腺病毒介导IL-2基因转染的瘤苗体内抗肿瘤作用

目的 :探讨重组腺病毒介导的 IL- 2基因转染的瘤苗的体内抗肿瘤作用及其免疫学机制。方法 :应用腺病毒介导的鼠 IL- 2基因转染 CT2 6小鼠结肠癌细胞 ,灭活后用作瘤苗治疗荷瘤小鼠 ,观察皮下肿瘤生长及其存活期。采用乳酸脱氢酶释放法检测荷瘤小鼠脾细胞 CTL、L AK、NK细胞的杀伤活性。结果 :鼠 IL- 2基因转染瘤苗治疗能显著抑制荷瘤小鼠皮下肿瘤生长并明显延长其存活期 (P<0 .0 1)。体内免疫功能检测表明 ,鼠 IL- 2基因转染疫苗治疗组小鼠脾细胞 CTL 活性、L AK活性和 NK活性显著高于对照组 (P<0 .0 1)。结论 :腺病毒介导鼠 IL- 2基因转染的瘤苗体内具有较强的抗肿瘤效应 ,其机制可能是提高了荷瘤小鼠特异性和非特异性抗肿瘤免疫反应     

沙苑子黄酮抗肝癌生长作用及对免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨中药提取物沙苑子黄酮(flavonoids extracts from semen Astragali complanati,FAC)对小鼠肝癌H22细胞生长的影响及其机制.方法:建立H22荷瘤小鼠模型,观察FAC对H22肝癌移植瘤生长的抑制作用及其对荷瘤小鼠免疫器官、巨噬细胞吞噬功能、淋巴细胞转化功能及生存期的影响.结果:高、中、低剂量组FAC对荷瘤小鼠肝癌细胞生长具有显著抑制作用,与正常对照模型组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide,CTX)对照组的抑瘤率与FAC高剂量组相近(P>0.05). FAC可以明显延长荷瘤小鼠的存活期,高、中、低剂量组的生命延长率分别为64.9%、56.7%和28.1%,与CTX对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01).另外,高、中、低剂量组FAC明显提高荷瘤小鼠的胸腺指数和脾指数,与正常对照模型组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);且高、中剂量组能显著提高巨噬细胞吞噬功能和淋巴细胞转化能力,与正常对照模型组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);而CTX的作用方向相反,与正常对照模型组比较差异也具有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论:FAC可抑制肝癌H22细胞生长,延长荷瘤小鼠存活期,并能提高荷瘤小鼠的非特异性免疫功能.FAC可能通过调节机体免疫功能来发挥抗肿瘤作用.     

热休克预处理对瘤苗免疫效果的影响

热休克蛋白(HPS)广泛存在于正常细胞和肿瘤细胞中参与多种细胞内蛋白质的折叠、装配及转运,近年来发现HSP与肿瘤免疫有关,肿瘤组织中HSP肽复合物具有肿瘤疫苗的作用,体外培养条件下热休克处理可诱导H22肝癌细胞表面HSP70的表达,本文探索在H22肝癌疫苗制备过程中热休克预处理是否能增强小鼠H22肝癌细胞瘤苗的免疫效果.实验分组:按瘤菌性质不同实验分为7组,每组小鼠10只,(1)对照组:用生理盐水代替瘤苗免疫小鼠.(2)单纯佐剂组:用脂质体包裹的rIL-2代替瘤苗.(3)无佐剂瘤苗组:用     

IL-2和iRNA在鼠H22肝癌主动免疫治疗中的应用

本研究取鼠H22肝癌细胞制备部分纯化的多价抗原与同系健康鼠脾细胞加适量IL-k、iRNA共同孵育12～24小时后用于荷瘤(H22肝癌)小鼠的主动免疫治疗.经治疗小鼠分为四组.组1,瘤苗组,即用本实验制备的瘤苗腹腔注射,每周1次连用4次,末次注射1周后腹腔接种H22肝癌细胞.组2,单纯用部分纯化抗原组.单纯抗原腹腔注射,每周1次连用4次,末次注射1周后腹腔接种H22肝癌细胞.组3,用iRNA和IL-2组,iRNA0.5mg,IL-2800U腹腔注射,     

