服用小剂量他达那非对动脉性勃起功能障碍患者临床疗效的观察

目的:观察服用小剂量磷酸二酯酶-5(PDE5)抑制剂他达那非对动脉性勃起功能障碍(ED)患者的疗效。方法:对43例动脉性ED患者采用了疗程为4周的隔日小剂量(5 mg)晚餐后口服他达那非的用药方案,在治疗前后进行IIEF-5评分同时用彩色多普勒超声联合阴茎血管活性药物前列腺素(PGE-1)注射实验,检测阴茎双侧海绵体动脉的收缩期最大流速(PSV)。结果:经统计学分析,IIEF-5评分以及阴茎双侧海绵体动脉的PSV在治疗4周后有显著提高(P<0.05)。结论:口服小剂量他达那非能有效提高动脉性ED患者阴茎海绵体动脉的收缩期最大流速,改善患者的勃起质量。     

彩色多普勒超声在血管性阴茎勃起功能障碍诊断中的应用

目的评估阴茎海绵体注射后彩色多普勒超声对男性血管性阴茎勃起功能障碍（ED）患者诊断作用。方法47例ED患者经阴茎海绵体注射PGE1 30μg诱导勃起后行彩色超声多普勒检查左、右海绵体动脉血流指标,包括收缩期最大流速（PSV）,动脉舒张末期血流速度（EDV）,阻力指数（RI）。结果非血管性ED组41例（87.2%）,其中左、右海绵体动脉PSV分别〉25 cm/s者33例,左右海绵体动脉PSV相加〉50 cm/s者8例。动脉性ED组2例（4.25%）,左右海绵体动脉PSV均〈25 cm/s,背深静脉未见血流。静脉性ED组4例（8.51%）。结论阴茎海绵体注射血管活性药物后多普勒彩色超声对男性血管性ED检查是一种微创而准确的方法。     

选择不同剂量他达拉非治疗ED的临床标准初步探索

目的:本文通过观察不同剂量他达拉非(希爱力)对于勃起功能障碍(ED)患者的治疗效果,探索他达拉非剂量与阴茎血流彩色多普勒参数之间的关系。方法:对136例ED患者在治疗前后进行IIEF-5评分同时用彩色多普勒超声联合阴茎血管活性药物前列腺素(PGE1)注射试验,检测阴茎双侧海绵体动脉的收缩期最大流速(PSV)。根据治疗前不同的PSV值,随机分为4组,采用了疗程为4周的隔日晚餐后口服不同剂量他达那非的用药方案。A组:PSV>15 cm/s,选择10 mg剂量;B组:PSV>15 cm/s,选择5 mg剂量;C组:PSV<15 cm/s,选择10 mg剂量;D组:PSV<15 cm/s,选择5 mg剂量。结果:治疗4周后,经统计学分析,4组IIEF-5评分以及阴茎双侧海绵体动脉的PSV与治疗前相比均有显著提高(P<0.01)。而且治疗4周后,A组与B组IIEF-5评分以及阴茎双侧海绵体动脉的PSV之间没有明显差异;C组却显著高于D组(P<0.01)。结论:隔日口服不同剂量的他达那非均能有效提高ED患者阴茎海绵体动脉的收缩期最大流速,改善患者的勃起质量。PSV>15 cm/s的ED患者可选择小剂量5 mg隔日;PSV<15 cm/s的ED患者尽量选择较大剂量10 mg隔日,以取得更好的疗效。     

小剂量他达拉非能改善动脉性勃起功能障碍

评价小剂量5型磷酸二酯酶(PDE5)抑制剂他达拉非对动脉性勃起功能障碍的疗效.43例动脉性勃起功能障碍患者被要求连续4周内隔日于晚餐后服用5 mg他达拉非.所有患者均进行国际勃起功能指数5(IIEF-5)评分,并于海绵体内注射10μg前列腺素E1,然后通过彩色多普勒超声测量阴茎海绵体动脉收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV).统计分析显示,他达拉非治疗后IIEF-5评分和PSV较基线水平均显著提高(P＜0.01).小剂量他达拉非能够显著改善海绵体动脉PSV,并因此改善动脉性ED患者的勃起功能.     

