后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的早期诊断与手术治疗

目的：探讨后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的早期诊断与手术治疗。方法：回顾性分析1995年1月－2001年10月共收治18例后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的诊断与治疗情况。训练伤1例，车祸伤16例，机器卷伤1例。新鲜骨折16例，陈旧性骨折2例。10例行三维CT重建检查。18例手术均用腓肠肌内侧斜切口显露。采用可吸收钉内固定10例，钢丝2例，螺钉6例。结果：18例均得到随访，时间6个月－2年，平均1．8年。优10例，良6例，中2例，差0例。结论：三维CT重建有利于后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折早期诊断；腓肠肌内侧斜切口有利于该损伤的手术显露。     

后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折治疗进展

后交叉韧带（posterior cruciate ligament,PCL）是膝关节最强的韧带,强度是前交叉韧带的两倍,其胫骨止点撕脱骨折很常见,是后交叉韧带损伤的一种类型,会引起后交叉韧带缺失的症状。国内外学者进行了大量实验和临床研究,     

后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的手术治疗

1991～2002年笔者治疗后交叉韧带(PCL)胫骨止点撕脱性骨折31例,随访6个月～1年,疗效满意.     

后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的手术治疗体会

2002年6月-2006年3月,我院对19例后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折进行了手术治疗,疗效满意。     

膝关节后内侧入路治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

2001年3月～2008年6月,我们应用膝关节后内侧切口内固定治疗后交叉韧带（PCL）胫骨平台后侧撕脱骨折23例,效果满意。     

后内侧入路治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

目的探讨后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的手术入路和固定方法。方法2007年6月至2009年6月对17例后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折患者,采用膝关节后内侧入路切开复位,11例用1～2枚空心钛钉固定,6例用钢丝固定。结果17例患者术后随访12-24个月,平均16．4个月,骨折均骨性愈合,术后12个月膝关节功能评定按Hohl评分标准评定,优12例,良3例,可2例,优良率88．2％。结论膝关节的后内侧人路为骨折的直视复位和固定提供了良好的操作空间,结合空心钉或钢丝内固定是治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的一种有效方法。     

钢丝内固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

目的:应用钢丝通过钻孔牵拉内固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折,评价疗效。方法:2003年1月至2009年6月,28例膝关节后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折患者,男19例,女9例;年龄16～55岁,平均35.3岁。X线检查示骨折移位:Ⅱ度10例,Ⅲ度18例。采用膝关节后内侧倒"L"形入路切开复位,以钢丝内固定治疗,术后可调节支具固定,术后2周在CPM辅助下膝关节被动伸屈训练,4周在支具保护下下地部分负重,术后6周拆除支具。结果:25例患者获随访,时间6～24个月,平均15个月。X线片示骨折复位满意,所有患者获得骨性愈合,膝关节稳定,Lachman试验阴性,未发生骨折不愈合和关节僵硬等并发症。伸膝活动度正常,屈膝活动度(136±12)°。采用Lysholm膝关节评分法评估,术前(41.80±6.16)分,术后6个月(94.10±8.26)分,术前术后比较,差异有统计学意义(t=26.667,P<0.01)。术后评定优22例,良2例,可1例。结论:应用膝后内侧倒"L"形入路以钢丝内固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折具有安全有效、内固定可靠、费用少等优点,可有效重建膝关节的稳定,恢复膝关节功能,是治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折较理想的选择。     

小切口微创治疗单纯后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

目的探讨小切口微创治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的手术方法及疗效。方法对32例后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折,采用膝关节后内侧小切口入路治疗。结果术后骨折均一期愈合,1例有Ⅰ度后抽屉试验阳性,2例有10°～15°的屈膝受限,Lysholm膝关节功能评分(91.6±3.6)分。结论采用膝关节后内侧小切口入路治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折,避开了膝关节后方神经、血管,有安全,创伤小,术后功能恢复快等优点。     

手术治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折治疗分析

目的 评价应用膝关节后内侧入路治疗后交叉韧带胫骨撕脱骨折的方法及疗效. 方法 回顾分析应用膝关节后内侧切口切开复位、AO空心螺钉置入治疗后交叉韧带胫骨撕脱骨折22例. 结果 本组手术过程顺利,均骨性愈合,术后3个月膝关节活动度均正常.19例均获门诊复查随访,随访时间6～24个月,平均9个月,获得随访的患者骨折术后均Ⅰ期愈合,膝关节活动度均正常,Lysholm评分平均96.6分. 结论 采用膝关节后内侧切口空心钉螺钉固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨撕脱骨折,手术创伤小,操作简单,固定可靠.     

后交叉韧带胫骨止点附着部撕脱骨折的手术治疗体会

后交叉韧带(posterior cruciate ligament,PCL)是维持膝关节稳定的重要组织,它的损伤将导致膝关节后直向不稳,影响膝关节的功能[1].单纯PCL胫骨附着部撕脱骨折是PCL损伤的一种常见类型.本院2000年6月～2006年6月共收治23例单纯PCL胫骨附着部撕脱骨折,经明确诊断后给予手术修复固定,随访结果疗效满意,现报告如下.     