自体肿瘤瘤苗对荷瘤鼠Th1、Th2型细胞因子及细胞毒作用的影响

目的研究经处理的H22肝癌细胞肿瘤瘤苗作为全细胞瘤苗对H22荷瘤小鼠体内Th1/Th2细胞比例和细胞因子的影响以及CTL的杀伤活性.方法用加重组白细胞介素2、重组粒细胞单核细胞集落刺激因子及福氏不完全佐剂制成疫苗,建立荷瘤小鼠模型,用51Cr释放法测定瘤苗免疫组、荷瘤组、正常组小鼠脾细胞对亲本H22肝癌细胞的杀伤活性;流式细胞仪检测单个核细胞中的Th1和Th2细胞,并取血检测血清中IL-10、IFN-γ水平.结果效靶比为200:1时,免疫小鼠脾细胞体外杀伤亲本H22肝癌细胞的杀伤率为38.3%,显著高于荷瘤组的13.6%,正常组的7.5%,以及对S180细胞的9.1%(P均＜0.05).瘤苗免疫组Th1细胞及Th1/Th2细胞的比值显著升高(P＜0.01),血清IFN-γ较对照组明显升高(P＜0.01);血清IL-10较对照组明显降低(P＜0.01).结论肿瘤细胞加小剂量IL-2和GM-CSF及佐剂组成的肿瘤细胞瘤苗可激发特异性细胞介导的免疫反应,改善抗肿瘤免疫反应.     

TIM2基因修饰对H22细胞的抑制作用及苦参碱的增强作用

目的 观察苦参碱对TIM2基因修饰小鼠H22肝癌细胞瘤苗的体内作用.方法 以携带小鼠TIM2基因的真核表达载体脂质体法转染H22细胞,经体外稳定筛选获得TIM2转基因H22细胞瘤苗.建立小鼠肝癌移植瘤模型,接种TIM2转基因H22细胞瘤苗(H22-TIM2组),观察成瘤情况,并设空载体转染的H22细胞稳定表达株和H22细胞作为对照(H22-EGFP组和H22组);同时,分别加用药物苦参碱治疗,观察苦参碱对不同处理组小鼠肿瘤生长情况的影响.结果成功得到TIM2转基因修饰H22细胞,鉴定有TIM2基因mRNA及EGFP的稳定表达.免疫接种小鼠后,在小鼠体内的成瘤率为41.6%,明显低于H22组和H22-EGFP组(后两者成瘤率在91.6%以上)(P＜0.01),小鼠肿瘤的生长速率也较其他各组明显缓慢,实验结束时H22-TIM2组小鼠肿瘤平均体积为(31.34±9.21)mm3,明显小于H22.EGFP组和H22组[(98.25±25.23)mm3和(114.08±36.45)mm3;P＜0.01].接种H22-TIM2细胞对小鼠肿瘤的抑制率为69.2%,加用苦参碱后,抑瘤率达90.6%,明显高于单用苦参碱组(67.5%)及H22-EGFP和苦参碱联用组(70.8%).结论 TIM2基因修饰H22细胞可显著降低H22肝癌细胞在小鼠体内的致瘤性,抑制小鼠体内H22移植瘤的发生和发展,而苦参碱可明显改善其体内抗癌活性.     

肝癌细胞特异性IL-1a反义RNA对小鼠移植肝癌的抑制

目的:构建肝癌细胞特异性小鼠IL-1a反义RNA表达载体,观察其对H22肝癌细胞小鼠移植瘤生长的影响及其相关机制.方法:构建由AFP最小启动子和CMV增强子嵌合序列调控的携IL-1a反义RNA表达载体pafpIRES2-antiIL-1a1和pafpIRES2-antiIL-1a2,经质粒PCR、限制性酶谱分析、序列测定进行鉴定.反义RNA表达载体转染小鼠H22肝癌细胞,分H22/mock组、H22/antiIL-1a1组、H22/antiIL-1a2三组,RT-PCR检测IL-1a的表达水平.以转染后的H22细胞皮下接种建立荷肝癌小鼠模型,观察移植瘤体积和重量,MTT法检测荷瘤小鼠脾脏中分离的NK细胞对H22细胞的杀伤活性.结果:经质粒PCR、限制性酶谱分析、序列测定证实成功构建能够在肝癌细胞中特异性表达IL-1a反义RNA的表达载体pafpIRES2-antiIL-1a1和pafpIRES2-antiIL-1a2,转染H22细胞后细胞中IL-1a表达水平明显下降,以pafpIRES2-antiIL-1a2更为显著.成功建立荷肝癌小鼠模型,与H22/mock组小鼠相比, H22/antiIL-1a2组小鼠移植瘤体积较小,生长显著减慢(P<0.05). H22/antiIL-1a1、H22/antiIL-1a2组荷瘤小鼠的NK细胞对H22细胞的杀伤活性明显增强(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论:成功构建的肝癌细胞特异性IL-1a反义RNA表达载体可有效抑制小鼠移植肝癌的生长,其机制与靶向阻断IL-1a表达、上调NK细胞的杀伤活性有关.     

