拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯与恩替卡韦单药治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎疗效观察

目的观察拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯与恩替卡韦单药治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎96周的疗效,以探讨理想的初始抗病毒治疗方案。方法选择HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者86例,随机分为单药治疗组44例和联合治疗组42例,分别给予恩替卡韦或拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯治疗,观察96 w的疗效。结果在96 w治疗结束时,恩替卡韦治疗患者ALT复常率、血清HBV DNA阴转率和HBeAg阴转率分别为95.5%、84.1%和38.6%,而联合治疗患者则分别为88.1%、42.9%（P〈0.05）和31.0%;两组均无患者血清HBsAg转阴。两组均未发生严重的不良反应。结论应用恩替卡韦单药治疗对于HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎初始抗病毒治疗在96 w时的病毒学应答率显著优于拉米夫定和阿德福韦酯联合治疗。     

恩替卡韦联合α1胸腺肽治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎疗效及安全性分析

目的观察恩替卡韦联合α1胸腺肽治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎的疗效及安全性。方法将186例HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,94例在内科综合护肝治疗的基础上给予恩替卡韦0.5mg,每日1次,口服,联合α1胸腺肽1.6μg皮下注射,每周2次,连用6个月;另92例给予恩替卡韦0.5mg,每日1次口服。两组均治疗52周。结果治疗结束时,联合治疗组HBV DNA阴转76例（80.8%）,HBeAg阴转43例（45.7%）,HBeAg/抗-HBe血清转换30例（31.9%）,明显高于单药对照组（分别为67.4%,30.4%和19.6%）。结论恩替卡韦联合α1胸腺肽治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎能提高HBeAg/抗-HBe血清转换率,且安全性好。     

聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a联合恩替卡韦治疗拉米夫定耐药的慢性乙型肝炎患者疗效分析*

目的 探讨聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a联合恩替卡韦治疗拉米夫定耐药的HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者的疗效。方法 随机将85例拉米夫定耐药患者分为两组,给予45例CHB患者恩替卡韦治疗,40例患者接受恩替卡韦和聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a治疗。结果 在治疗24 w末,两组血清ALT和AST水平均较治疗前下降,在治疗48 w末,联合组血清ALT和AST水平较恩替卡韦治疗组显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;联合组血清HBeAg阴转和血清转换率均显著高于恩替卡韦治疗组（P<0.05）。结论 应用聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a联合恩替卡韦治疗拉米夫定耐药的HBeAg慢性乙型肝炎患者可提高HBeAg转阴率和血清转换率,治疗安全。     

恩替卡韦联合苦参素治疗慢性乙型肝炎48周疗效观察

目的：观察恩替卡韦联合苦参素治疗慢性乙型肝炎患者48周的临床疗效。方法选择慢性乙型肝炎患者100例,随机分为两组。治疗组52例应用恩替卡韦片联合苦参素片治疗;对照组48例仅服用恩替卡韦片,观察48周。结果在治疗48周时,联合组患者血清 ALT 复常率、HBeAg 转阴率和 HBV DNA 转阴率分别为80.77%、82.69%和82.67%,均优于对照组的72.92%、58.33%和62.50%,差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论恩替卡韦联合苦参素治疗慢性乙型肝炎具有协同作用,且无不良反应。     

干扰素α-2b联合恩替卡韦治疗慢性乙型肝炎的疗效观察

目的观察干扰素α-2b联合恩替卡韦治疗慢性乙型肝炎患者的疗效。方法 30例慢性乙型肝炎患者应用干扰素α-2b联合恩替卡韦治疗24周。结果治疗24周时,ALT复常28例（93.3%）,HBV DNA阴转28例（93.3%）,HBeAg阴转13例（50.0%）,HBeAg/抗-HBe血清转换12例（46.6%）。结论干扰素α-2b联合恩替卡韦治疗慢性乙型肝炎患者疗效显著。     

六味五灵片联合恩替卡韦治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者的疗效观察

目的探讨恩替卡韦（ETV）联合六味五灵片治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者的疗效。方法 102例HBeAg阳性CHB患者随机分为两组,联合治疗组50例每日服用ETV0.5mg,六味五灵片1.5g,每日3次;对照组52例每日服用ETV0.5mg。分别观察服药第12、24、52周时肝肾功能、血清HBeAg及HBV DNA水平。结果治疗52周结束时联合治疗组和对照组ALT复常率分别为88%和69.23%（P〈0.01）;HBeAg/HBeAb血清学转换率分别为34%和25%（P〈0.05）。结论联合治疗组在ALT复常及HBeAg/HBeAb血清学转换方面均优于对照组,六味五灵片联合恩替卡韦可以起到很好的协同抗病毒的作用。     