Arthroscopic Direct Anterior‐to‐Posterior Suture Suspension Fixation for the Treatment of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Tibial Avulsion Fracture

ObjectivesA posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fracture of the tibial attachment site is a specific type of PCL injury that is difficult and unpleasant to manage. The objective of this study is to report the preliminary results of a newly developed technique: arthroscopic endobutton‐suture fixation using a single tibial tunnel.MethodsFrom January 2016 to January 2018, 120 patients with PCL avulsion fracture who met our criteria were recruited. Sixty cases were treated by arthroscopic direct anterior‐to‐posterior suture suspension fixation (endobutton‐suture group), and 60 cases were treated by arthroscopic screw‐suture fixation (screw‐suture group). All radiographic studies were recorded. The curative effect was evaluated by the range of motion (ROM), KT‐2000, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, Tegner activity scale, and Lysholm scoring system. For statistical analysis the Student t‐test was used.ResultsThe average follow‐up duration was 24 months. Findings and difficulties in surgery are the following. The lax anterior cruciate ligament is one of the diagnostic criteria. The anatomic location of PCL avulsion fractures is deep and surrounded by nerves and vessels; thus, operating through this region is difficult. After each tunnel drilling, the debris at the edge of opening needs to be cleaned to avoid obscuring the operator''s vision or wearing the sutures. In endobutton‐suture group, ROM improved from 0° preoperatively to 140.0° ± 5.6° at the last follow‐up (P < 0.001). The postoperative KT‐2000 arthrometric data at 90 N were available for all patients. The IKDC score was 23.6 ± 2.6 and 91.4 ± 4.1 pre‐ and postoperatively, respectively. The Tegner score improved from 1.2 ± 0.6 to 7.3 ± 2.3 (p < 0.001). The median Lysholm knee score increased from 40.4 ± 5.2 preoperatively to 90.1 ± 10.1 postoperatively (p < 0.001). The operative time was shorter in the endobutton‐suture group (p < 0.001). The Lysholm knee score in the endobutton‐suture group was lower than that in the endobutton‐suture group (3.1 ± 1.2 vs. 4.2 ± 1.8, p < 0.01). No significant complications were noted in the study.ConclusionsThe arthroscopic direct anterior‐to‐posterior suture suspension fixation is a simple and reliable method that not only provides better clinical outcomes, but also fixes avulsion fragments of any size.     

关节镜下单隧道带袢肩锁钛板联合Versalok锚钉治疗后交叉韧带下止点撕脱骨折

目的 探讨全关节镜下经胫骨单隧道带袢肩锁钛板联合Versalok锚钉固定治疗后交叉韧带（posterior cruciate ligament,PCL）下止点撕脱骨折的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年12月于我院采用膝关节镜下经胫骨单隧道带袢肩锁钛板联合Versalok锚钉治疗PCL下止点撕脱骨折的18例病人的临床资料。通过X线片评价骨折愈合情况,通过膝关节屈伸活动度、疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）、Lysholm膝关节评分评价膝关节功能,通过KT-2000评价膝关节稳定性。结果 18例病人的手术时间为（68.4±12.5） min,术中未出现骨折块碎裂等医源性损伤。随访14~16个月,术后X线片示骨折复位固定良好,膝关节稳定性恢复,骨折愈合时间为（15.1±1.2）周,未见内固定物松动、移位、骨折不愈合等并发症,术后无感染并发症。术后1、3个月随访时膝关节屈伸活动度恢复满意。术后1、3、6个月的VAS评分分别为（3.72±0.83）分、（2.11±0.68）分、（0.56±0.62）分,术后1、3、6个月和末次随访的Lysholm膝关节评分分别为（28.5±4.38）分、（65.78±9.07）分、（84.94±3.12）分、（97.50±2.50）分,与术前比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。术前与术后随访KT-2000测量结果的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 关节镜下经胫骨单隧道带袢肩锁钛板联合Versalok锚钉治疗PCL下止点撕脱骨折操作安全、简便、固定可靠,创伤小、恢复快、临床疗效满意。     

Suture Bridge Fixation Technique for Posterior Cruciate Ligament Avulsion Fracture

We presented a surgical technique including a suture bridge technique with relatively small incision for the reduction and fixation of posterior ligament avulsion fractures. A suture anchor was used to hold the avulsed fragment and a knotless anchor was used to continuously compress the bony fragment into the fracture site, thereby maintaining reduction during healing.     

