Effect of music on anxiety of women awaiting breast biopsy

The authors investigated the effect of music on the state anxiety of a sample of 20 patients awaiting breast biopsy at a suburban medical facility. The patients were assigned alternately to either the control or experimental group. The individuals in the experimental group were given a 20-minute music-based intervention in a preoperative holding area, whereas the patients in the control group received the customary preoperative care. Clinicians measured blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration in both groups of patients, and the participants completed the State portion of the self-administered State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). After the patients completed the 20 minutes of music or of preoperative care without music, clinicians again measured the participants' vital signs and the patients completed the STAI. The authors' findings indicated that the posttest state anxiety and respiratory rates of the patients in the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the patients in the control group.     

音乐治疗对眼底手术病人焦虑的影响

目的：在于观察经听觉通道输入音乐对眼底手术病人焦虑状态的影响。方法：实验对象为39名择期进行眼底手术的男性病人，他们被随机地分为实验和对照两组，其中实验组19人，对照组20人，在手术过程中通过耳机给患者输入他们自己选定的音乐、观察焦虑（STAI），抑郁（SDS），视觉模拟焦虑（VAS）和脑电（BI）的变化。结果：实验组STAI，SDS，VAS值与对照组比明显降低，病人的焦虑、抑郁情绪有了明显改善，而脑电的变化没有显著性的差异。结论：音乐治疗可降低择期眼底手术男性病人的焦虑、抑郁与视觉模拟焦虑水平。     

An investigation of the effects of music on anxiety and pain perception in patients undergoing haemodialysis treatment

This study aimed to investigate the effects of preferred music listening on anxiety and pain perception in patients undergoing haemodialysis. A two group experimental design was used. Sixty people diagnosed with end stage renal failure undergoing haemodialysis treatment participated in this study. Preferred music listening was applied as an intervention. Anxiety and pain were measured pre-test and post-test. The control group scored significantly higher in state anxiety than the experimental group and experienced significantly higher pain intensity in post-test phase. Findings provide experimental evidence to support the effectiveness of preferred music listening in medical settings.     

The effect of preoperative Reiki application on patient anxiety levels

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to investigate changes in the anxiety levels of patients receiving preoperative Reiki.Material and methodsThis study used a quasi-experimental model with a pretest-posttest control group. Methods: Subjects (n = 210) were recruited from a hospital in Turkey, from June 2013 to July 2014. Subjects were then assigned to experimental (n = 105) and control (n = 105) groups.ResultsThe level of anxiety of experimental group patients did not change according to their state anxiety scores (p > 0.10); however, the anxiety level of control group patients increased (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe results of this study imply that the administration of Reiki is effective in controlling preoperative anxiety levels and in preventing them from increasing.     

Comparing the effects of geranium aromatherapy and music therapy on the anxiety level of patients undergoing inguinal hernia surgery: A clinical trial

IntroductionAnxiety may lead to negative post-surgery outcomes in patients. It is essential to find strategies to manage pre-surgery anxiety and prevent unwanted consequences in patients. Aromatherapy and music therapy can be used to help patients managing their pre-surgery anxiety.ObjectiveTo compare the effects of Geranium aromatherapy and music therapy on the anxiety level of patients undergoing inguinal hernia surgery.MethodsThis randomized clinical trial was conducted in Imam Educational Hospital in Mahabad, Iran. One hundred and fifty patients were recruited and randomly allocated to aromatherapy, music therapy, and control groups. The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to measure the patients’ pre-surgery anxiety (primary outcome) before and after the intervention. Geranium essential oil and instrumental music were used in aromatherapy and music therapy groups respectively. The patients in the control group received no intervention. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 25.0.ResultsThe results showed significant differences in the mean anxiety score of aromatherapy, music therapy, and control groups (P=0.011). Inhalation Geranium aromatherapy and music therapy groups had significantly lower mean anxiety scores compared with the control group after the intervention (P<0.001). Moreover, the value of decrease in the mean anxiety score was greater in the aromatherapy group compared to the music therapy group.ConclusionsMusic therapy and aromatherapy are recommended as inexpensive and safe complementary medicine. These methods are effective strategies to assist patients with managing their pre-surgery anxiety, which results in reduced patient post-surgery complications and shorter surgery recovery time.     

