肝动脉栓塞化疗联合肝叶切除术治疗原发性肝癌患者临床疗效观察

目的 观察肝动脉栓塞化疗（TACE）联合肿瘤切除手术治疗原发性肝癌（PLC）患者的临床疗效。方法 2015年10月~2016年10月我院诊治的PLC患者95例,其中47例接受TACE治疗,48例在TACE治疗后1月行手术切除肿瘤治疗,观察并对比两组患者病灶根除和生存率情况。结果 联合组术后病灶清除率、术后1 a生存率、2 a生存率分别为100.0%、83.3%和68.8%,均显著高于TACE组的53.2%、61.7%和46.8%（P<0.05）,术后复发率为16.7%,明显低于对照组的51.1%（P<0.05）;治疗后联合组肝功能指标改善情况显著优于TACE组（P<0.05）;TACE组患者术后出现肺栓塞5例,肿瘤破裂出血2例,肺部感染3例,而联合组出现肺栓塞2例,肝断面胆瘘1例,肿瘤破裂出血1例,肺部感染1例（P<0.05）。结论 在TACE术后再行手术切除肿瘤治疗PLC患者具有一定的临床应用价值。     

肝部分切除术患者术后并发感染的相关影响因素分析

目的 分析肝部分切除术患者术后并发感染的危险因素。方法 2012年6月-2016年6月我院行肝部分切除术治疗的肝癌患者212例,术后发生感染31例。应用多变量Logistic回归分析并发感染的危险因素。结果 31例术后发生感染患者基线年龄>60岁和血清白蛋白<35 g/L者比例显著高于181例术后未感染患者（P<0.05）;感染组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间和排便时间均与未感染组患者存在显著性差异（P<0.05）;Logistic多因素回归分析结果显示,患者年龄≥60岁、白蛋白水平<35 g/L、手术时间长、术中出血量大、术后排气排便时间延迟为术后发生感染的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 对于行肝部分切除术的肝癌患者,在临床治疗过程中应充分做好术前准备,提高血清白蛋白水平,缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量,促进术后早期排气排便,以防术后感染的发生。     

经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融治疗原发性肝癌患者临床疗效评价*

目的 评价经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）与射频消融（RFA）联合治疗原发性肝癌患者的临床疗效。方法 采用随机数字表法将60例原发性肝癌患者分为联合组30例和TACE组30例,分别给予TACE联合RFA或TACE治疗,对比分析两组患者的近期和远期临床疗效。结果 联合组完全缓解和部分缓解率分别为26.7%和50.0%,显著高于TACE组的6.7%和23.3%,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;联合组患者生存时间为（2.86±0.48）年,显著长于TACE组的（0.93±0.27） 年,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;联合组患者治疗后1年、2年、3年血清AFP水平分别为（475.4±200.7） μg/L、（416.4±229.0） μg/L、（320.4±243.5） μg/L,显著低于TACE组的（639.1±190.9） μg/L、（623.4±234.6） μg/L、（674.4±300.2） μg/L,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;联合组患者1 a、2 a、3 a生存率分别为86.7%、66.7%、56.7%,显著高于TACE组的46.7%、26.7%、10.0%,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 TACE与RFA联合治疗原发性肝癌患者,临床疗效显著。     

动脉灌注化疗栓塞联合放射粒子植入治疗原发性肝癌患者疗效及其对肝组织TRF1和TRF2表达的影响*

目的 探讨动脉灌注化疗栓塞术（TACE）联合放射粒子植入治疗原发性肝癌（PLC）患者疗效及其对肝组织端粒重复序列结合因子（TRF）1和TRF2表达的影响。方法 2012年12月~2015年12月我院诊治的108例PLC患者,采用抛硬币法随机分为观察组54例和对照组54例。对照组接受单纯TACE治疗,观察组在TACE治疗的基础上接受¹²⁵I放射粒子植入治疗。肝穿取得肝组织,采用SP法检测肝组织TRF1和TRF2表达情况。结果 在治疗3 m末,观察组客观缓解率为79.6%,显著高于对照组的61.1%（x²=4.441,P<0.05）;观察组血清CEA和AFP水平分别为（273.7±38.1） ng/ml和（820.4±130.3） μg/L,显著低于对照组的【（312.5±33.9） ng/ml和（1080.1±121.3） μg/L,P<0.01】;观察组癌旁肝组织TRF1表达量为（9.7±2.3）,显著高于癌组织的【（4.2±1.8）,P<0.01】,而观察组癌组织TRF2表达量为（9.2±2.2）,显著高于癌旁肝组织的【（3.8±2.6）,P<0.01】;观察组1 a生存率显著高于对照组[96.3%（52/54）对85.2%（46/54）,x²=3.967,P=0.046]。结论 采用TACE联合放射粒子植入术治疗PLC患者安全有效,能够有效降低外周血肿瘤标志物水平,调节肝癌组织TRF1和TRF2表达,抑制肿瘤组织的生长,阻止病情进展,有利于患者康复。     

