可溶性肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体在强直性脊柱炎患者血清中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨肿瘤坏死因子相关的凋亡诱导配体(sTRAIL)在强直性脊柱炎(AS)患者和健康个体血清中的表达及其临床意义。方法应用ELISA法检测60例AS患者和30例健康对照血清sTRAIL的浓度;应用ESR自动化分析仪和特定蛋白分析仪分别测定红细胞沉降率(ESR)和血浆C反应蛋白(CRP);分析HLA-B27阳性和阴性的AS患者血清sTRAIL水平与ESR、CRP的相关性。结果AS患者血清sTRAIL浓度明显高于对照组(P<0.01),且HLA-B27阳性和阴性AS患者均明显高于对照组(P<0.01),但两者比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在HLA-B27阳性AS患者中,血清sTRAIL水平与CRP呈明显的相关性而与ESR的相关性并不明显;而HLA-B27阴性AS患者血清sTRAIL与ESR及CRP均无显著相关性。结论血清sTRAIL水平在AS中明显上调,与HLA-B27阳性与否无显著相关性。AS患者血清sTRAIL与ESR无相关性,而与CRP是否具有显著相关性受到HLA-B27阳性与否的影响。总之,血清sTRAIL水平的改变可能与AS的发生和发展密切相关。     

强直性脊柱炎患者HLA-B27抗原、ESR、CRP等检测指标水平分析及临床意义

目的探讨HLA-B27抗原、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)等检测指标在强直性脊柱炎(AS)诊断中的临床价值。方法 33例临床确诊为AS患者和30例健康体检者,进行HLA-B27抗原、ESR、CRP等项实验室指标的检测。结果 AS患者HLA-B27抗原、ESR、CRP阳性率分别为87.9%、63.6%和45.5%,与健康对照组比较均显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且HLA-B27抗原阳性率显著高于其他两项指标,3项指标联合检测可将AS的阳性率提高到93.9%,但特异度会相应降低;其他指标两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 HLA-B27抗原与AS具有密切相关性,联合检测HLA-B27抗原、ESR、CRP对AS的诊断更有价值。     

探讨HLA-B27阳性率、TNF-α、CRP水平检测对强直性脊柱炎的诊断价值

目的研究人类白细胞抗原(HLA-B27)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平检测对强直性脊柱炎(AS)的鉴别诊断价值。方法选择2015年9月至2017年3月在该院进行治疗的110例疑似AS患者,经检测确诊为AS患者80例作为AS组,类风湿关节炎患者30例作为对照组。采用流式细胞术检测两组患者HLA-B27阳性率,采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法检测两组患者血清TNF-α、CRP水平,并分析HLA-B27阳性率、TNF-α、CRP水平对AS诊断的灵敏度、特异度与准确性。结果 AS组中HLA-B27阳性率为95%,对照组检测结果则均为阴性,两组HLA-B27阳性率差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者血清TNF-α、CRP水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);检测TNF-α、CRP水平的灵敏度、特异度以及准确性均明显低于HLA-B27水平,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 TNF-α与CRP可参与AS的发生和发展,但仍无法使用患者血清TNF-α、CRP水平升高来诊断患者是否患有AS。通过对HLA-B27阳性率进行检测,可对AS的早期诊断与早期治疗提供有效依据,具有重要的临床价值。     

强直性脊柱炎患者HLA-B27、CRP和ESR的水平及相关性分析

目的探讨强直性脊柱炎（AS）患者HLA-B27、CRP和ESR的水平及相关性。方法检测对54例AS患者和48例健康对照者人类白细胞抗原B27（Human leucocyte antigen B27, HLA-B27）血沉（ESR）、C反应蛋白（CRP）的水平,比较HLA-B27、CRP和ESR在AS的阳性率,探讨三者对AS诊断的相关性。结果HLA-B27、CRP和ESR在As患者阳性率分别为90．7％、85．1％、72．2％;AS患者和健康对照组HLA-B27、CRP和ESR的水平存在显著性差异,AS患者HLA-B27与CRP和ESR以及CRP和ESR水平呈正相关（r=0．666;r=0．628;r=0．528,P均〈0．05）。结论HLA-B27是对AS诊断有较高灵敏度实验室诊断指标;CRP和ESR尽管不是AS的特异性诊断指标,但对AS的辅助诊断也具有重要价值,三者同时检测提高AS阳性率,有利于AS辅助诊断。     

强直性脊柱炎患者血清IL-12水平及临床意义研究

目的探讨血清IL-12p70含量在强直性脊柱炎（AS）和健康个体间的差异及其临床意义。方法应用EHSA方法检测60例AS患者和30例健康对照血清IL-12p70水平；应用ESR自动化分析仪和特定蛋白分析仪分别测定红细胞沉降率（ESR）和血浆C反应蛋白（CRP）；分析HLA-B27阳性和阴性的AS患者血清IL-12p70水平及与ESR、CRP的相关性。结果AS患者血清IL-12p70水平明显高于对照组（P〈0．01），且HLA-B27阳性和阴性AS患者均高于对照组（P〈0．01），两者比较，差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。在HLA-B27阳性AS患者中，血清IL-12p70水平与ESR及CRP均呈明显的相关性，但在HLA-B27阴性AS患者中则无显著相关性。结论AS患者血清IL-12p70水平明显上调，且这种上调与HLA-B27阳性与否无明显相关性。但AS患者血清IL-12p70水平与ESR及CRP是否呈显著相关竹却明显受到HLA-B27阳性与否的影响，进一步提示血清IL-12p70水平的改变可能与AS的发生和发展密切相关。     