树突状细胞对肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞抗小鼠肝癌活性影响的研究

目的探讨H22细胞全细胞性抗原致敏的DC激活的TIL体外抗小鼠肝癌活性,并将H22-DC-TIL过继免疫荷瘤小鼠,研究其对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响及抑瘤作用。方法从小鼠四肢长骨骨髓中获取DC,应用粒/巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、白介素-4(IL-4)和肿瘤全细胞性抗原致敏DC,然后用DC激活TIL,观察TIL在体外对H22细胞、Hepal-6细胞和B16细胞的杀伤活性;检测应用H22-DC-TIL后荷瘤小鼠的脾淋巴细胞的NK、LAK、CTL活性、血清TNF活性、抑瘤作用以及瘤体病理改变,并与对照组相比较。结果①H22-DC-TIL具有很强的对H22细胞杀伤活性[杀伤率为(71.31±3.11)%],明显高于其对Hepal-6和B16细胞的杀伤活性[杀伤率分别为(50.11±3.03)%,(30.31±2.89)%],也明显高于未经DC激活的TIL、H22-DC-脾淋巴细胞和未经DC激活的脾淋巴细胞对H22细胞杀伤活性[杀伤率分别为(49.80±3.21)%,(48.76±3.60)%和(19.23±2.71)%]和对Hepal-6细胞杀伤活性[杀伤率分别为(39.40±3.21)%,(38.62±2.87)%和(18.73±2.40)%]以及对B16细胞杀伤活性[杀伤率分别为(26.38±2.51)%,(25.82±2.70)%和(18.34±3.01)%],同时B16-DC-TIL(TIL来源于H22瘤体)也可诱导相对较低的对B16细胞的特异性细胞杀伤活性。②H22-DC-TIL可明显诱导提高荷瘤脾淋巴细胞NK、LAK和CTL活性[活性为(30.43±1.35)%、(31.40±1.80)%、(35.30±1.20)%],并可检测到血清TNF水平明显上升[血清TNF为(40.41±1.85)U/ml],它们均达正常对照组水平,与未经DC激活的TIL组、H22-DC-脾淋巴细胞组、未经DC激活的脾淋巴细胞组、生理盐水组分别对应比较,差异均有显著性(P<0.01)。该组瘤体内淋巴细胞浸润程度也高于对照组,其瘤体生长明显受到抑制。结论①H22-DC-TIL可产生很强的体外针对H22细胞的特异性杀伤活性。②H22-DC-TIL具有很强的特异性抗小鼠肝癌作用。     