区段肝蒂肝切除术与B超引导下肝切除术治疗肝胆管结石患者临床价值分析*

目的 研究区段肝蒂肝切除术与B超引导下肝切除术治疗肝胆管结石患者的临床价值。方法 2014年12月~2017年12月我院收治的80例肝胆管结石患者被随机分为观察组和对照组,每组40例,分别接受区段肝蒂肝切除术和B超引导下肝切除术。术后随访7个月。结果 观察组术中出血量为（350.4±105.7）mL,显著少于对照组【（489.6±154.6） mL,P<0.05】,术后肝断面引流量为（280.4±78.2） mL,显著少于对照组【（365.7±116.4） mL,P<0.05】,儿两组手术时间、术中输血量、排气时间和术后住院日比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;术后2周,观察组血清谷草转氨酶为（54.6±15.2） IU/L,显著低于对照组【（80.6±21.1） IU/L,P<0.05】,谷丙转氨酶为（87.2±28.1） IU/L,显著低于对照组【（121.3±30.8） IU/L,P<0.05】,谷氨酰转肽酶为（197.6±65.3） IU/L,显著低于对照组【（269.9±87.6） IU/L,P<0.05】,碱性磷酸酶为（216.9±77.4） IU/L,显著低于对照组【（312.3±95.6） IU/L,P<0.05】;观察组结石残留率为7.5%,显著低于对照组的40.0%（P<0.05）;观察组术后并发症发生率为25.0%,显著低于对照组的55.0%（P<0.05）。结论 与B超引导下肝切除术比,采取区段肝蒂肝切除术治疗肝胆管结石患者具有出血量少、术后并发症少的优势,有利于保护肝功能和术后恢复。     

左肝蒂阻断行左半肝微创手术治疗肝内胆管结石疗效研究

目的 探讨左肝蒂阻断行左半肝微创手术治疗肝内胆管结石患者的疗效。方法 2012年1月~2016年12月收治的肝内胆管结石患者73例,采用左肝蒂阻断行腔镜下左肝外叶切除术治疗40例,采用传统开腹手术行左肝外叶切除治疗33例,比较两组疗效情况。结果 腔镜组和开腹组手术时间分别为（274.0±57.4） min和 （216.0±33.8） min,术后疼痛缓解时间分别为（3.3±1.2） d和（5.2±1.5） d,术后排气时间分别为（22.9±7.5） h和（47.3±11.7） h,术后住院时间分别为（11.8±2.2）d和（16.3±3.1）d,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组患者手术出血量、并发症和住院总费用比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;治疗后,两组肝功能指标变化无显著相差（P>0.05）。结论 左肝蒂阻断行左半肝微创手术治疗肝内胆管结石患者与常规手术治疗比,具有安全可靠、创伤小、疼痛轻、恢复快、住院时间短等优点。     

TACE治疗原发性肝癌患者血清肿瘤标志物水平变化

目的 探讨原发性肝癌（PLC）患者经肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）治疗前后血清肿瘤标志物水平变化。方法 2014年1月~2015年2月我院收治的47例PLC患者和47例同期来我院检查的健康人,采用电化学发光免疫分析法检测血清CA242、CA724和AFP。结果 PLC患者在术前AFP、CA242和CA724水平均显著高于健康人（t=49.293,t=17.392,t=9.394,P<0.01）;在TACE治疗后半年和1年,PLC患者血清AFP和CA724水平均较治疗前显著下降（P<0.01）,但CA242水平则无明显变化（P>0.05）。结论 PLC患者在接受TACE治疗后血清CA724和AFP水平均显著降低,在临床上评价肝癌患者术后治疗效果中具有一定的参考价值。     