焦虑症患者应激时情绪反应及脑功能状况

目的 :研究焦虑症患者应激状态下的情绪变化特点及其脑功能活动状况。方法 :对 2 0例未经治疗的焦虑症患者和 2 0例健康人采用瑞文测试进行模拟应激 ,以焦虑状态 /特质询问表 (STAI)和心率、肌电等指标评估受试者应激前后的情绪水平 ,采用单光子发射型计算机断层显像技术对两组进行双日法平静及紧张状态局部脑血流灌注 (rCBF)检查。结果 :(1)经配对t检验 ,应激后两组受试者STAI分、心率、肌电均显著高于应激前 (P <0 0 1)。 (2 )经配对t检验 ,病例组模拟应激前后STAI分、心率、肌电显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5及 0 0 1) ;经协方差分析 ,病例组应激前后STAI的变化显著大于对照组。 (3 )经协方差分析 ,患者部分脑区应激前后rCBF变化与对照组有显著差异 (P <0 0 5及 0 0 1) ,且应激后rCBF呈下降趋势。结论 :模拟应激过程能有效诱发受试者的焦虑反应。焦虑症患者可能存在大脑皮层情绪控制功能的减弱 ,使其应激过程中的情绪波动明显高于正常人 ,这可能构成焦虑症发病的病理生理基础之一     

The effect of preoperative education on anxiety of open cardiac surgery patients

The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative teaching method on anxiety levels of the patients. This study consisted of 100 patients having open cardiac surgery. Of 100 patients 50 were placed in the intervention group while the remaining 50 were in the control group. The patients in the intervention group were given a planned teaching according to the patient education booklet. Patients in the control group were informed about pre- and postoperative routines by a nurse by the purpose of comparing anxiety levels of the patients in the intervention and control groups. The anxiety level of the patients in control and intervention groups was measured on the 3rd day after the operation by using the Self-Evaluation Questionnaire for State and Trait Anxiety Inventory. The mean postoperative state and trait anxiety score in the control group was slightly higher than the mean of the patients in the intervention group. There was no statistically significant difference in the state and trait anxiety scores between the groups, and the patients in the intervention group had lower scores than the patients in the control group. In addition, all patients in the intervention group stated that they were satisfied with the preoperative teaching given by the researcher.     

Effects of preoperative individualized audiovisual education on anxiety and comfort in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: randomised controlled study

ObjectiveThe study aimed to determine the effects of preoperative individualized audiovisual education for laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients on postoperative anxiety and comfort (pain, nausea, and vomiting).MethodThis study was a randomized clinical trial on 124 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients were randomized into an intervention group (individualized audiovisual education) or a control group (standard education). The primary outcome was change in anxiety and comfort levels between the intervention and control groups at baseline and follow-up. Secondary outcomes were change between groups in Patient Learning Needs Scale scores and vital signs.ResultsAlthough the preoperative visual analog scale (VAS)-pain and VAS-nausea scores of the patients in both groups were similar, the postoperative VAS-pain and VAS-nausea levels of the intervention group were significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05). The anxiety levels of the intervention group were also lower both before (42.79 ± 4.29) and after (39.08 ± 3.49) surgery than that of the control group (50.98 ± 5.45 and 44.41 ± 4.77, respectively).ConclusionThis study showed that preoperative individualized audiovisual education was effective in reducing anxiety and improving patient comfort.Practice implicationsPreoperative individualized audiovisual education is crucial for clinical care and can be integrated into other patients because of its positive effects on postoperative recovery outcomes.     

Effects of anxiety-related psychological states on music-induced analgesia in cold pressor pain responses

ContextThe analgesic effect of music has long been reported.ObjectiveTo assess how anxiety-related psychological states affect the analgesic effect of music using the cold pressor task (CPT).DesignA 3-period × 3-sequence crossover design was adopted; three conditions were used: “no sound,” “music-listening,” and “news-listening.”Setting:ParticipantsForty-nine participants were included.InterventionsAfter completing five anxiety-related psychological instruments (Anxiety Sensitivity Index [ASI]-16, ASI-Revised, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI]-S, STAI-T, and Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale-20), the participants were allocated to the low- or high-anxiety group. The high- and low-anxiety groups were defined based on cutoff points according to the distributions and characteristics of the five instruments.Main outcome measuresPain responses, such as pain tolerance time, pain intensity, and pain unpleasantness, were measured on the CPT. Pain responses in the music-listening condition were also compared to those in the other two conditions via pairwise comparisons within each anxiety group.Results: The Cronbach alpha of the five instruments ranged from 0.866 to 0.95, indicating that they were reliable. Pain responses in the music-listening condition in the low-anxiety groups based on any of the five scales were significantly different from those in the other conditions, but this effect was not found in the high-anxiety groups. This study demonstrates that anxiety-related psychological states can predict the analgesic effect of music on pain responses measured by the CPT and suggests that music may be beneficial as a pain management tool in low-anxiety groups.     