负载小鼠端粒酶逆转录酶基因的树突状细胞体内诱导抗肝癌免疫应答

目的 探讨小鼠端粒酶逆转录酶(mTERT)基因修饰的树突状细胞(Ad-mTERT-DC)在体内诱导抗肝癌活性的情况.方法 选用Bal B/c小鼠肝癌种植模型,用携带mTERT基因的重组腺病毒载体(Ad-mTERT)转染小鼠体外培养的DC,对同系小鼠进行免疫.采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测脾细胞体外抗原再刺激后白介素2(IL-2)和γ干扰素(IFN-γ)水平,酶联免疫斑点法(ELISPOT)检测分泌IFN-γ细胞的数量,51Cr释放法检测细胞毒T淋巴细胞杀伤活性.接种H22细胞后,观察肿瘤大小及荷瘤小鼠存活情况.并进一步观察,在H22移植瘤存在的情况下,Ad-mTERT-DC是否能够有效抑制肿瘤生长.结果 小鼠脾细胞体外接受抗原再刺激后,Ad-mTERT组IL-2和IFN-γ水平以及IFN-γ分泌细胞的数量分别为871.25 pg/ml、169.15 ng/ml和378/106个脾细胞,显著高于Ad-GFP组(131.6 pg/ml、15.4 ng/ml和36/106个脾细胞,均P<0.05)、DC组(71.3 pg/ml、10.5ng/ml和21/106个脾细胞)和PBS组(65.8 pg/ml、7.4 ng/ml和18/106个脾细胞,均P<0.05).Ad-mTERT-DC能诱导特异性CTL的产生,在效靶比为90:1时,Ad-mTERT组的特异性杀伤率为58.7%,明显高于Ad-GFP组(10.3%)、DC组(2.9%)和PBS组(1.7%).接种后第27天,Ad-mTERT组中成瘤小鼠的肿瘤平均直径明显低于各对照组(P<0.05),小鼠存活时间明显延长(P<0.05).Ad-mTERT组抑瘤率为43.6%,明显高于PBS组、DC组和Ad-GFP组(均P<0.01).结论 Ad-mTERT-DC在小鼠体内可诱导出mTERT抗原特异性的抗肿瘤活性,对肝癌有预防和治疗作用.     

特异性小干扰RNA沉默Itch基因增强小鼠T细胞对MFC胃癌细胞的免疫杀伤作用

背景与目的：Itch蛋白是一种具有调节T细胞免疫应答起始的关键分子,属于E3泛素转移酶家族,广泛参与细胞内多种信号蛋白如ZAP70、P85、VAV、PLC-γ和PKC-θ等的泛素化修饰过程,在肿瘤诱导机体免疫耐受中起着重要作用。Itch通过调节T细胞表面受体活性及转移生长因子-β信号通路来介导T细胞免疫无反应性,诱导外周组织Treg细胞增殖。因此,通过改变Itch蛋白表达活性有望成为一种治疗自体免疫性疾病和肿瘤的有效途径。我们利用特异性小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA,siRNA)沉默T细胞Itch基因的表达,观察转染T细胞对小鼠MFC胃癌细胞的体外免疫杀伤作用。方法：分离615小鼠脾脏T细胞,筛选高效特异性沉默Itch基因的siRNA序列转染T细胞,蛋白质印迹法检测各分组Itch蛋白的表达水平;转染72 h后,利用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测细胞因子IL-2、INF-γ分泌情况,比较空白组、空转组及转染组T细胞与小鼠MFC胃癌细胞混合培养肿瘤杀伤率。结果：转染48 h后,与对照组相比,转染T细胞Itch蛋白表达率降低至16%;转染72 h后,检测转染组、空转组、空白组细胞因子IL-2分泌水平分别为(1891.96±141.91)pg/mL,(1241.69±91.67)pg/mL,(1175.03±89.14)pg/mL(P<0.001),转染组、空转组、空白组细胞因子INF-γ分泌水平分别为(958.33±75.46)pg/mL,(683.33±66.67)pg/mL,(691.72±68.72)pg/mL(P<0.05)。在体外实验中,与空白组及空转组T细胞相比,转染组T细胞能更高效地杀伤小鼠MFC胃癌细胞,最高杀瘤率达到(54.18±2.96)%。结论：利用特异性siRNA技术沉默Itch基因能够促进小鼠T细胞因子IL-2、INF-γ分泌,增强T细胞对小鼠MFC胃癌细胞的体外免疫杀伤作用。     