阿德福韦酯与恩替卡韦治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者临床疗效观察

目的：观察阿德福韦酯和恩替卡韦治疗初治的 HBeAg 阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者96 w 的临床疗效及不良反应。方法在初治的 HBeAg 阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者中,接受阿德福韦酯治疗的患者38例,接受恩替卡韦治疗的患者30例,比较两组患者治疗前基线 ALT、HBV DNA、HBsAg、HBeAg、肌酐及治疗96 w 时的疗效。结果阿德福韦酯治疗患者基线 ALT 水平为（186.6±124.5） U/L,HBV DNA 水平为（7.3±1.1） log10拷贝/毫升,恩替卡韦治疗患者基线 ALT 水平为（190.8±116.8） U/L,HBV DNA水平为（7.5±1.5） log10拷贝/毫升 ml,两组具有可比性（P＜0.05）;在治疗96 w 时,恩替卡韦治疗患者 HBV DNA 阴转率为98.2%,显著高于阿德福韦酯治疗患者的60.2%（P＜0.05）;恩替卡韦组 ALT 复常率为97.1%,与阿德福韦酯组的92.7%相比,无显著性相差（P＞0.05）;恩替卡韦组 HBeAg 阴转率28.8%,与阿德福韦酯组的26.2%相比,无显著性相差（P＞0.05）。结论恩替卡韦在降低患者血清 HBV DNA 载量方面优于阿德福韦酯,但在血清 HBeAg 转阴率、ALT 复常率方面两者相似。     

国产恩替卡韦治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化患者52周疗效分析

目的 探讨恩替卡韦联合胸腺素治疗代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者的临床疗效。方法 选取本院收治的代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者84例,随机分为恩替卡韦治疗37例和恩替卡韦联合胸腺素治疗47例。比较两组患者治疗前后ALT、INR、TBIL、ALB、肝弹性值、HBV DNA水平变化。结果 恩替卡韦组治疗前和52周末血清ALT分别为（86.5±66.7）IU/L和（27.1±12.2）IU/L（P<0.05）;联合用药组治疗前和52周ALT分别为（87.3±66.9）IU/L和（33.1±11.8）IU/L（P<0.05）;恩替卡韦组治疗前和52周ALB分别为（42.5±5.6）g/L和（45.6±4.2）g/L（P<0.05）;两组治疗后肝弹性值均显著下降,但两组无显著性相差（P>0.05）;在治疗52周末,在37例恩替卡韦治疗患者中,17例（45.9%）出现HBV DNA低于检测下限,而47例联合用药组患者中有32例（68.1%）出现HBV DNA低于检测下限,两组有统计学差异（P<0.05）。结论 恩替卡韦联合胸腺素治疗能有效地抑制HBV DNA复制,改善肝纤维化程度。结论 恩替卡韦联合胸腺素治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化有效。     

替比夫定与恩替卡韦治疗Peg-IFNα-2a不应答的血清HBeAg阳性的慢性乙型肝炎患者效果分析

目的 探讨替比夫定与恩替卡韦序治疗HBeAg阳性的对聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a（Peg-IFNα-2a）治疗不应答的慢性乙型肝炎患者的效果以及安全性。 方法 2013年10月~2015年10月在我院就诊的血清HBeAg阳性的对Peg-IFNα-2a治疗不应答的慢性乙型肝炎患者107例,其中53例接受替比夫定治疗,另外54例接受恩替卡韦治疗,观察48 w,比较疗效和血清肌酸激酶（CK）升高情况。 结果 在治疗48 w末,在53例接受替比夫定治疗患者中,血清HBV DNA转阴47例（89.6%）,与54例接受恩替卡韦治疗患者阴转48例（88.2%）比,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;两组均无患者发生血清HBeAg阴转;在治疗48 w末,替比夫定治疗组血清CK升高和ALT复常发生率分别为36.5%和90.1%,与恩替卡韦治疗组的34.1%和89.5%比,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。本组患者血清CK均为低水平升高,无明显临床症状,经过观察随访,大多在2~3个月自动恢复正常。 结论 对于应用Peg-IFNα-2a治疗失败的HBeA阳性的慢性乙型肝炎患者,改用替比夫定或恩替卡韦继续治疗能取得较好的疗效,但其长期应用的效果还需要观察。     

恩替卡韦联合苦参素治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者疗效研究

目的 探讨恩替卡韦联合苦参素治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者的疗效及对淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法 2019年3月～2021年3月我院收治的96例HBeAg阳性CHB患者被随机分为对照组48例和观察组48例,分别给予恩替卡韦或恩替卡韦联合苦参素胶囊治疗,两组治疗观察48 w。采用PCR法检测血清HBV DNA载量,采用ELISA法检测血清HBeAg,使用流式细胞仪检测外周血T淋巴细胞亚群,采用ELISA法检测血清IL-10、IL-17和IL-23水平。结果 在治疗48 w末,观察组血清AST和ALT分别为(31.2±4.7)U/L和(38.7±9.4)UL,显著低于对照组【分别为(46.3±6.8)U/L和(66.1±13.6)U/L,P<0.05】;观察组血清ALT复常率为83.3%,显著高于对照组的64.6%(P<0.05);观察组外周血CD3⁺、CD4⁺细胞百分比和CD4⁺/CD8⁺细胞比值分别为(73.4±8.1)%、(47.2±6.1)%和(1.9±0.6),均显著高于...     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.