前列腺素E1乳膏对89例ED患者阴茎血流变化的观察

阴茎勃起功能障碍(简称ED)的病因非常复杂,其基本病机是由于阴茎海绵体平滑肌不能松弛,不足以使阴茎海绵窦血流增加,致海绵窦间隙增大而阴茎疲软,不能胀大。我院于2001年11月至2003年2月采用前列腺素E1乳膏经尿道内用药法,使用美国彩色多普勒超声显像仪观察了89例ED患者用药前后阴茎背动脉,左右海绵体动脉收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV)和海绵体周径变化。现报告如下。     

糖尿病性勃起功能障碍的超声研究

目的 应用彩色多普勒超声血流显像(CDFI)技术探讨动脉在糖尿病性勃起功能障碍(ED)中的作用.方法 23例糖尿病性ED患者和30例非糖尿病ED患者经阴茎海绵体注射前列地尔注射液(主要成分为PGE1)10 μg诱导勃起后,行CDFI检查双侧海绵体动脉血流动力学指标,包括收缩期最大流速(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV)、阻力指数(RI)及内径(R).结果 PSV和R这两项指标在糖尿病性ED和非糖尿病ED患者中存在差异具有统计学意义,EDV和RI在两组患者中的差异没有统计学意义.糖尿病性ED患者中的动脉性ED明显多于非糖尿病性ED.结论 动脉供血不足在糖尿病性勃起功能障碍发病机制中起着重要作用.阴茎海绵体注射血管活性药物后CDFI对血管性ED检查是一种微创而准确的方法.     

多普勒超声技术动态观察血管性勃起功能障碍患者阴茎血流动力学的变化

目的动态观察多普勒超声技术配合阴茎海绵体注射在血管性勃起功能障碍患者诊断中的价值。方法120例疑血管性ED患者在阴茎注射PGE1后5min、10min和20min应用多普勒超声技术测量阴茎血流动力学变化,指标包括:收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期峰值流速(EDV)、血流阻力指数(RI)。另100例心因性ED设为对照组。第一次注射后勃起不佳的患者3d后增加PGE1剂量重新检测。结果120例患者可以观察到明显的血流动力学变化,其中有动脉性ED者34例,静脉性ED 55例,混合血管性31例。ICI后不同时间的多普勒测量其血流动力学变化有一定差异。结论多普勒超声技术诊断血管性勃起功能障碍有一定意义。阴茎海绵体注射药物后须动态观察阴茎血流动力学的变化。     

选择性阴部内动脉造影在动脉性勃起功能障碍诊断中的应用

目的:探讨选择性阴部内动脉造影的操作流程及其在动脉性ED诊断中的价值。方法:选择阴茎海绵体动脉血流收缩期峰速(PSV)25 ml/s并且NPT异常,高度怀疑动脉性ED患者62例,对其进行选择性阴部内动脉造影检查,观察并测定阴部内动脉主干的狭窄程度以及阴茎背动脉和阴茎海绵体动脉的显影长度。结果:21例患者阴部内动脉主干、阴茎背动脉、阴茎海绵体动脉均显影良好;7例患者阴部内动脉主干狭窄;37例患者阴茎背动脉或(和)阴茎海绵体动脉显影长度不足;3例患者同时有阴部内动脉主干狭窄和阴茎背动脉或阴茎海绵体动脉显影长度不足。仅3例患者股动脉穿刺部位皮下血肿,无其他并发症。结论:选择性阴部内动脉造影能够显示供应阴茎的动脉的解剖形态学上的变化,对动脉病变部位做出定位,还能判断阴茎动脉的血流情况,并可以指导此类患者治疗方案的选择,可作为动脉性ED诊断的金标准。     

彩色双功能多普勒超声联合夜间阴茎勃起测定对骨盆骨折后阴茎勃起功能的评价(附34例分析)