IL-12转染对人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞增殖的影响及其机制

背景与目的:卵巢恶性肿瘤发病率、复发率、转移率均较高,有研究表明IL-12具有明显的抗肿瘤作用.本研究探讨白细胞介素-12(interleukin-12,IL-12)对人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞生长抑制作用机制及其对裸鼠皮下种植瘤成瘤能力的影响.方法:应用脂质体转染技术将含有小鼠IL-12全长基因的质粒转染到SKOV3细胞(SKOV3/IL-12组),同时以空白质粒载体转染SKOV3细胞(SKOV3/neo组)和未转染SKOV3细胞作为对照.ELISA法检测3组细胞上清中IL-12表达.MTT法检测3组SKOV3细胞的抑制率和细胞倍增时间.建立裸鼠皮下卵巢癌种植模型,分别接种SKOV3/IL-12、SKOV3/neo、SKOV3细胞,观察肿瘤生长情况.ELISA法检测裸鼠血清中IL-12及γ-干扰素(gamma interferon,IFN-γ)的表达,免疫组化法检测裸鼠种植瘤中血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD)及干扰素诱生蛋白-10(IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10,IP-10)的表达.结果:转染48、60 h后细胞上清中IL-12蛋白表达量,SKOV3/IL-12组[(473.0±38.0)pg/ml、(522.0±32.0)pg/ml]高于SKOV3/neo组[(16.0±1.3)pg/ml、(18.0±1.6)pg/ml]及SKOV3组[(16.0±1.2)pg/ml、(17.0±1.4)pg/ml](P＜0.01).SKOV3/IL-12组细胞增殖抑制率为63.7%,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),SKVO3/IL-12组细胞倍增时间(45.8±2.7)h明显长于SKOV3/neo细胞组(27.6±2.2)h和SKOV3组(28.2±2.1)h(P＜0.01).裸鼠皮下卵巢癌种植模型中,SKOV3/IL-12组裸鼠成瘤率(5/8)低于对照组(8/8)(P＜0.01);平均成瘤时间[(15.0±5.0)天]长于SKOV3/neo组[(7.9±3.2)天]和SKOV3组[(7.8±2.4)天](P＜0.01);SKOV3/IL-12组种植瘤体积、重量和裸鼠体重低于SKOV3/neo组和SKOV3组(P＜0.01),种植瘤生长速度缓慢,抑瘤率达61.3%.SKOV3/IL-12组裸鼠血清中IL-12、IFN-γ表达量高于SKOV3/neo组和SKOV3组(P＜0.01).SKOV3/IL-12组裸鼠种植瘤中IP-10阳性率(100%)高于对照组(P＜0.01),VEGF阳性率(62.5%)及MVD低于对照组(P＜0.01).结论:转染IL-12能有效地抑制SKOV3细胞生长;转染IL-12的SKOV3/IL-12细胞在裸鼠皮下的成瘤能力降低;IL-12可通过诱导IFN-γ诱生IP-10抑制肿瘤血管形成而实现其抗卵巢癌的作用.     

重组质粒pIRES-GM-CSF-IL-21的构建及其治疗小鼠肝癌移植瘤的疗效

目的 构建重组质粒plRES-GM-CSF-IL-21,观察其在小鼠体内的抑瘤作用。方法 将体外培养的肝癌H22细胞接种于小鼠肝左叶,成瘤后,将小鼠分为5组,每组10只,分别尾静脉注射重组质粒plRES-GM-CSF-IL-21、plRES-GM-CSF、plRES-IL-21、plRES和PBS,观察各组荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤生长情况以及GM-CSF和IL-21的抗肿瘤效应。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测小鼠血清γ干扰素(lFN-γ)和白细胞介素2(IL-2)的含量。采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝法检测小鼠脾脏自然杀伤细胞(NK)和细胞毒T淋巴细胞(CTL)的活性。结果 H22组、H-22/Neo组、H22/GM-CSF组、H22/IL-21组和H22/GM-CSFIL-21组小鼠的肿瘤重量分别为(1.591±0.280)g、(1.489±0.155)g、(0.603±0.223)g、(0.583±0.290)g和(0.303±0.323)g,H22/GM-CSF-IL-21组、H22/IL-21组和H22/GM-CSF组小鼠的肿瘤重量明显低于H22组和H22/Neo组(P＜0.01),H22/GM-CSF-IL-21组小鼠的肿瘤重量明显低于H22/GM-CSF组和H22/IL-21组(P＜0.05)。与H22/GM-CSF组和H22/IL-21组比较,H22/GM-CSF-IL-21组小鼠血清中IFN-γ和IL-2的浓度显著升高(P＜0.01),而H22组和H22/Neo组小鼠血清中IFN-Y和IL-2的浓度显著降低(P＜0.01)。与H22/GM-CSF组和H22/IL-21组比较,H22/GM-CSF-IL-21组小鼠脾脏CTL和NK细胞的杀伤活性显著增强(P＜0.01),而H22组和H22/Neo组小鼠脾脏CTL和NK细胞的杀伤活性显著降低(P＜0.01)。结论 重组质粒plRES-GM-CSF-IL-21对小鼠肝癌移植瘤具有明显的抗肿瘤效应,并能促进小鼠体内IFN-γ和IL-2的分泌,增强脾脏中NK和CTL细胞的活性,其效果优于单—GM-CSF或II-21基因治疗。     