Effects of State-Trait Anxiety on the Ability to Enhance and Suppress EEG Alpha

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between self-reported state and trait anxiety and the ability to enhance or suppress (i.e., control) alpha density in a biofeedback situation. Forty subjects were randomly divided into alpha enhancement and alpha suppression conditions and then underwent four 40-min eyes-closed biofeedback sessions. Immediately before and after each session, each subject completed the A-State scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Prior to the first session and again at the end of the final session, the A-Trait scale of the STAI was also completed. The results indicated that: a) subjects with low initial trait and state anxiety were significantly better than high anxiety subjects at suppressing but not enhancing alpha, b) final state anxiety scores were unrelated to alpha control, and c) significant pre- to post-session declines in state anxiety across all subjects were unrelated to both the direction and success of alpha control. It was concluded that anxiety may be related to the ability to increase cortical arousal level (i.e., to reduce alpha) in a biofeedback situation rather than being a direct correlate of alpha level per se. However, since the biofeedback procedure did not result in significant alpha enhancement, the relationship between anxiety and the ability to reduce cortical arousal remains unclear.     

广泛性焦虑障碍患者的述情障碍与状态焦虑、特质焦虑的关系

目的探讨广泛性焦虑障碍患者的述情障碍与焦虑特质的相关性。方法采用自制的一般情况调查表、多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS-20)、状态-特质焦虑问卷(STAI)对46例广泛性焦虑障碍患者(焦虑组)及50例健康志愿者(对照组)进行评估,并分析述情障碍与状态焦虑、特质焦虑的关系。结果 1焦虑组的TAS总分、因子1、因子2、因子3显著高于对照组(P0.05);2焦虑组患者状态焦虑分、特质焦虑分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);3焦虑患者的TAS-20总分与状态焦虑和特质焦虑的评分呈显著正相关(P0.05或P0.01);TAS因子2与状态焦虑分显著正相关,而与特质焦虑分无显著相关(P0.05);TAS因子3与特质焦虑分呈显著正相关(P0.05),与状态焦虑无显著相关(P0.05);TAS因子1与状态焦虑、特质焦虑分均无明显相关(P0.05)。结论广泛性焦虑障碍的患者存在述情障碍,缺乏情感描述能力与状态焦虑关系较为密切,外向性思维缺乏与特质焦虑更为密切。     

The effect of anxiety and depression scores of couples who underwent assisted reproductive techniques on the pregnancy outcomes

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of anxiety and depression scores of couples who underwent Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART) on pregnancy outcomes.MethodThis study was conducted as a prospective and comparative study with 217 couples. The study data was collected by using a semi-structured questionnaire and the Turkish version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The questionnaire, STAI and BDI were applied to couples who initiated ART treatment. Couples'' state anxiety scores were re-evaluated after embryo transfer (ET).ResultsA significant relationship was found between the depression score of women and pregnancy outcome (p < 0.05). It was determined that anxiety scores for both men and women were higher before the ART procedure, but their anxiety scores decreased after ET (p < 0.05). Spouses of women with a negative pregnancy outcome had higher trait and state anxiety mean scores (p > 0.05) and lower depression scores (p <0.05) than spouses of women with a positive pregnancy outcome.ConclusionStudy results indicated that the anxiety and depression scores of couples who had achieved a positive pregnancy result were lower than for couples with a negative result. The results of this study will contribute to the health professionals especially to the nurses who spend the most time with couples in providing consulting services and supporting psychological status of couples during ART process in Turkey.     

腹腔镜手术病人术前音乐干预的临床观察

目的 探讨音乐对腹腔镜手术病人的影响.方法 将60例腹腔镜手术病人分两组(即听音乐组,非听音乐组),术前1～2小时,听音乐组听喜爱的音乐30分钟,非听音乐组不听音乐.将两组情绪焦虑评分及血压、心率、呼吸的变化进行比较,并进行统计学处理.结果 听音乐可降低腹腔镜手术病人的术前焦虑,使患者的血压、心率、呼吸相对稳定,两组间...     

