血浆置换治疗抗结核药物导致的亚急性肝衰竭患者23例

目的：探讨在常规内科治疗的基础上加用血浆置换治疗抗结核药引起的肝衰竭患者的疗效。方法将45例抗结核药物引起的亚急性肝衰竭患者分为两组,全部患者停用抗结核药。给予22例患者积极护肝,输血浆、白蛋白,防治并发症;23例患者在上述治疗的基础上加用血浆置换治疗,观察两组患者肝功能指标的变化、病死率和平均住院日的差别。结果在22例常规治疗组,平均住院（86.7±10.3）天,死亡4例（18.2%）,在23例血浆置换治疗组,平均住院（65.9±9.7,P〈0.05）天,死亡1例（4.3%,P〈0.05）;在常规治疗组,22例患者在治疗前血清总胆红素、白蛋白、INR 和 ALT 水平分别为（358.1±135.7）μmol/L、（32.9±5.2） g/L、（1.7±0.7）和（1356.1±456.2） U/L,在治疗后,18例生存患者分别为（35.3±15.7）μmol/L、（36.8±3.2） g/L、（1.1±0.2）和（87.8±12.2） U/L。在血浆置换治疗组,23例患者在治疗前分别为（348.1±145.8）μmol/L、（32.3±4.9） g/L、（1.8±0.8）和（1416.3±389.9） U/L,在治疗后,22例生存患者分别为（22.3±9.7）μmol/L、（36.2±3.3） g/L、（1.1±0.5）和（52.8±17.5） U/L。结论在抗结核药引起的肝衰竭患者,在停用抗结核药后给予常规内科治疗,再联合血浆置换治疗可提高疗效。     

人脐带间充质干细胞肝内移植联合苦参素治疗失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者疗效与转归分析

目的 探讨人脐带间充质干细胞（UC-MSCs）联合苦参素治疗失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者的疗效。方法 采用随机数字表法将68例失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者分为对照组34例和观察组34例,分别给予经肝动脉行UC-MSCs移植或在UC-MSCs移植后给予苦参素口服治疗,观察12个月。结果 在治疗期间,观察组3例死亡,对照组4例死亡;在治疗12月末,观察组血清ALT为（39.3±15.6） U/L、TBIL为（26.3±10.2） μmol/L,均显著低于对照组【（71.2±17.2） U/L和（39.2±11.2） μmol/L,P<0.05】;血清层粘连蛋白为（81.2±24.1） ng/ml,透明质酸为（135.7±48.5） ng/ml,Ⅳ型胶原为（106.3±32.1） ng/ml,Ⅲ型前胶原为（98.7±25.6） ng/ml,均显著低于对照组【（113.3±29.6） ng/ml、（174.8±51.2） ng/ml、（158.4±35.6） ng/ml、（124.2±30.3） ng/ml,P<0.05】;外周血CD4+细胞百分比为（34.0±4.6）%,CD4+/CD8+比值为（1.2±0.6）,均显著高于对照组【（29.3±4.1）%和（0.9±0.6）,P<0.05】,CD8+为（26.5±4.9）%,显著低于对照组【（31.2±3.9）%,P<0.05】;肝移植和肝癌发生率分别为2.9%和5.9%,与对照组的5.9%和11.8%比较无显著性差异（P>0.05）。结论 HU-MSCs肝内移植联合苦参素胶囊口服治疗失代偿期肝硬化患者可明显减轻肝纤维化,改善肝功能。     

组合式连续性静脉-静脉血浆滤过-胆红素吸附治疗肝衰竭患者的疗效与护理观察

目的：探讨组合式连续性静脉-静脉血浆滤过-胆红素吸附治疗肝衰竭患者的效果及护理方法。方法通过组合式连续性静脉-静脉血浆滤过-胆红素吸附（n=32）和序贯血浆吸附联合连续性肾脏替代治疗（CRRT,n=44）肝衰竭患者,比较两种治疗方式在治疗效果、治疗时间、治疗费用、护理工作量、并发症发生率方面的差异。结果在治疗7 d时,组合式连续性静脉-静脉血浆滤过-胆红素吸附治疗组总胆红素为（161.1±45.1）μmol/L,胆汁酸为（135.0±60.5）μmol/L,谷草转氨酶为（152.4±96.3） IU/L,谷丙转氨酶为（147.2±72.6） IU/L,INR为（1.6±0.4）,显著优于序贯血浆吸附联合CRRT治疗组患者[总胆红素（218.9±58.5）μmol/L,胆汁酸（198.6±49.6）μmol/L,谷草转氨酶（252.4±169.1） IU/L,谷丙转氨酶（220.1±110.3） IU/L,INR（2.0±0.5）,P＜0.05];在护理工作量方面,组合式连续性静脉-静脉血浆滤过-胆红素吸附治疗准备时间为（1.0±0.1） h,治疗时间（7.2±0.5）h,治疗费用为（1.1±0.1）万元,显著优于序贯血浆吸附联合CRRT治疗组[分别为（1.3±0.1） h、（11.1±0.7） h和（1.3±0.1）万元,P＜0.05];两种治疗方法并发症的发生率相似。结论组合式连续性静脉-静脉血浆滤过-胆红素吸附治疗肝衰竭患者的疗效优于序贯血浆吸附联合CRRT治疗,能有效降低护理工作量和治疗成本。     

