含药煤油灯驱避大劣按蚊的室内效果观察

通过实验室内空白对照组、单纯煤油灯组和含药煤油灯组大劣按蚊叮咬频率的比较，证实含有0．05％右旋丙烯菊酯的煤油灯对大劣按蚊具有明显的驱避作用，同时具有一定的击倒和杀死作用。此外，对3组试验中大劣按蚊叮咬的时间分布进行了分析。     

湖北省2002年疟疾疫情分析

目的　掌握湖北省 2 0 0 2年疟疾流行情况 ,提出有效的防治措施。方法　收集 2 0 0 2年全省疟疾疫情 ,对重点地区进行居民带虫率及蚊媒种类和密度调查 ,分析全省疟疾流行现状和流行程度。结果　全省共报告疟疾 5 0 4 1例 ,发病率 0 .85 /万 ,比去年上升 1 .5 7倍 ;嗜人按蚊疟区 1 8个县 (市 )报告疟疾 4 795例 ,占全省病例的 95 .1 2 % ,发病率 2 .92 /万 ,比去年上升 1 .74倍 ;5个县市出现疟疾局部暴发流行 ,暴发点内中华按蚊密度高达 6 7只 /帐、居民带虫率平均为 4 .5 9%。中华按蚊疟区 6 3个县 (市 )发病 2 4 6例 ,占全省病例的4 .88% ,发病率 0 .0 4 /万 ,比去年上升 1 4 .95 %。结论　全省疟疾发病呈上升趋势 ,目前疟防工作的重点仍然是嗜人按蚊疟区的 1 2个重点县 (市 )。     

湖北省2003年疟疾流行态势分析

目的 掌握湖北省2003年疟疾流行态势,提出有效的防治措施。方法 收集2003年疟疾疫情,对重点地区进行居民带虫率及蚊媒种类和密度调查,分析全省疟疾流行现状。结果 全省共报告疟疾5344例,发病率0.89/万,比去年上升0.06％,嗜人按蚊疟区发病4785例,占全省病例的89.54％,发病率3.03/万,比去年下降4.53％;3个县市出现局部暴发流行。中华按蚊疟区发病559例,占全省病例的10.46％,发病率0.13/万,比去年上升69.91％。结论 全省疟疾疫情与2002年基本持平,但流行范围向鄂西北扩散。疟防工作的重点应放在老河口市和嗜人按蚊疟区的12个重点县(市、区)。     

Geographical distribution of Anopheles darlingi in the Amazon Basin region of Peru

Malaria has reemerged as a significant public health disease threat in Peru, especially within the Amazon Basin region. This resurgence of human cases caused by infection with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax is thought to be associated with the spread of Anopheles darlingi, the principal South American malaria vector, into new areas of the Amazon Basin. However, comprehensive studies of the distribution for this species have not been conducted in Peru for several years, nor are historical accounts accurate enough to determine if An. darlingi was actually present and not collected or misidentified. Therefore, the objective of this study is to define the distribution of An. darlingi as well as obtain data on distribution and abundance of other Anopheles species in this region. Mosquitoes were collected during 2001 in the Departments of Loreto and Ucayali, the two largest Amazonian Departments of Peru. A total of 60,585 specimens representing 12 species of the subgenera Nyssorhynchus and Anopheles were collected at 82 (88.2%) of 93 collecting sites. The majority of mosquitoes obtained were identified as An. benarrochi, comprising 70.7% of mosquitoes collected, followed by An. darlingi (24.0%), Anopheles mattogrosensis (2.4%), and Anopheles triannulatus (1.5%). Anopheles darlingi was collected from 48.8% of sites, indicating that this species is established throughout central Loreto, including further west in the Amazon Basin than previously reported. These data suggest that this species is now found in areas of the Amazon Basin region where it has not been previously reported.     