Normalization of hypertensive responses during ambulatory surgical stress by perioperative music

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether cognitive appraisals of stress level and hypertensive responses to ambulatory ophthalmic surgery can be ameliorated by patient-selected music. METHODS: We studied 40 elderly individuals requiring ophthalmic surgery, 20 in an experimental group (mean age, 74 years) and 20 in a control group (mean age, 77 years). All patients had an established resting blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg. In the experimental group self-selected music was provided by headphones throughout the preoperative, surgical, and postoperative periods. In the control group patients had neither headphones nor music. All patients received similar (weight-determined) doses of alfentanil and midazolam during surgery. Heart rate, blood pressure, and patient-reported stress and coping levels were the dependent variables. RESULTS: In both groups, blood pressure values were normal (approximately 129/82 mm Hg) during screening examinations 1 week before surgery. On the day of surgery both groups displayed increased preoperative blood pressures (approximately 159/92 mm Hg) associated with increases in heart rate (by approximately 17 beats/min). Intraoperative blood pressures in the experimental group returned quickly to screening baseline values, whereas the control group experienced persistent elevations in intraoperative blood pressure similar to preoperative levels. Over the course of the surgical experience, patients with music reported significant reductions in perceived stress and increases in coping abilities (p < .001), whereas those without music did not. CONCLUSIONS: The perceived stress of ambulatory surgery in geriatric patients is associated with a clinical hypertensive response that is ameliorated by self-selected perioperative music, which also decreases perceived stress and increases patients' sense of personal control and well-being.     

Effectiveness of personalized music systems to influence neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with dementia: A quasi-experimental study

ContextStudies have shown that music can improve the neuropsychiatric symptoms in people with dementia. Personalized music has the greatest impact. However, people with dementia in residential care rarely listen to personalized music; in doing so, they themselves as well as their caregivers pass up the positive effects associated with it. As a result, customizable music systems have been developed that allow people with dementia to listen to their favorite music.AimTo determine the effectiveness of personalized music systems on the neuropsychiatric symptoms of people with dementia in residential care and the perceived distress of caregivers.Method14 residents heard personalized music during personal care for eight weeks. Outcomes were derived from pre-post-follow up assessments of residents' neuropsychiatric symptoms and caregivers' distress using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q). The frequency of the music systems' usage was recorded in log files. A control group of 14 residents received standard care.ResultsCaregivers used the music systems among the residents with varying frequency. During the intervention, an increasing trend of the severity value of apathy was observed, while the severity values of delusions and nighttime disturbances tended to decrease. However, the trends did not reach statistical significance. Caregivers' perceived distress was not affected.ConclusionA practicable solution for providing personalized music to people with dementia in residential care was tested. Possible positive effects were observed for delusions and nighttime disturbances in people with dementia, but a larger study will be required to verify these observations.     

Benefits of hand massage on anxiety in preoperative outpatient: A quasi-experimental study with pre- and post-tests

ContextSurgical patients experience procedure-related anxiety preoperatively. With delays and long waiting periods, surgical patients can experience increased anxiety and decreased satisfaction with their hospital visit.Main ObjectivesTo evaluate whether a 15-minute non-therapeutic hand massage provided by the Caring Hands massage volunteers would reduce anxiety levels, increase satisfaction, and decrease physiological parameters among preoperative surgical patients.DesignThis research study has a quasi-experimental design, with control and intervention groups, and pre and post-tests.Setting: This research study was conducted at Same Day Surgical Stations 53 and 63 at the Mayo Clinic Hospital, Methodist Campus, in Rochester Minnesota.PatientsOne hundred and thirty-eight surgical outpatients were recruited preoperatively, with 31 participants in the control group and 107 in the intervention group.InterventionsPatients in the control group were asked to rest for 15 min. Patients in the intervention group received a 15-minute non-therapeutic hand massage administered by the Caring Hands massage volunteers from the Mayo Clinic Volunteer Program.Main Outcome MeasuresPatient anxiety level and physiological parameters were measured and recorded before and after a resting session (control group) or a 15-minute non-therapeutic hand massage session (intervention group). Patients in the intervention group were also surveyed for satisfaction. The feasibility of incorporating a 15-minute non-therapeutic hand massage into the preoperative routine was also analyzed.ResultsAfter receiving a 15-minute non-therapeutic hand massage, patients experienced reduced anxiety levels and increased satisfaction. It was also found that it is feasible to add a 15-minute non-therapeutic hand massage to the routine of a same-day surgical station.     