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2 fusion cDNA for cancer gene immunotherapy

Genetic engineering of tumor cells to express both granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-2 can induce synergistic immune antitumor effects. Paradoxically, the combination has also been reported to down-regulate certain immune functions, highlighting the unpredictability of dual cytokine use. We hypothesized that a GM-CSF and IL-2 fusion transgene (GIFT) could circumvent such limitations yet preserve synergistic features. We designed a fusion cDNA of murine GM-CSF and IL-2. Protein structure computer modeling of GIFT protein predicted for intact ligand binding domains for both cytokines. B16 mouse melanoma cells were gene modified to express GIFT (B16GIFT), and these cells were unable to form tumors in C57bl/6 mice. Irradiated B16GIFT whole-cell tumor vaccine could also induce absolute protective immunity against challenge by live B16 cells. In mice with established melanoma, B16GIFT therapeutic cellular vaccine significantly improved tumor-free survival when compared with B16 expressing both IL-2 and GM-CSF. We show that GIFT induced a significantly greater tumor site recruitment of macrophages than combined GM-CSF and IL-2 and that macrophage recruitment arises from novel chemotactic feature of GIFT. In contrast to suppression by GM-CSF of natural killer (NK) cell recruitment despite coexpression of IL-2, GIFT leads to significant functional NK cell infiltration as confirmed in NK-defective beige mice. In conclusion, we demonstrated that a fusion between GM-CSF and IL-2 can invoke greater antitumor effect than both cytokines in combination, and novel immunobiological properties can arise from such chimeric constructs.     

锚定表达GM-CSF疫苗的抑瘤效果研究

子宫颈癌是妇科比较常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其病因及发病机制不清.近年来,随着细胞分子生物学研究的深入,发现肿瘤的发生发展不仅取决于细胞的增殖速率,而且与细胞凋亡有一定关系,本实验通过对宫颈癌组织芯片进行凋亡相关基因bag-1检测,探讨宫颈癌的发病机制.Bag-1是一种已经被确认的多功能结合蛋白,具有抗细胞凋亡的能力,该蛋白质为一种由219个氨基酸残基组成的酸性蛋白质.     

Assessing serum cytokine profiles in breast cancer patients receiving a HER2/neu vaccine using Luminex technology

We used the Luminex assay to compare serum cytokine profiles of breast cancer patients (BCa) to healthy controls, node-positive (NP) patients to node-negative (NN), and pre- and post-vaccination serum of BCa vaccinated with a HER2/neu E75 peptide vaccine. Sera from 36 pre- and post-vaccination BCa, (12 NP and 24 NN) and 13 healthy, female donors, were evaluated using Luminex technology. Levels of 22 cytokines consisting of interleukin (IL)-1alpha, -1beta, -2, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -10, -12, -13, -15, -17, IFN-gamma, G-CSF, GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, IP-10, MIP-1alpha, RANTES, eotaxin and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were assessed. Six of 22 cytokines showed significant differences between BCa and healthy controls. MCP-1, eotaxin, RANTES and GM-CSF levels were significantly elevated in BCa (P<0.009) and IL-1alpha and IL-4 levels were significantly decreased in BCa (P<0.015). Cytokine levels were generally elevated in NN patients compared to NP patients with the exception of eotaxin and IL-13, which were increased in NP patients. Three cytokines, IL-6, MIP-1alpha and G-CSF reached statistical significance (P<0.05). In 34 vaccinated BCa, MCP-1, eotaxin and IL-13 were significantly elevated post-vaccination with MCP-1 demonstrating the most significant response (median, 145.8-217.0 pg/ml, P=0.003). Using a multiplex assay we found significant differences in cytokine levels in sera of BCa compared to healthy controls, in NN compared to NP patients, and in vaccinated patients. Our results support an extended analysis of serum cytokine profiles for the potential development of predictive panels in diagnosis, staging and monitoring cancer vaccine trials.     