CRRT联合PE治疗慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭并发急性肾损伤患者疗效研究*

目的 研究采用持续性肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)联合血浆置换(PE)治疗慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭并发急性肾损伤(AKI)患者的临床疗效。方法 2016年10月~2019年11月于我院重症医学科救治的65例慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭并发AKI患者,其中35例接受CRRT联合PE治疗,30例接受PE治疗。计算估算的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、肌酐清除率(Ccr)和联合钠的终末期肝病模型(MELD-Na)。结果 联合组患者90 d生存率为54.3%,显著高于PE组的23.3%(P<0.05);在治疗后90 d,联合组19例生产者血清总胆红素水平为(28.8±11.1)μmol/L,显著低于PE治疗组7例生存者的【(39.4±13.0)μmol/L,P<0.05】;在治疗后28 d,联合组25例生存者eGFR水平为(79.4±24.7) mL/min/1.73 m²,显著高于PE组16例生存者的【(65.75±16.1)mL/min/1.73 m²,P<0.05】,Ccr水平为(77.3±25.7)mL/min,显著高于PE组的【(63.4±20.1)mL/min,P<0.05】,MELD-Na水平为(22.4±4.5)分,显著低于PE组的【(29.5±4.1)%,P<0.05】,在治疗90 d,两组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 联合采用CRRT和PE治疗慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭并发AKI患者可提示短期生存率,可能与保护肝肾功能有关,值得临床进一步研究。     

血浆置换联合胆红素吸附治疗慢加亚急性肝衰竭患者疗效及血清细胞因子水平变化

目的 分析血浆置换联合胆红素吸附治疗慢加亚急性肝衰竭患者的疗效和对血清细胞因子水平的影响。方法 2012年6月~2016年3月我院诊治的40例慢加亚急性肝衰竭患者被随机分为观察组20例和对照组20例,对照组采用内科综合治疗和血浆置换,观察组患者在对照组治疗的基础上联合胆红素吸附治疗。采用ELISA法检测血清IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α和内毒素水平。结果 治疗后,观察组乏力、纳差、恶心呕吐、厌油腻、腹胀症状减轻率为85.0%,显著高于对照组的55.0%（P<0.05）;观察组血清TBIL为(112.6±30.4) μmol/L,显著低于对照组的（182.6±54.6）μmol/L（P<0.05）;观察组血清LPS、IL-1、IL-6和TNF-α水平分别为（35.02±12.93） pg/ml、（89.93±10.28） pg/ml、（68.29±14.28） pg/ml和（126.21±14.29） pg/ml,均显著低于对照组的（65.82±10.34） pg/ml、（130.24±17.19） pg/ml、（95.29±15.93） pg/ml和（158.39±19.02） pg/ml,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;在治疗3月末,观察组死亡7例（35%）,对照组死亡8例（40%）,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 采用血浆置换联合胆红素吸附治疗肝衰竭患者可有效改善临床症状,改善肝功能指标,降低血清细胞因子水平。     

血浆置换联合血浆灌流治疗肝衰竭患者临床疗效分析*

目的探讨血浆置换（PE）联合血浆灌流（PP）治疗肝衰竭患者的临床疗效。方法选择2012年6月~2015年7月我科治疗的肝衰竭患者46例为观察组,行PE联合PP治疗;以2007年1月~2008年5月治疗的肝衰竭患者46例为对照组,行单纯PE治疗。采用日本OLYMPUS AU5400全自动生化分析仪检测肝功能指标;采用酶联免疫吸附法检测CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平。结果观察组显效率和总有效率（分别为41.3%和93.47%）均明显高于单纯PE组（21.74%和78.26%,P<0.05）;治疗后,观察组患者血清TBIL、INR、NH₃、CRP、TNF-α和IL-6水平分别为（308.3±35.3）μmol/L、（1.6±0.2）、（214.3±22.7）μmol/L、（7.4±1.1）mg/L、（1128.3±345.3）ng/L和（115.5±12.0）ng/L,明显低于对照组【分别为（326.1±38.4）μmol/L、（1.9±0.8）、（267.5±26.1）μmol/L、（10.3±1.3）mg/L、（2012.3±318.4）ng/L和（184.3±20.1）ng/L,P<0.05】;观察组ALB水平为（34.3±4.9）g/L,明显高于对照组【（31.4±3.9）g/L,P<0.05】;观察组并发症发生率为19.6%,显著低于对照组的36.1%（P<0.05）。结论血浆置换联合血浆灌流治疗肝衰竭患者有助于清除炎性因子,改善肝功能,提高治疗效果。     