Psychological Preparation as a Method of Reducing the Stress of Surgery

Abstract

Studies of the preparation of adult patients for surgery are reviewed. While many show that preparation reduces stress, the studies are criticized for methodological and conceptual inadequacies. In particular, studies often fail to measure a range of stress responses, and also fail to provide measures over a sufficient time span to fully assess the effect of preparation on stress responses which are known to have differing rates of responsiveness. The experimental study was specifically designed to overcome these problems. Eighty patients undergoing a minor gynecological operation (laparoscopy for sterilization or infertility investigation) were allocated to one of three groups: routine care only (Control 1); routine care plus a minimally informative preparatory booklet (Control 2); or routine care plus a maximally informative preparatory booklet (Experimental group). Patients in the special preparation condition showed lower stress responses on measures of preoperative fear and anxiety, heart rate and blood pressure, and postoperative anxiety. At both one-and six-week follow ups they showed reduced state anxiety and elevated postdischarge vigor scores. They also showed less pain after surgery and recovered faster in hospital and in the first six days after going home. They returned to normal activities faster than patients in the two control groups. There were no differences on measures of postoperative symptoms, medication use, or reported time to return to normal health. The results are discussed in terms of previous studies of psychological preparation, and current concepts of stress. Suggestions for the design of preparatory interventions are made which match the type and timing of the intervention to the target stress response.     

The effect of playing music and mother's voice to children on sedation level and requirement during pediatric magnetic resonance imaging

BackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging examinations frequently cause anxiety and fear in children. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of listening to music sound, the mother's voice, and sound isolation on the depth of sedation and need for sedatives in pediatric patients who would undergo MRI.MethodsNinety pediatric patients aged 3 to 12 years who were planned for imaging in the MRI unit were randomly assigned to isolation group (Group I), musical sound group (Group II), and mother's voice group (Group III). We evaluated patients' anxiety and sedation levels via the Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (OAA/S)ResultsHeart rate, oxygen saturation, OAA/S, and Ramsey scores during the procedure were not significantly different among the groups (p>0.05). The mean amount of propofol and total propofol consumption was statistically lower in the mother's voice group than in the isolation and music sound groups (p<0.001). Mean propofol amount and total propofol consumption were not significantly different in isolation and music sound groups (p>0.05). No difference was found between the groups regarding the time it took for the patients' Modified Aldrete score to reach 9 (p>0.05).ConclusionsIn pediatric patients, listening to the mother's voice during MRI decreased the total sedative requirement consumed without increasing the depth of sedation.     

Maternal anxiety during the transition to parenthood: a prospective study

BACKGROUND: This prospective study used both self-report (STAI) and clinical diagnostic interview (MINI-Plus) to examine the course of maternal anxiety across the transition to parenthood. The study also assessed i) the validity of the STAI for antenatal use in an Australian sample and ii) the relative utility of the MINI-Plus and STAI scales as antenatal measures of risk for postnatal anxiety and mood disorders. METHODS: Participants were 100 women recruited during routine antenatal assessment at a major obstetric hospital in Sydney. An antenatal screening instrument (ANRQ) identified half the sample as being at "high risk" for developing postnatal anxiety and/or depression. Participants completed the STAI during the third trimester of pregnancy and the MINI-Plus was administered during pregnancy and during the seventh postnatal month to assess anxiety and depression meeting DSM-IV criteria. RESULTS: The data indicated considerable stability in anxiety and depression from pregnancy through the postnatal period, as assessed by both diagnostic interview and maternal self-report. Antenatal anxiety meeting diagnostic criteria and antenatal trait anxiety exceeding a cut-off score of 40 on the STAI were both found to be significant predictors of postnatal anxiety and mood disorders (p-values<.05). Further analyses revealed that the measures were equivalent in their predictive utility. Finally, the STAI state and trait anxiety scales demonstrated a reasonable estimation of antenatal clinical state when tested against the MINI-Plus diagnostic interview during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this study suggest that antenatal anxiety as assessed by either clinical interview or maternal self-report is an important predictor of postnatal anxiety and mood disorders. The validity of the STAI scales for use during pregnancy was also demonstrated for the first time in an Australian sample.