IL-27基因对Eca109细胞在裸鼠体内的成瘤抑制作用及其机制

背景与目的:细胞因子为主的肿瘤生物治疗已成为肿瘤研究领域热点之一。本研究观察白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-27基因转染人食管癌Eca109细胞株后在裸鼠体内的成瘤抑制作用及其机制。方法:以逆转录病毒为载体,采用基因转染的方法用G418梯度筛选法建立转染IL-27基因的Eca109细胞,RT-PCR检测其基因导入情况,ELISA法检测IL-27的分泌和其诱导外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cells,PBMC)产生γ-干扰素(interferon,IFN)的能力,MTT法观察Eca109/IL-27细胞生长情况。将Eca109/IL-27、Eca109/LXSN和Eca109细胞接种于裸鼠皮下,观察其成瘤性、移植瘤的生长情况并计算抑瘤率。流式细胞技术检测移植瘤组织肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(tumor infiltrating lymphocyte,TIL)中CD16、FasL的表达和肿瘤细胞上Fas的表达。结果:RT-PCR示Eca109/IL-27细胞中有IL-27p28和IL-27EBI3亚基基因表达,Eca109/LXSN和Eca109细胞中未见表达(P<0.01),从而成功建立稳定转染的Eca109/IL-27细胞株,ELISA检测Eca109/IL-27中IL-27的分泌量高于Eca109/LXSN和Eca109细胞(P<0.01)。IL-27基因转染不影响人食管癌细胞株的体外生长(P>0.05),Eca109/IL-27诱导PBMC产生IFN-γ含量高于Eca109/LXSN和Eca109[(56.28±1.61)pg/mL vs.(12.70±0.82)pg/mL]和(11.06±0.64)pg/mL,P<0.01),Eca109/IL-27移植瘤体积较Eca109和Eca109/LXSN减小,瘤重减轻,有抑瘤作用(P<0.05);Eca109/IL-27细胞接种的肿瘤组织TIL中CD16阳性率升高,FasL的表达增高(P<0.05),肿瘤细胞表面Fas表达增加(P<0.05)。结论:IL-27基因修饰Eca109细胞在裸鼠体内产生了抑制肿瘤生长的作用,其机制可能是通过活化自然杀伤细胞,以Fas/FasL的途径产生的。     

腺病毒介导的人GM——CSF基因转染瘤苗体内致瘤性降低的实验研究

目的:建立以腺病毒为载体的GM—CSF基因转染瘤苗,并对其体内抗肿瘤作用加以研究。方法:应用携带有人GM—CSF基因的重组腺病毒(R—Ad_5)载体转染BALB/C小鼠肝癌细胞株(H_(22)),体外应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA法)检测GM—CSF表达水平,以GM—CSF基因转染的H_(22)细胞进行致瘤性研究。结果:(1)重组腺病毒载体能成功地介导GM—CSF基因转染H_(22)细胞并能持续有效表达26～31天,瘤苗的辐照处理并不明显影响GM—CSF表达水平。(2)GM—CSF基因转染瘤苗体内致瘤性显著降低。结论:该结果揭示了应用GM—CSF基因转染瘤苗进行肿瘤基因治疗的可行性,为进一步研究肿瘤的GM—CSF基因治疗打下了基础。     

Neutrophilic inflammation in induced sputum of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease of unknown etiology. Biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage studies have shown, that accumulation of inflammatory cells, particularily neutrophils, in the alveolar space is a relevant feature of the pathogenesis of IPF. This paper adresses the issue of whether the safe and non-invasive method of sputum induction is a suitable tool to study respiratory tract inflammation in IPF. METHODS: In a cross-sectional analysis, 15 IPF patients and 14 healthy, non-smoking subjects underwent sputum induction. Total sputum cell counts, differentials, and the amount of interleukin (IL)-8, granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM) in sputum supernatant were analyzed. RESULTS: IPF patients had increased sputum neutrophils (60 +/- 6 vs 22 +/- 3%, p = 0.0003), and supernatant concentrations of IL-8 (19 +/- 3 vs. 7 +/- 1 ng/ml, p = 0.0002), GM-CSF (205 +/- 43 vs. 122 +/- 36 pg/ml, p = 0.08) and sICAM (12 +/- 3 vs. 5 +/- 3 ng/ml, p = 0.01), when compared with healthy controls. Sputum IL-8 was correlated with sputum neutrophils (rho = 0.61, p = 0.0006) in all patients. The extent of sputum neutrophilia was also correlated with lung function impairment (vital capacity, % of predicted) in IPF patients (rho = -0.68, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: These data confirm the established role of neutrophilic inflammation in the pathogenesis of IPF, and show the potential of induced sputum to directly study inflammatory processes and surrogate markers in interstitial lung diseases like IPF.     