目的探讨骨盆骨折对ED患者阴茎勃起功能的影响程度,并寻求较佳的评价方法。方法34例骨盆骨折后ED患者,给予海绵体内注射血管活性药物(ICI,酚妥拉明1mg、罂粟碱30mg)并行彩色双功能多普勒超声(CDDU)检查阴茎血流动力学,结合夜间阴茎勃起测定(NPT)连续3夜测定阴茎勃起次数、持续时间、血容积的变化情况。结果34例骨盆骨折后ED患者的阴茎海绵体动脉收缩期最大血流速度(PSV)左侧为(23.778.6)1cm/s,右侧为(24.086.7)7cm/s;动脉舒张期最小血流速度(EDV)左侧为(2.3033.2)5cm/s,右侧为(3.361.5)2cm/s;阴茎血管阻力指数(RI)为0.910.1。2全部病例均存在NPT异常,血容积变化率为(162.6830.4)8%;结论CDDU NPT可以作为骨盆骨折后ED的一种有效评价方法。     

彩色多普勒超声检查在血管性勃起功能障碍诊断中的应用

目的 :探讨多普勒超声检查在诊断血管性勃起功能障碍 (ED)的临床价值。　方法 :应用多普勒超声检查阴茎药物诱导勃起前后的血液动力学改变 ,将非血管性ED病人与明确诊断血管性ED病人的多普勒超声变化进行对比 ,寻找血管性ED的特征。　结果 :动脉性ED病人深动脉的最大血流速度 (PSV)明显小于正常组 (P <0 .0 1) ;静脉性ED病人在阴茎完全勃起后背深静脉血流 (VV)仍大于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。　结论 :配合药物诱导阴茎勃起 ,多普勒超声检查是临床上筛选血管性ED的有效手段     

Usefulness of power Doppler ultrasonography in evaluating erectile dysfunction

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate deep penile arterial flow after an intracavernosal injection with papaverine in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty patients with ED were evaluated using power Doppler ultrasonography with a linear probe (8 MHz). Diagnostic tests were undertaken after an intracavernosal injection with 40 mg papaverine. The peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistive index (RI) were analysed. RESULTS: After injecting papaverine, seven patients had a normal erection and appropriate waveform patterns; their mean PSV was 30.7 cm/s, the EDV 4.42 cm/s and the RI 0.85. There was tumescence and elongation of the penis with no rigidity in eight patients; their mean PSV was 23.9 cm/s, the EDV 7.34 cm/s and the RI 0.72. There was no erection in five patients. The abnormal flow values showed insufficient arterial vessels in a quarter of the men, venous leakage in 15% and mixed ED in 20%. CONCLUSION: The power Doppler technique allows the accurate location and evaluation of deep penile arteries. Vascular pathology may be differentiated after an intracavernosal injection with a vasomotor agent. Recognising the pathological pattern assists in choosing the best method of treatment.     

彩色多普勒超声检查在血管性勃起功能障碍诊断中的应用

目的:评估彩色多普勒超声在诊断血管性勃起功能障碍中的临床价值。方法:应用彩色多普勒超声技术,检测527例疑似血管性勃起功能障碍患者,海绵体注射血管活性药物前、后阴茎海绵体动脉血流动力学。结果:动脉性勃起功能障碍207例(49.88%),静脉性勃起功能障碍144例(34.70%),动静脉性勃起功能障碍64例(15.42%),非血管性勃起功障碍112例(26.99%)。结论:彩色多普勒超声技术是目前诊断血管性勃起功能障碍的一种微创而可靠的检查方法,其能够定量反映阴茎的血流动力学状态,为合理的治疗勃起功能障碍提供有价值的依据。     

Duplex ultrasound evaluation of cavernosal peak systolic velocity and waveform acceleration in the penile flaccid state: clinical significance in the assessment of the arterial supply in patients with erectile dysfunction