强直性脊柱炎患者HLA-B27抗原表达与骨损害关系的临床研究

目的探讨HLA-B27表达与强直性脊柱炎患者骨代谢功能损伤的关系.方法检测HLA-B27不同型别的强直性脊柱炎患者和对照群体骨代谢功能指标.结果研究显示各组间各项指标存在着不同程度的统计学差异,具体表现为:CK检测水平B27 AS＞B27-AS和B27-对照(P＜0.05),而B27 AS和B27-对照之间无显著差异(P＞0.05);AKP检测水平B27 AS＞B27-AS＞B27 对照和B27-对照(P＜0.05),而B27 对照和B27对照之间无显著差异(P＞0.05);CT检测水平B27 AS＞B27-AS＞B27 对照＞B27-对照(P＜0.05):BGP检测水平B27 AS＞B27-AS＞B27 对照＞B27-对照(P＜0.01).结论强直性脊柱炎患者HLA-B27的表达与骨质损害具有一定的关联性,为临床深入研究提供了有益的线索.     

联合用药治疗强直性脊柱炎对相关实验室指标的影响

目的观察联合应用甲氨蝶呤(MTX)和柳氮磺吡啶(SASP)治疗强直性脊柱炎(AS)对相关实验室指标的影响。方法对108例符合AS标准的患者行联合用药治疗,疗程为3个月,观察治疗前及治疗后患者人类白细胞抗原B27(HLA-B27)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、抗核抗体(ANA)、抗链球菌溶血素O(ASO)和类风湿因子等6项实验室指标的变化,并对各项指标进行对比分析。结果 AS患者治疗前后HLA-B27、ESR、CRP、ANA和ASO的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论联合用药治疗AS可以有效降低HLA-B27、CRP等实验室指标,从而证实MTX和SASP联合治疗AS有确切疗效。     

强直性脊柱炎实验室指标结果分析

目的探讨血沉（ESR）、HLA-B27抗原、C-反应蛋白（CRP）等9项实验室指标对强直性脊柱炎（AS）的诊断价值。方法检测103例确诊AS患者和23例健康对照ESR、HLA-B27抗原、CRP等9项实验室指标并进行对比分析。结果AS患者ESR、HLA-B27抗原、CRP的阳性率分别为68.9%、89.3%和66.0%,与健康对照组比较有统计学意义,3项指标综合可将AS的诊断率提高到93.6%;其他指标两组比较差异无统计学意义。结论联合检测ESR、HLA-B27抗原和CRP对AS的诊断和疗效观察价值较大。     

肿瘤坏死因子-α拮抗剂治疗对强直性脊柱炎患者骨代谢指标的影响

目的：观察强直性脊柱炎（AS）患者骨代谢指标变化及接受TNF-α拮抗剂治疗对AS患者骨代谢指标的影响。方法测定25名AS高活动（ASDAS＞2.1）强直性脊柱炎患者炎症指标、血清骨钙素N端中分子（N-MID）、β胶原降解产物（？-Crosslaps）及总I型胶原氨基端前肽（P1NP）水平,计算ASDAS,后经TNF-α拮抗剂治疗12周后复查上述骨代谢指标。并进行分析。结果 AS治疗前组与对照组在年龄、性别方面差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。AS治疗前组血清？-Crosslaps、N-MID和P1NP水平明显高于健康对照组。经12周TNF-α治疗前后组间比较,AS治疗后组ASDAS评分、ESR和CRP指标均较AS治疗前组降低,TNF-α拮抗剂治疗后AS组在疾病活动度方面有明显改善;AS组治疗后？-Crosslaps显著降低（P＞0.05）, N-MID和P1NP变化无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 TNF-α拮抗剂治疗不仅可改善AS疾病活动度,同时对AS患者骨吸收骨破坏进行有效的阻止。     

组织相容性抗原HLA-B27检测对强直性脊柱炎患者疾病活动期的评估价值

目的:随着分子免疫遗传学的研究,强直性脊柱炎(ankylosingspondyli-tis,AS)的发生与明确诊断,已越来越受到国内外学者的重视,而组织相容性抗原HLA-B27检测在AS诊断中的实际应用价值及C反应蛋白(C-reactiveprotein,CRP)、红细胞沉降率(erythrocytesedimentationrate,ESR)、a1-酸性糖蛋白(a1-acidglycoprotein,AAG)等活动指标与AS疾病发展变化的关系,相关报道并不多见。本研究旨在探讨强直性脊柱炎患者与HLA-B27和CRP,ESR,AAG等检测结果的相关性变化意义及临床应用价值。方法:用微量细胞法检测AS患者的HLA-B27,全自动生化分析仪(散射比浊法)检测CRP)魏氏法检测ESR,用特种蛋白分析仪检测AAG。结果:56例强直性脊柱炎患者中HLA-B27检测阳性48例,阳性率为85.7%。HLA-B27阳性的AS患者其CRP,AAG及ESR检测结果,与HLA-B27阴性的AS患者的检测结果相比,均有不同程度的升高(t≥3.056,P<0.01)。与正常对照组相比差异有显著性意义(t≥4.582,P<0.001)。结论:在AS疾病活动期CRP、AAG和ESR均存在不同程度的升高。HLA-B27阳性是支持AS早期诊断的一个辅助指标,但HLA-B27阴性并不一定不发生AS。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.