ＱＴｄ、ＱＴｃｄ显著长于无ＨＦ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。本文ＱＴｄ和ＱＴｃｄ呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０．９７２０，Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论作者认为ＱＴｄ和（或）ＱＴｃｄ可作为评估老年冠心病患者发生ＦＶＡ和（或）ＨＦ预后的重要参考指标。     

The effects of chronic carvedilol therapy on QT dispersion in patients with congestive heart failure.

BACKGROUND: Carvedilol therapy reduces mortality from sudden cardiac death and progressive pump failure in congestive heart failure (CHF). However, the effect(s) of carvedilol on ventricular repolarization characteristics is unclear. AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of chronic carvedilol therapy on ventricular repolarization characteristics as assessed by QT dispersion (QTd) in patients with CHF. METHOD: Nineteen patients (age 53+/-12 years; 16 male, three female) with CHF (eight ischemic, 11 non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy) were prospectively included in the study. Carvedilol was administered in addition to standard therapy for CHF at a dose of 3.125 mg bid and uptitrated biweekly to the maximum tolerated dose. From standard 12-lead electrocardiograms the maximum and minimum QT intervals (QTmax, QTmin), QTd, corrected QT intervals (QTcmax, QTcmin) and corrected QTd (QTcd) values were calculated at baseline, after the 2nd and the 16th month of carvedilol therapy. RESULTS: A significant reduction was noted in the QTd and QTcd values with carvedilol therapy after the 16th month (QTd: 81+/-22 ms vs. 40+/-4.3 ms P<0.001; QTcd: 91+/-25 ms vs. 51+/-7 ms P<0.001), but not after the 2nd month (P>0.05). The resting heart rate was also significantly reduced after a 16-month course of carvedilol therapy (78+/-13 bpm vs. 66+/-15 bpm, P<0.05). Carvedilol therapy did not alter QTmax and QTcmax intervals (P>0.05), however, QT min and QTcmin significantly increased with carvedilol at the 16th month (P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION: Long-term carvedilol therapy was associated with a reduction in QTd, an effect that might contribute to the favorable effects of carvedilol in reducing sudden cardiac death in CHF.     

急性心肌梗死恢复期PTCA及支架置入术对QT离散度的影响

目的　观察急性心肌梗死 (AMI)恢复期 (2～ 4周 )行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)及支架置入术对QT离散度 (QTd)的影响。方法　选择 5 7例AMI恢复期的患者 ,分别记录PTCA及支架置入术前 1d ,术后 1h的 12导联同步心电图 ,测量QTd及校正的QTd(QTcd) ,并与 86例同期行冠状动脉造影结果正常者进行对照。结果　AMI组行PTCA及支架置入术前最大QT间期 (QTmax) ,最小QT间期 (QTmin) ,QTd及QTcd均较对照组明显增大 ,差异有显著性。前壁与下壁AMI之间上述指标差异无显著性。成功的PTCA及支架置入术后QTmax,QTmin,QTd及QTcd比术前明显缩短 ,两者相比差异有显著性。而单纯行冠状动脉造影对QT离散度无明显影响。结论　AMI患者QTd及QTcd显著高于正常人 ,而AMI恢复期成功的PTCA及支架置入术可使增加的QTd及QTcd显著缩短 ,从而减低AMI后恶性心律失常和心源性猝死的发生率 ,改善患者的远期预后。     

Global T-wave inversion: limited QT dispersion despite QTc prolongation--a correlate of benignity in patients with strikingly abnormal electrocardiograms.

BACKGROUND: The global T-inversion (GTI) electrocardiogram (ECG) is strikingly abnormal with major QTc prolongation, but with a surprisingly good prognosis by Kaplan-Meier curve. This contrasts with most significant QTc prolongations. HYPOTHESIS: This study was undertaken to ascertain QT interval dispersion (QTd) in global T wave inversion, a clinically benign long QTc ECG. METHODS: Longest and shortest QT intervals in all 12 leads in 35 consecutive patients with GTI were determined by two mutually blinded observers. QTd was determined by subtraction (maximum-minimum) and QTc was calculated using the Bazett formula. RESULTS: There was a 2:1 female preponderance QTc was prolonged and equal for men (0.471) and women (0.469). Observer variability of under 2% permitted averaging of QT measurements. Composite mean QTd was 55 ms. The literature revealed a range of QTd in normal subjects of 39 to 59 ms (mostly 49 to 59 ms). Patient series with abnormal QTd were well above this level. CONCLUSION: Despite a strikingly abnormal ECG with marked QTc prolongation, QT dispersion was limited in global T inversion, consistent with its previously demonstrated benignity.     