澳洲大蠊触角感受器的扫描电镜观察

目的获得澳洲大蠊触角感受器外部形态的资料,并与美洲大蠊和黑胸大蠊的触角感受器进行比较,为蟑螂的防治提供新的基础资料。方法扫描电镜观察法。结果观察结果表明,大蠊属昆虫的触角均分布有毛形感器、刺形感器和锥形感器,澳洲大蠊同时还有腔锥形感器。结论澳洲大蠊触角感受器种类较为丰富。     

雌家蝇产卵器和足上感受器的形态学研究

目的从形态学上观察分析雌家蝇产卵器和足上与产卵基质选择行为相关的感受器。方法利用扫描电镜对雌家蝇的产卵器和足进行超微结构观察。结果雌家蝇的产卵器和足上存在6种形态的感受器,包括感受鬃、刺形感受器、毛形感受器、锥形感受器、腔形感受器和腔锥形感受器。其中,感受鬃、刺形感受器和毛形感受器分布最广泛,其次是锥形感受器、腔形感受器和腔锥形感受器。感受鬃毛体伸展方向与体表的夹角较大。毛形感受器与体表连接膜的分节可见或不可见。第5腹节上的刺形感受器长300～700μm,而足上的刺形感受器长度不超过120μm。肛下板上的锥形感受器着生在臼状窝内,端部稍微变细、较钝;而足跗节上的锥形感受器基部不具有臼状窝,端部突变尖细。在中足胫节基部有一腔形感受器密集的区域。在左侧肛尾叶末端有一腔锥形感受器。结论家蝇可能通过这些感受器的感受作用,获取产卵基质的机械和湿度信息,对产卵行为进行调节。     

Identification of the vectors of lymphatic filariasis in the Lower Shire Valley, southern Malawi

An investigation of lymphatic filariasis vectors in Malawi is reported. Anopheles funestus, A. arabiensis, and A. gambiae sensu stricto had high rates of filarial infection (2.2-3.1%) and carried infective larvae. Anopheles funestus was the predominant species collected (77.6%) and was the primary vector during the study period of April to May 2002.     

丝光绿蝇2龄幼虫头节扫描电镜观察及一种新型感受器的发现（双翅目：丽蝇科）

目的对丝光绿蝇2龄幼虫头节感受器进行扫描电镜观察,补充新的形态学信息并筛选出便于物种鉴定的特征。方法2012年6—8月于北京松山国家级保护区和北京林业大学校园采集雌性丝光绿蝇,实验室饲养获得幼虫标本,扫描电镜观察头节感受器形态。结果幼虫头节触角为1个大腔锥形感受器,下颚须内围分布3个锥形、3个大腔锥形及6个小腔锥形3种不同类型的感受器,外围分布2个大腔锥形感受器。口沟基部具1对坑状感受器,下唇两侧附属器官均具1个大腔锥形感受器和1个坑状感受器。结论观察到丽蝇科幼虫新的形态学特征：下颚须的小腔锥形感受器和下唇器官的坑状感受器,其中小腔锥形感受器可作为丝光绿蝇2龄幼虫的鉴别特征。     

New findings of Anopheles mosquitoes in artificial containers]

New findings of Anopheles mosquitoes in artificial containers are reported. In one, a plastic container served as a breeding place for Anopheles bellator larvae and, in another, four instar larvae of An. albitarsis s.l. were found in an abandoned toilet basin. Reflections are offered as to the selective pressure represented by the production, of an ever increasing scale, of disposable objects.     

Anopheles peditaeniatus (Leicester) new to the Iranian mosquito fauna with notes on Anopheles hyrcanus group in Iran

Anopheles peditaeniatus is reported for the first time in Iran. Species of the Hyrcanus Group previously reported in Iran, including An. hyrcanus, An. pseudopictus, and An. nigerrimus, are reviewed.     

Finding of anophelines, subgenus Nyssorhynchus, in artificial containers, Brazil

Larvae and a pupa of anophelines were found in deactivated artificial containers. Anopheles argyritarsis larvae were found in an abandoned water container in Pedregulho, district of Ponta Negra, and a Anopheles aquasalis pupa was found in a container left outdoors as part of an experiment, in the district of Itaipua?u. Three cases of malaria were reported in this same district in 1997. Both findings of anophelines took place in a town of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.     