血浆置换联合持续血液滤过治疗28例急性药物性肝衰竭疗效观察

目的探讨血浆置换联合持续血液滤过在急性药物性肝衰竭治疗中的疗效。方法28例患者在给予常规治疗的基础上应用血浆置换联合持续血液滤过治疗,观察患者治疗前后的肝功能、肾功能、凝血功能变化。结果28例患者治疗后血清总胆红素由221.2±25.2μmol/L降至125.5±24.6μmol/L,P0.05;凝血酶原时间由36.2±9.3秒降至20.5±5.5秒,P0.05;谷丙转氨酶由1246±221U/L降至786±102U/L,P0.05;24例病情明显好转,生存率为85.7%。结论血浆置换联合持续血液滤过在急性药物性肝衰竭中有显著的治疗作用,可以明显改善肝肾功能。     

血浆置换治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝衰竭临床疗效观察

目的观察血浆置换治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者的临床疗效。方法选取2011年10月~2013年3月本科收治的慢性乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者38例,分为对照组和治疗组,后者在内科综合治疗的基础上给予血浆置换治疗。结果治疗后,19例血浆置换治疗患者血TBIL、ALT和INR分别为(277.8±49.8)μmol/L、(57.0±22.2)U/L和(2.1±0.2),明显低于对照组[分别为(367.7±49.0)μmol/L、(89.9±17.1)U/L和(2.8±0.2),P0.05],而两组肾功能和电解质变化情况差异无统计学意义(P0.05);在进行44次血浆置换过程中,发生不良反应9次(20.5%),其中6次(13.6%)为血浆过敏,出现皮肤瘙痒和荨麻疹。结论血浆置换治疗慢性乙型肝衰竭疗效明显,适时应用能降低患者病死率。     

血源紧张条件下血浆置换联合双重血浆分子吸附系统治疗早中期肝衰竭患者临床研究*

目的 探讨在血源紧张条件下采用半量血浆置换（PE)联合双重血浆分子吸附系统（DPMAS）治疗肝衰竭患者的疗效。方法 40例肝衰竭患者接受半量PE联合DPMAS（对照组）,另40例接受更少量PE联合DPMAS治疗（观察组）,观察两组患者近期疗效。结果 在治疗后,两组患者肝功能较前明显好转,但观察组患者血清TBIL水平为（144.6±69.5） μmol/L,显著高于对照组的（120.8±65.4） μmol/L,血清ALB水平为（30.3±5.2） g/L,显著低于对照组的（33.5±5.2） g/L（P<0.05）;经过2周内科综合治疗后,患者腹胀、恶心等消化道症状和乏力较前明显好转,PTA较前改善。对照组有效率为75.0%,观察组有效率为72.5%,两组比较差异无统计学意义（x²=0.208,P>0.05）;在行人工肝治疗过程中,发生皮疹、低血糖和口唇周围麻木等,经对症处理后恢复。结论 少量血浆PE联合DPMAS治疗肝衰竭早中期患者也有一定的疗效。     

硫普罗宁和复方甘草酸胺治疗对原发性肝癌患者血清细胞因子水平的影响

目的 观察硫普罗宁和复方甘草酸胺对原发性肝癌患者血清细胞因子、氧化应激反应产物和肝肾功能的影响。方法 80例原发性肝癌患者被分成观察组和对照组,各40例。对照组患者在接受TACE治疗时应用阿霉素治疗,观察组患者在上述治疗基础上接受硫普罗宁和复方甘草酸胺护肝治疗。检测两组患者治疗前后血清细胞因子、氧化应激指标和肝肾功能指标的变化。结果 治疗后观察组患者血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶为（122.37±10.26） U/L、过氧化氢酶为（24.91±3.45） U/L、超氧化物歧化酶为（89.10±9.05） μU/L,白介素（IL）-10为（13.90±2.03） ng/mL,显著高于对照组,丙二醛为 （4.16±0.32） μmol/L、IL-6为（35.78±3.22） μg/L、肿瘤坏死因子-α为（65.42±5.03） μg/L、C反应蛋白为（30.01±3.24） mg/L,谷丙转氨酶为（42.36±5.11） U/L、谷草转氨酶为（47.80±5.46） U/L,尿素氮为（4.56±0.36） mmol/L、肌酐为（54.14±5.74） μmol/L,均显著低于对照组,差异存在统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 硫普罗宁和复方甘草酸胺在应用阿霉素化疗时能减轻原发性肝癌患者炎性反应,保护肝肾功能。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.