使用大功率高频电刀行肝叶切除术治疗原发性肝癌患者效果研究

目的 比较使用大功率高频电刀与物理钳夹联合超声刀行肝叶切除治疗原发性肝癌（PLC）患者的手术效果。方法 2013年8月~2016年8月在我院接受肝叶切除治疗的139例PLC患者,观察组（n=72）和对照组（n=67）,在72例观察组患者使用大功率高频电刀,在67例对照组使用物理钳夹联合超声刀行肝叶切除,比较两组手术效果。结果 观察组肝门阻断时间、出血量、手术时间分别为（11.5±4.8）min、（317.9±68.2）ml、（161.3±41.5）min,显著低于对照组【分别为（19.6±5.7）min、（435.9±51.6）ml、（186.7±40.4）min,P<0.05】;术后1 w,观察组血清ALT和AST水平分别为（237.8±85.6）U/L和（133.4±47.4）U/L,显著低于对照组【分别为（311±102.5）U/L和（186.8±55.9）U/L,P<0.05】;术后观察组患者胆漏发生率为2.8%,显著低于对照组的10.4%（P<0.05）。结论 使用大功率高频电刀用于PLC患者肝叶切除术具有手术时间短、出血量少的特点,并发症发生率更低,安全性明显提高。     

肝动脉栓塞化疗联合CT引导精准微波消融治疗原发性肝癌患者疗效及对外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的 探讨肝动脉栓塞化疗（TACE）联合CT引导精准微波消融治疗原发性肝癌患者的疗效及对外周血淋巴细胞亚群的的影响。方法 2010年1月~2014年12月新疆维吾尔自治区阿克苏地区第一人民医院肿瘤内科收治的原发性肝癌患者60例,对30例患者行TACE治疗,另30例在行TACE治疗后7天接受CT引导下精准微波消融术。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清α-L-岩藻糖苷酶水平,使用流式细胞仪检测外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平。结果 在治疗3个月后,TACE治疗患者临床有效率为50%（15/30）,显著低于联合治疗组患者的83.3%（25/30,P<0.05）;联合治疗患者2 a生存率为70.0%,显著高于TACE治疗组的43.3% （P<0.05）;联合治疗患者2 a复发率为10%,显著低于TACE的36.7%（P<0.05）;治疗后,联合组外周血CD4⁺、CD8⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值、血清α-L-岩藻糖苷酶水平分别为（39.05±4.07）%、（21.35±3.24）%、（1.67±0.21）、（17.91±2.98） u/L,较TACE组的（28.63±3.61）%、（35.12±4.62）%、（0.96±0.11）、（26.03±4.75） u/L改善更明显（P<0.05）;治疗期间,两组患者均在TACE术后出现一些轻症反应,如腰酸、腹胀、恶心等,予以对症治疗及护理后均消失。结论 TACE联合CT引导下经皮精准微波消融治疗原发性肝癌患者临床效果确切。与单用TACE治疗比,可提高长期生存率,降低复发率,纠正机体免疫功能紊乱。     

射频消融联合TACE治疗原发性肝癌患者疗效及对外周血T细胞亚群的影响

目的 探讨射频消融联合TACE治疗原发性肝癌患者的疗效及其对外周血T细胞亚群的影响。方法 2014年1月~2016年2月间于我院接受TACE治疗的原发性肝癌患者97例,按照TACE术后是否接受射频消融治疗,将患者分为联合组52例和TACE组45例。采用ELISA法检测血清细胞因子。对两组患者的治疗效果、治疗前后T细胞亚群变化情况以及治疗后生存质量进行比较。结果 联合组总有效率为67.31%,显著高于TACE组的40.00% （P<0.05）;联合组疾病控制率为90.38%,显著高于TACE组的73.33%（P<0.05）;联合组治疗后3个月外周血CD3⁺T细胞、CD4⁺T细胞、CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值分别为（68.40±10.20）%、（45.76±6.83）%和（1.96±0.31）,均明显高于TACE组【（56.14±6.75）%、（33.27±5.16）%和（1.21±0.22）,P<0.05】,联合组CD8⁺T细胞百分比为（22.08±2.55）%,显著低于TACE组【（28.42±3.97）%,P<0.05】;联合组患者治疗后3个月外周血IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α水平分别为（129.45±67.14） pg/mL、（0.49±0.13） ng/mL和（134.78±88.20） pg/mL,均明显低于TACE组【（165.30±65.91）pg/mL、（0.72±0.20） ng/mL和（200.43±84.02）pg/mL,P<0.05】;联合组患者生活质量改善率为55.77%,显著高于TACE组的40.00%（P<0.05）,联合组患者并发症发生率为73.08%,与TACE组的71.11%相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论 射频消融联合TACE治疗原发性肝癌患者近期疗效较好,可改善患者免疫功能,提高生存质量。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.