Effects of isolated coronary artery ectasia on electrocardiographic parameters reflecting ventricular heterogeneity

Isolated coronary ectatic but otherwise normal epicardial coronary arteries are an infrequent angiographic finding. We sought to determine whether coronary artery ectasia (CAE) may alter QT-interval duration and dispersion. The study population consisted of 24 patients with isolated CAE and otherwise normal epicardial coronary arteries (group 1) and sex- and age-matched subjects with atypical chest pain and otherwise normal coronary flow (group 2). Both groups underwent a routine standard 12-lead surface electrocardiogram recorded at 50 mm/s during rest. QT dispersion (QTd), corrected QT (QTc), and corrected QT dispersion (QTcd) were calculated. Distribution of sex, age, body mass index, and cardiac risk factors were similar in the 2 groups. Mean heart rate was similar in the 2 groups (74 ± 10 vs 70 ± 7, P > .05). In group 1, QTd, QTcd, and QTc were significantly higher than those of group 2 (QTd, 40 ± 17 vs 29 ± 10 milliseconds [P < .05]; QTcd, 43 ± 19 vs 30 ± 10 milliseconds [P < .05]; QTc, 410 ± 21 vs 397 ± 19 milliseconds [P < .05]). In conclusion, CAE was found to be associated with prolonged QT interval and increased QTd. Microvascular dysfunction and/or ischemia may be responsible mechanisms.     

Association of Corrected QT and QT Dispersion with Echocardiographic and Laboratory Findings in Uremic Patients under Chronic Hemodialysis

Introduction:

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of mortality in dialysis patients. Chronic renal failure and hemodialysis (HD) patients may have longer corrected QT (QTc) interval compared with the normal population. Long QTc interval may be a predictor of ventricular arrhythmia and cardiovascular mortality in these patients and hence the aim of this study was the evaluation of the relationship between QTc interval and some echocardiographic findings and laboratory exam results in HD patients.

Materials and Methods:

In a cross-sectional study, 60 HD patients with age >18 years and the dialysis duration >3 months were enrolled. Blood samples were taken, and electrocardiography and echocardiography were done before the dialysis session in the patients.

Results:

Mean age of the patients was 56.15 ± 14.6 years. QTc interval of the patients was 0.441 ± 0.056 s and QT dispersion (QTd) was 64.17 ± 25.93 ms. There was no statistically significant relationship between QTc interval and QTd with duration of dialysis, body mass index, age, and gender (P > 0.05). There was also no significant relationship between QTc interval and QTd with mitral regurgitation, tricuspid regurgitation and aortic insufficiency (P > 0.05). In addition, QTc interval and QTd of the patients had not any correlation with serum parathormon and serum Ca, K, HCO₃ (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Based on our results, in HD patients, QTc interval and QTd were not correlated with echocardiographic findings or laboratory exam results. Therefore, it can be concluded that QTc interval prolongation probably has not any correlation with cardiac mortality of the HD patients.     

Effect of slow coronary flow on electrocardiographic parameters reflecting ventricular heterogeneity

QT interval dispersion reflects regional variations in ventricular repolarization and cardiac electrical instability. Previous studies have showed that QT interval dispersion changes during episodes of myocardial ischemia. Slow coronary flow (SCF) in epicardial coronary arteries is a rare and unique angiographic finding. Whether this pattern of flow is associated with electrocardiographic abnormalities is unknown. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate whether SCF results in electrocardiographic (ECG) changes compared to normal coronary flow. For this aim 24 patients with angiographically proven SCF who had no obstructive coronary lesion (group I) and 25 patients without coronary artery disease (group II) were included in the study. Both groups underwent a routine standard 12-lead surface electrocardiogram recorded at 50 mm/s during rest. QT dispersion (QTd), corrected QT (QTc), and corrected QT dispersion (QTcd) were calculated. Distributions of sex, age, body mass index (BMI), and cardiac risk factors were similar in the 2 groups. Mean heart rate was similar in the 2 groups (74 +/-8 vs 77 +/- 7 p > 0.05). Mean QRS interval durations were similar in the groups (92 +/-7 vs 90 +/-6 ms p > 0.005). In group I, QTd, QTcd, and QTc, were significantly higher than in group II (QTd: 73 +/-14 vs 40 +/-14; QTcd: 71 +/-15 vs 42 +/-9; QTc: 414 +/-14 vs 388 +/-13, respectively p <0.05). In conclusion, SCF was found to be associated with prolonged QT interval and increased QT dispersion. Ischemia in microvascular level and/or altered autonomic regulation of the heart may be responsible mechanisms.     

冠心病冠状动脉介入治疗前后QT离散度的比较

目的　探讨成功的冠状动脉介入手术 (PTCA及冠状动脉内支架置入术 )对冠心病患者QT离散度 (QTd)的影响。方法　考察 2 5 2例冠心病患者成功进行介入手术前后十二导联同步心电图的结果 ,计算QTd和校正的QT离散度 (QTcd)并进行对比分析。结果　 2 5 2例冠心病患者经PTCA或加支架植入术共处理的病变有 383处 ,除 2 8例外 ,术后QTd缩短明显 ;介入手术前后QTd及QTcd比较有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;血流灌注术后均达到TIMIⅢ级与Ⅱ级 ,两组术前QTcd比较以及术后下降幅度无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;单支与多支病变术前QTcd无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,术后下降幅度则有显著差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　冠心病经成功的介入治疗后QT离散度明显减小 ,QT离散度可作为介入手术后心肌再灌注成功的一个参考指标。