Solution-Focused Brief Therapy for the Treatment of Sexual Disorders

The purpose of this article is to describe the use of solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) as an approach to sex therapy. SFBT has been used to treat most clinical problems and populations, but until now has not been offered as an approach to sexual problems. This article describes SFBT and discusses its applications to sex therapy. A case example is included.     

Hope and Expectancy in Solution-Focused Brief Therapy

The common factors approach has been heavily discussed in recent years in psychotherapy, being explored in a variety of different ways. It is commonly accepted that hope and expectancy factors account for roughly 15% of outcome variance in psychotherapy (Lambert, 1992 Lambert, M. J. 1992. “Implications of outcome research for psychotherapy integration”. In Handbook of psychotherapy integration, Edited by: Norcross, J. C. and Goldfried, M. R. 94–129. New York: Basic Books.  [Google Scholar]). This article explores how the therapeutic factor of hope and expectancy plays a role in one specific approach, solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT). SFBT is parsimoniously designed to utilize this therapeutic factor to help clients develop solutions that increase their expectancy of change and their hope for a positive outcome. This article explores how the components of SFBT build upon the common factor of hope and expectancy.     

Solution-Focused Group Work: Collaborating with Clients Diagnosed with HIV/AIDS

This article looks at the current trends and challenges faced by persons diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Given the lack of resources available to persons living with HIV/AIDS, a rationale for using solution-focused brief group therapy (SFBGT) is presented. The solution-focused approach builds on client resources to move them closer to their desired life despite having a life-threatening illness. SFBT is uniquely suited to facilitating positive outcomes with individuals living with HIV/AIDS. The overall aim of this article is to provide a theoretical explanation and justification of how SFBGT can effectively aid those diagnosed with HIV/AIDS to combat the obstacles they encounter. An example of a group format is also offered as a template for clinicians and practitioners.     

The Training Effects of Solution-Focused Brief Counseling on Telephone-Counseling Volunteers in Taiwan

This study investigates the effects of a solution-focused brief counseling training program on telephone-counseling volunteers in Taiwan, with an emphasis on promoting their counseling self-efficacy. There were 14 hotline volunteers recruited from Taipei Lifeline, they received 24 hours of solution-focused brief counseling training over 3 days. All participants were required to fill in an open-ended course feedback form after the solution-focused brief counseling training program and 1 month later. We used open coding to analyze the verbal data from the course-feedback forms. There were 6 features contributing to the effect of this solution-focused brief counseling training program that were found: helpful solution-focused brief counseling skills, the usefulness of solution-focused brief counseling’s stages, the establishment of basic knowledge of solution-focused brief counseling, enhancing the confidence and stability of telephone-counseling volunteers, the positive influence on volunteers’ personal life, and effective ways to learn and master solution-focused brief counseling. Using the research results, this study discusses solution-focused brief counseling training as it relates to telephone-counseling volunteers and suggests further research directions in relevant fields.     

Brief Education About Autism Spectrum Disorders for Family Therapists

The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is on the rise, and family therapists are increasingly likely to encounter clients who have some form of this disorder. There is emerging evidence that professionals, including family therapists, may misdiagnose the condition or that proper diagnosis and treatment may be delayed. Thus, professional education about ASDs is important. In addition to the effects on the diagnosed individual, ASDs have significant impact on the family system. Family-centered interventions constitute a crucial piece of a multifaceted treatment plan, and there is a call for family-centered intervention and support services. To support family therapists in becoming more informed and effective members of treatment teams, this article provides an overview of Asperger's disorder and autism, with a focus on definitions, assessment, and individual treatments of ASDs. Ways in which ASDs have impact on the family are then identified, and specific issues relevant to family treatment are discussed.     

Brief Report: Improvements in the Behavior of Children with Autism Following Massage Therapy

Twenty children with autism, ages 3 to 6 years, were randomly assigned to massage therapy and reading attention control groups. Parents in the massage therapy group were trained by a massage therapist to massage their children for 15 minutes prior to bedtime every night for 1 month and the parents of the attention control group read Dr. Seuss stories to their children on the same time schedule. Conners Teacher and Parent scales, classroom and playground observations, and sleep diaries were used to assess the effects of therapy on various behaviors, including hyperactivity, stereotypical and off-task behavior, and sleep problems. Results suggested that the children in the massage group exhibited less stereotypic behavior and showed more on-task and social relatedness behavior during play observations at school, and they experienced fewer sleep problems at home.     

Brief Report: A Scale for Rating Conversational Impairment in Autism Spectrum Disorder

There are few well-standardized measures of conversational breakdown in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The study’s objective was to develop a scale for measuring pragmatic impairments in conversations of individuals with ASD. We analyzed 46 semi-structured conversations of children and adolescents with high-functioning ASD using a functional linguistic paradigm. Five constructs were developed that assessed difficulties related to the pragmatics of conversation: atypical intonation; semantic drift; terseness; pedantic speech; perseveration. The scale shows good inter-rater reliability and variation in the scales is not simply a reflection of IQ or language competence. This tool represents a way of characterizing language use in ASD and is an initial step towards developing a tool to evaluate change in degree of social impairments in conversation.     

Brief Report: Theatre as Therapy for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

The pilot investigation evaluated a theatrical intervention program, Social Emotional NeuroScience Endocrinology (SENSE) Theatre, designed to improve socioemotional functioning and reduce stress in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Eight children with ASD were paired with typically developing peers that served as expert models. Neuropsychological, biological (cortisol and oxytocin), and behavioral measures were assessed in a pretest–posttest design. The intervention was embedded in a full musical theatrical production. Participants showed some improvement in face identification and theory of mind skills. The intervention shows potential promise in improving the socioemotional functioning in children with ASD through the utilization of peers, video and behavioral modeling, and a community-based theatrical setting.     

Inhibition-Based Biomarkers for Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a behaviorally defined and heterogeneous disorder. Biomarkers for ASD offer the opportunity to improve prediction, diagnosis, stratification by severity and subtype, monitoring over time and in response to interventions, and overall understanding of the underlying biology of this disorder. A variety of potential biomarkers, from the level of genes and proteins to network-level interactions, is currently being examined. Many of these biomarkers relate to inhibition, which is of particular interest because in many cases ASD is thought to be a disorder of imbalance between excitation and inhibition. Abnormalities in inhibition at the cellular level lead to emergent properties in networks of neurons. These properties take into account a more complete genetic and cellular background than findings at the level of individual genes or cells, and are able to be measured in live humans, offering additional potential as diagnostic biomarkers and predictors of behaviors. In this review we provide examples of how altered inhibition may inform the search for ASD biomarkers at multiple levels, from genes to cells to networks.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13311-015-0350-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.