Characterization and antigenic relationship of 3 new Bunyaviruses in the group Anopheles A (Bunyaviridae) of arboviruses]

The isolation and characterization of three new viruses obtained from the Tucuruí hydroelectric dam region is reported. These three agents belong to the Anopheles A serogroup, genus Bunyavirus, Bunyaviridae. The Tucuruí (TUC), caraipé (CPE) and Arumateua (ART) viruses have close relationships with each other and with Trombetas (TBT) virus, an Anopheles A virus previously isolated in the Amazon Region of Brazil. These viruses form the "Trombetas complex". TUC, CPE and ART viruses were obtained from pools of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) sp captured in Tucuruí, Pará State, in February, August and October of 1984, respectively. Until 1990 TUC, CPE and ART were isolated 12, 32 and 28 times respectively, in the Tucuruí hydroelectric dam region. At the moment, these viruses have only been obtained from mosquitoes of the Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) complex, especially from An. (Nys.) nuneztovari and An. (Nys.) triannulatus, that are considered to be secondary vectors of Plasmodium in Amazonia. Serological tests performed with human and wild animal sera were negative, except for one specimen Nasua nasua that had neutralization antibodies to TUC.     

按蚊rDNA ITS 2区段基因序列检测

目的 鉴定浙江传疟媒介种类，为制定浙江省疟疾防治策略提供依据。方法 利用媒介按蚊核糖体核酸内转录问隔2（rDNAITS2）区段基因特征，应用PCR基因鉴别技术。对浙江省现场捕捉的按蚊与嗜人按蚊、八代按蚊、中华按蚊、雷氏按蚊实验室标本进行基因鉴别和比较。结果 浙江省现场捕捉的按蚊DNA样本的PCR扩增产物均为250bp，与实验室中华按蚊标本一致。结论 浙江省的传疟媒介是中华按蚊，现场调查未发现嗜人按蚊。     

Afro-tropical anopheline mosquitoes. III. Description of three new species: Anopheles carnevalei sp. nov., An. hervyi sp. nov., and An. dualaensis sp. nov., and resurrection of An. rageaui Mattingly and Adam

Anopheles (Cellia) carnevalei sp. nov. is described as a new species morphologically similar to Anopheles nili. This aggressive human biter was collected in Ivory Coast. Anopheles (Cellia) hervyi sp. nov. was collected in southern Niger and is described as a new species morphologically similar to Anopheles salbaii. Anopheles (Cellia) dualaensis sp. nov. is a new species from Duala in southern Cameroon. The synonymy of Anopheles cavernicolus and Anopheles smithii is confirmed. Based on extensive reexamination of larval and adult morphology, the authors suggest that Anopheles (Cellia) rageaui Mattingly and Adam should no longer be considered as a synonymn of An. smithii.     

PCR技术在赫坎按蚊复合体近缘种鉴别中的应用

目的应用聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术分析湖北省不同地区媒介按蚊的种型.方法采用传统的形态学方法和新建立的基因鉴别技术对现场捕获的按蚊分别进行形态特征鉴别和基因鉴别及比较.结果现场捕获181只按蚊,形态学确认176只为中华按蚊,而PCR鉴定172只为中华按蚊,另4只为八代按蚊;经形态学特征鉴别的5只嗜人按蚊中,PCR鉴别有4只为嗜人按蚊,另1只为八代按蚊.结论采用PCR基因鉴别技术能准确鉴别赫坎按蚊种团内中华按蚊、嗜人按蚊、八代按蚊等近缘种按蚊,较传统的按蚊形态学鉴别方法准确,适用于复合媒介地区的疟疾媒介调查和监测.     

Comparative susceptibility of Southeast Asian Anopheles mosquitoes to the simian malaria parasite Plasmodium cynomolgi.

Seven Anopheles species/isolates were compared with Anopheles dirus (control) for susceptibility to Plasmodium cynomolgi B strain. The mean numbers of oocysts in paired replicates of An. dirus and An. takasagoensis were not significantly different. The remaining test species had significantly fewer mean numbers of oocysts than Anopheles dirus (P less than 0.01). Anopheles dirus had the highest percentage of mosquitoes infected with P. cynomolgi sporozoites (82%). Of the test groups, Anopheles dirus B and An. takasagoensis had the highest percentage of mosquitoes with sporozoites, 77 and 78%, respectively. Fewer than 50% of Anopheles maculatus E and An. maculatus B (NN isolate) had sporozoites in the salivary glands. Anopheles maculatus B (HK isolate) and Anopheles philippinensis were the least susceptible, with fewer than 30% having sporozoites in the salivary glands.     