Isolated Partial Femoral Avulsion Fracture of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament in Adults

ObjectiveTo investigate the manifestation, mechanisms, and treatment of isolated partial femoral avulsion fractures of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in adults.MethodsFrom January 2011 to December 2018, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of three patients with isolated partial femoral avulsion fractures of the PCL who were admitted to our institution. All of these patients were admitted to our emergency department within 24 h after injury. After physical examination and radiographs were taken and reviewed, all patients were admitted and underwent surgical treatment. In a 26‐year‐old man who underwent arthroscopic surgery through the traditional medial and lateral approach before finally converting to open surgery with the posterior approach, the fragment that was finally removed was partially attached to the PCL. In the other two patients, women aged 63 and 68 years, who underwent arthroscopic surgery via the traditional medial and lateral approach, the fragments were large and attached to most fibers of the PCL. We fixed the fragments using hollow screws in arthroscopic view. In addition, in the 63‐year‐old patient, an anchor was embedded to restore the tension of the PCL. Four weeks after surgery, the patients started to wear long leg braces in full extension with the tibia blocked up by cushion. Physical examinations were conducted and radiographs were taken preoperatively and at 4 weeks and 3 months after surgery to evaluate the condition of the injury. The range of motion and the Lysholm knee scoring scale for the knee joint were compared before and after the surgery.ResultsFor the three patients, the radiographs taken at 3 months postoperatively showed that the fixation of the screws did not fail, and the subchondral bone was generally normal compared to the preoperative radiographs. CT scanning at 3 months after surgery showed that the fracture healed in the original position of the avulsion site. For all patients, the affected knees presented as stable at physical examination 3 months after surgery; the Lachmann test and the anterior drawer test results were negative. In addition, the flexion–extension, internal rotation, and external rotation were approximately 0°–130°, 0°–30°, and 0°–40° in the 26‐year‐old patient, respectively. The flexion–extension, internal rotation, and external rotation were approximately 0°–100°, 0°–20°, and 0°–35° for the 63‐year‐old patient, respectively. The flexion–extension, internal rotation, and external rotation were approximately 0°–100°, 0°–15°, and 0°–20° for the 68‐year‐old patient, respectively. There was no pain or only little pain 3 months after surgery. There was no swelling or discomfort at the 3‐month follow up. The Lysholm knee scores of the 68‐year‐old, 63‐year‐old, and 26‐year‐old patient were 80, 87, and 95 at 3 months after surgery, respectively, which were obviously improved postoperatively.ConclusionThe manifestation of isolated partial femoral avulsion fractures of the PCL in adults is often related to the injury mechanism, and surgery is essential for the treatment of these patients. Most of these fractures can be repaired by arthroscopic surgery, but some have to be treated by open surgery.     

关节镜下空心螺钉固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

目的探讨关节镜下后内侧入路中空螺钉固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折的手术技巧及疗效。方法对15例后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折行关节镜下复位经后内侧入路,克氏针临时固定,经克氏针置入单枚带垫片直径4.5 mm中空钛质螺钉固定。结果手术时间40～82 min,平均55 min。随访6～24个月,平均15个月。术后6周,所有骨折均获愈合,未出现骨折移位。无窝部神经、血管损伤并发症。所有患者均无屈伸膝活动受限,仅1例患者后抽屉试验弱阳性。术后半年Lysholm膝关节功能评分89～96分,平均92.5分。结论关节镜下通过后内侧入路带垫片中空螺钉治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折,操作方便、安全,效果可靠。     

Antegrade Tibial Tunnel Technique for Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction remains a difficult procedure even in experienced hands0 because there is a lack of consensus regarding the most reliable and least technically challenging technique. The commonly used retrograde anteromedial tibial tunnel leads to excessive angulation at the posterior tibia and risks catastrophic neurovascular complications. We present a technique of drilling the transtibial PCL tunnel in an antegrade fashion through a posteromedial portal. This technique offers the advantage of an anterolateral route to reduce graft angulation, as well as drilling away from the important posterior neurovascular structures.     

A Proposal for a New Tibial Guide System for Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is always a challenge to the orthopaedic surgeon. It is difficult when the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is intact. We propose a new guide system through the posteromedial portal, avoiding ACL damage. The arthroscope is inserted anteromedially (30°), and anterolateral portals are used for instruments to confirm the diagnosis and inspect the joint to search for and treat associated lesions that may appear eventually. The posteromedial portal is located posterior to the collateral medial ligament superficially, adjacent to a portion of the posteromedial femoral condyle, which is located 1 cm proximal to the posteromedial tibial plate (where a skin marker must be used before insufflation of the knee). Our system is designed with an articular end in the form of a rasp, which helps prepare the area of the posterior tibia to be stripped before the tibial tunnel is drilled while being protected by the drill guide; this simplifies the preparation and creation of the tibial tunnel via a single device, which can be done with a 30° arthroscope but is easier with a 70° arthroscope. The guide system through the posteromedial portal is used to determine a fixed 40° angle of approach to the tibia in the anteroposterior direction to drill the tibial tunnel; this approach is particularly helpful in the presence of an intact ACL. The graft into the femoral tunnel is fixed with a bioabsorbable interference screw whose size must fit the graft and the tunnel walls. Before tibial graft fixation, it is necessary to reduce the posterior drawer. In the tibia the bundle corresponding to the anterolateral portion is tensioned and fixed under flexion, followed by the posteromedial portion in extension, by means of a Bottom Fix system (Smith & Nephew, Mayfield, MA) placed near the exit of the tibial tunnel.