The aim of this paper was to establish if duplex ultrasound parameters obtained for assessment of the patency of cavernosal arteries in the penile flaccid state can give sufficient clinical information without the use of intracavernosal injection of vasodilatory drugs. We assessed mean cavernosal peak systolic velocity (PSV) in the penile flaccid state (basal PSV), and after PGE1 injection (dynamic PSV) in 339 unselected patients with erectile dysfunction. In 55 of these patients the waveform acceleration in the flaccid state was also assessed. The results of the study can be summarized as follows: (1) a significant relationship was found between basal and dynamic PSV in the 339 patients (r=0.477; p < 0.0001); (2) a basal PSV >12.5 cm/sec was predictive of a dynamic PSV >/=30 cm/sec in 129/139 (92.8%) of the patients, whereas in patients with a basal PSV or <30 cm/sec could be found; and (3) an acceleration >1 m/sec2 in the flaccid state was coupled to a dynamic PSV >30 cm/sec in 43/46 (93.5%) of the patients independent of the basal PSV. In conclusion, these results suggest that the combined duplex ultrasound assessment of PSV and waveform acceleration in the penile flaccid state can predict arterial dynamic inflow in the majority (51/55; 92.7%) of patients with erectile dysfunction, with less time and expense and less discomfort for the patient.     

Peak systolic velocity in patients with arterial erectile dysfunction and peripheral arterial disease

The aim of this study is to evaluate whether penile peak systolic velocity (PSV) varies in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) due to artery insufficiency associated with abnormalities in other arterial districts or not. To accomplish this, cavernous artery PSV was determined 10, 20 and 30 min after intracavernously administering alprostadil by means of echo-color Doppler to a total of 65 consecutive patients (age range 52-78 years). In all, 18 patients had ED alone (group A) and served as controls, 15 had ED plus atheroma plaques and/or marked intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery (group B); 17 had ED plus lower limb artery abnormalities; 17 had ED plus carotid and lower limb artery abnormalities (group D). Group B and C patients had a similar PSV, which turned out to be significantly lower than that in group A. Group D patients had the lowest PSV, which proved to be significantly lower than that in groups A, B and C. This study shows that a more generalized peripheral atherosclerotic process is associated with a severer penile artery insufficiency. Therefore, ED patients with a severe arterial insufficiency should undergo an extensive echo-duplex examination.     

Changes in peak systolic velocity induced by chronic therapy with phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of chronic therapy with phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor on penile haemodynamics at colour Doppler ultrasound. Thirty patients affected by erectile dysfunction (ED) of different aetiology tested with the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) were evaluated with penile colour Doppler ultrasound during basic and dynamic phases (10 microg PGE1) before and after chronic self-administration of sildenafil citrate (dosage: 100 mg as required, two to three times a week) for a period of 5-20 months (mean: 12.3). Treatment was interrupted 14-21 days before the second ultrasound evaluation. Peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) were recorded by means of colour Doppler; cut off values were 25 and 5 cm s(-1) respectively. Data were compared by nonparametric tests. Twenty-two of the 30 patients showed normal pre-treatment PSV, while eight of 30 had an insufficient arterial flow. Mean pre-treatment EDV was 4.7 +/- 0.5. After chronic therapy with sildenafil, a global improvement of 10.5% on PSV was seen (P < 0.001), without any statistical difference between patients with normal pre-treatment peak and those with a borderline one. No statistically significant changes were found for EDV (P = 0.98). It is concluded that chronic therapy with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor results in a significant improvement in PSV values, probably due to a penile chronic vasoactive enhancement.     