Predictors of ovarian reserve in young women with breast cancer

Ovarian reserve can be diminished following treatment for breast cancer. This study evaluated biochemical and biophysical parameters of ovarian reserve in these patients. Biochemical and biophysical tests of ovarian reserve were performed simultaneously in young (age 22-42 years), regularly menstruating women with breast cancer (n=22) and age-matched controls (n=24). All tests were performed before (baseline) and after transient ovarian stimulation in the early follicular phase. Patients were recruited both before and after completion of chemotherapy, with some patients being followed up prospectively. Serum samples were analysed for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), oestradiol (E(2)), inhibins A and B, and antimullerian hormone (AMH). Biophysical (ultrasound) tests included ovarian volume, antral follicle count (AFC), ovarian stromal blood flow and uterine dimensions. Significant differences were revealed (when compared with the controls) for basal FSH (11.32+/-1.48 vs 6.62+/-0.42 mIU ml(-1), P<0.001), basal AMH (0.95+/-0.34 vs 7.89+/-1.62 ng ml(-1), P<0.001) and basal inhibin B (19.24+/-4.56 vs 83.61+/-13.45 pg ml(-1), P<0.001). Following transient ovarian stimulation, there were significant differences in the increment change (Delta) for inhibin B (3.02+/-2.3 vs 96.82+/-16.38 pg ml(-1), P<0.001) and E(2) (107.8+/-23.95 vs 283.2+/-40.34 pg ml(-1), P<0.01). AFC was the only biophysical parameter that was significantly different between patients and the controls (7.80+/-0.85 vs 16.77+/-1.11, P<0.001). Basal and stimulated biochemical (serum AMH, FSH, inhibin B and E(2)) and biophysical (AFC) tests may be potential markers of ovarian reserve in young women with breast cancer.     

幽门螺杆菌相关性胃疾病血清IL-8和NO含量的检测及意义

目的　检测幽门螺杆菌 (HP)相关性胃疾病患者血清白细胞介素 8(IL 8)和NO浓度 ,探讨其与HP感染的关系 ,以及HP感染引起胃上皮细胞增殖与凋亡失衡 ,导致胃癌形成的可能分子机制。方法　以ELISA法检测血清IL 8浓度 ,镀铜镉粒还原法检测血清NO浓度。结果　IL 8浓度在正常组织 (2 2 .5 0± 1.87pg ml)、浅表性胃炎 (34.99± 7.89pg ml)、萎缩性胃炎 (6 5 .2 7± 10 .6 0pg ml)及胃癌 (94 .84± 11.0 9pg ml)组间差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;萎缩性胃炎组NO浓度 (39.93± 5 .4 3μmol L)明显高于胃癌组 (37.0 2± 4 .13μmol L ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,其余各组间差异无显著性。HP(+)组IL 8和NO浓度显著高于HP(- )组 (77.30± 2 0 .92pg ml,39.16± 14 .4 0pg ml,P <0 .0 1;39.77± 5 .5 7μmol L ,35 .35±5 .2 4 μmol L ,P <0 .0 1) ;CagA(+)HP组IL 8和NO浓度显著高于HP(- )组 (83.4 5± 16 .92pg ml,6 6 .2 4± 2 3.2 1pg ml,P <0 .0 1;4 0 .97± 4 .5 9μmol L ,37.6 2± 6 .5 8μmol L ,P <0 .0 5 )。浅表性胃炎及萎缩性胃炎组的IL 8与NO呈正相关 (r分别为 0 .881和 0 .995 ) ,正常组和胃癌组无相关性。结论　血清IL 8和NO浓度与CagA(+)HP菌株感染密切相关 ;血清IL 8和NO浓度测定与HP菌株CagA分型联合检测将有助