湖北省2006年疟疾疫情分析

目的掌握湖北省2006年疟疾流行态势,找出防治工作重点,为制定科学的抗疟措施提供依据。方法统计2006年各县（市）发病率,分析比较疟疾疫情及疟疾流行的三间分布。结果2006年全省疫情报告1 753例,发病率为0.31万/,与2005年的1 518例比较上升15.48%。嗜人按蚊疟区18个县市,发病1 472例,占全省病例的83.97%;发病率为0.98/万,较2005年同期1 269例上升16.00%。中华按蚊疟区63个县市,共发病281例,占全省总数的16.03%,发病率为0.07万/,较2005年249例上升12.85%。结论湖北省疟疾疫情已降至历史最低水平,但疫情极不稳定。     

2004-2016年龙岩市疟疾流行病学监测结果分析

目的 分析2004-2016年龙岩市疟疾监测资料,为消除疟疾后防控略制定提供依据。方法 收集并分析2004-2016年疟疾病例、“三热”病人血检、媒介和人群知晓率调查资料。结果 2004-2016年报告疟疾病例40例,均为输入性病例,东南亚及非洲国家感染34例占85.00%(34/40),间日疟24例占60.00%(24/40),恶性疟6例占15.00%(6/40),间日疟恶性疟复合感染8例占20.00%(8/40),“三热病人”血检阳性者均为主动求诊疑似疟疾病例,中华按蚊种群构成1.52％,未发现嗜人按蚊和微小按蚊,人群防治知识知晓率为35.47%。结论 龙岩市2004年以来疟疾病例均为输入性,东南亚及非洲国家归国人员是病例侦查发现传染源主要对象,提高医疗机构“三热病人”血检效率及时发现治疗病例和加强大众人群的健康宣教,是巩固消除疟疾成果的关键。     

湖北省枣阳市1999～2006年疟疾流行特征分析

目的分析湖北省枣阳市1999～2006年疟疾流行特征,为今后制定防治对策提供科学依据。方法根据枣阳市1999～2006年疟疾疫情报表,进行季节、地域、人群分布分析。结果枣阳市1999～2006年报告疟疾病例9499例,2006年比2001年下降了63.41%,73.42%的病例集中在中华按蚊疟区,4～9月为疟疾发病高峰,7～8月最高,主要以农民(69.49%)、小学文化(48.72%)、30岁以上(63.18%)、男性(62.88%)人群为主。结论枣阳市中华按蚊疟区为主要疟疾流行区。加强疫情报告,实施及控制传染源,降低发病率为主的综合措施是今后工作的重点。     

Species of Anopheles (Culicidae, Anophelinae) in a malaria-endemic area, Maranhão, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: The study of the seasonal fluctuation, nocturnal activity, relative abundance and the richness of Anopheles species in anthropic environment is essential to the understanding of the their bioecology and to the surveillance program of malaria control. METHODS: The Anopheles species were studied from 6 P.M. to 6 A.M., once a month, for one year, from October 1996 to September 1997, in the municipal district of Raposa, of the S?o Luís island, Maranh?o state. The basic method was the capture of female specimens on human baits in peri and intradomicile sites by means of aspiration tube and guided luminous focus. RESULTS: A total of 1.407 specimens were collected and distributed as follow: Anopheles aquasalis (82% of the sample), Anopheles galvaoi (10,2%), Anopheles albitarsis (6,4%), Anopheles evansae, Anopheles nuneztovari, and Anopheles triannulatus davisi (the last three represented together 1, 4%). The anophelines occurred all year round, mainly in the rainy period, being more frequent in the intra (75,3%) than in the peridomicile site (24,7%), showing a clear preference to suck blood in the evening. CONCLUSION: The behavioural variation of Anopheles shows that the different species are becoming adapted to closeness to human habitations, in the rural zone of the S?o Luis island.