Diagnostic value of nitric oxide, lipoprotein(a), and malondialdehyde levels in the peripheral venous and cavernous blood of diabetics with erectile dysfunction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the single most common cause of erectile dysfunction (ED) seen in clinical practice. Evaluation of penile arterial insufficiency in diabetic patients currently entails expensive and invasive testing. We assessed the diagnostic value of certain peripheral and cavernous blood markers as predictors of penile arterial insufficiency in diabetic men with ED. This study was conducted on a total of 51 subjects in three groups: 26 impotent diabetics, 15 psychogenic impotent men and 10 normal age matched control males. All subjects underwent standard ED evaluation including estimation of postprandial blood sugar and serum lipid profile. Peripheral venous levels of nitric oxide (NO), lipoprotein(a) (LP(a)), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were obtained in all subjects. Patients in the two impotent groups underwent additional measurement of NO, LP(a) and MDA levels in cavernous blood. They also underwent intracavernosal injection (ICI) of a trimix (papaverine, prostaglandin E1 and phentolamine mixture) and pharmaco-penile duplex ultrasonography (PPDU). Compared to patients in the psychogenic group, diabetic men had significantly lower erectile response to ICI (P<0.001), lower peak systolic velocity (PSV) (P<0.001), and smaller increase in cavernosal artery diameter (CAD) (P<0.001). Peripheral and cavernous levels of both LP(a) and MDA were higher in the diabetic group as compared to the psychogenic ED group (P<0.001), while the values of peripheral venous and cavernous NO were lower (P<0.001) in the diabetic men. Comparison of biochemical marker assays with the PPDU results showed a significant negative correlation between both venous and cavernous LP(a) and MDA levels on the one hand, and PSV, and the percentage of CAD increase on the other. At the same time, peripheral and cavernous NO levels had a significant positive correlation with the same parameters. Lipoprotein(a), MDA and NO levels were better predictors of low PSV than HbA1c, cholesterol or triglyceride levels. The finding of high levels of LP(a) and MDA with low levels of NO in the peripheral and cavernous venous blood of diabetic men with ED correlates strongly with severity of ED as measured by PPDU. This provides a rationale for further studies of biochemical markers as a surrogate for traditional invasive testing in the diagnosis of penile arterial insufficiency.     

Incidence of extragenital vascular disease in patients with erectile dysfunction of arterial origin

This research was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of carotid and/or lower limb artery abnormalities in patients with arterial erectile dysfunction (ED). To this end, patients with ED (Andrology Unit) or suspected peripheral atherosclerosis (Angiology Unit) underwent an independent and parallel echo-Duplex examination. The Andrology Unit examined 167 patients with ED of different etiologies: 52 of them had penile artery insufficiency and consequently their carotids and lower limb arteries had to be evaluated by means of echo-Doppler. In all, 36 out of the 46 patients with nonarterial organic ED and 22 out of the 69 patients with nonorganic ED underwent the same evaluation and served as controls. The Angiology Unit enrolled 457 ED patients who initially underwent echo-Doppler for suspected carotid and/or arterial leg atherosclerosis and subsequently dynamic echo-Doppler. Isolated penile artery insufficiency was found in 23.1 and 25% of the patients evaluated in the Angiology and Andrology Units, respectively. The remaining patients were shown to have ED associated with an atheroma or marked intima-media thickness of the carotid vessels and/or of leg arteries. The frequency of penile arterial insufficiency and of carotid and/or lower limb artery abnormalities was significantly higher (P < 0.01) compared to that found in patients with ED of nonarterial organic or psychogenic origin. Both Units found that the frequency of penile artery insufficiency and carotid or lower limb artery abnormalities was significantly higher than that of penile artery insufficiency alone or plus both carotid and lower limb artery abnormalities. This study showed that penile artery insufficiency is associated with carotid and/or lower limb artery ultrasound abnormalities in about 75% of the cases. Therefore, arterial ED may be regarded as a sign of a more generalized atherosclerosis.     

Cavernospongious shunts: anatomical study of intrapenile vascular pathways.

OBJECTIVES: The reality of cavernospongious shunts has never been confirmed and their role in penile erection remains undetermined. We aim to describe the intrapenile vascular anatomy as the precise nature of the connections between the corpus spongiosum, the glans and the corpora cavernosa remains unknown. METHODS: Ten human penises were removed from adult male cadavers 8 days after arterial casting with latex. In four specimens coloured latex was injected into the corpus spongiosum. Ex situ microdissection was performed to analyse the origin and distribution of the penile arteries. The anastomotic arterial pathways were dissected. RESULTS: In all the specimens, 6-10 anastomoses were found between the cavernous arteries (a. profundae penis) and the spongious arterial network. These arteries arose at regular intervals from the cavernous arteries and perforated the tunica albuginea vertically to anastomose with urethral arteries (a. urethralis). No arteriovenous shunts were found between the corpus spongiosum and the corpora cavernosa, nor was there any venous drainage from the corpus spongiosum entering the corpora cavernosa. CONCLUSION: These shunts are arteries connecting the urethral and cavernous arteries. Cavernospongious arterial anastomoses were found in all the cadavers dissected. Further studies are needed to determine their role in penile erection.