肾移植术后抗HLA抗体升高对移植肾功能的慢性损害作用

目的 探讨肾移植术后抗HLA抗体升高对移植肾功能的慢性损害作用.方法 采用免疫荧光液相芯片技术检测57例肾移植术后半年以上受者的抗HLA抗体水平,根据抗HLA抗体水平的不同,将受者分为抗HIA抗体(≥10%)阳性组和抗HLA抗体(＜10%)阴性组.再根据阳性组中抗HLA抗体类别的不同,将受者分为抗HLA-Ⅰ类抗体阳性、Ⅱ类抗体阴性(Ⅰ+Ⅱ+)组,抗HLA-Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类抗体均阳性(Ⅰ+Ⅱ+)组和抗HLA-Ⅰ类抗体阴性、Ⅱ类抗体阳性(Ⅰ-Ⅱ+)组.观察和比较各组受者的临床资料和血肌酐(Cr)水平,并进行统计学分析.结果 57例受者中,抗HLA抗体阴性组41例(71.9%),阳性组16例(28.1%);阳性组中,Ⅰ+Ⅱ-组和Ⅰ+Ⅱ+组受者各3例,I-II'组10例.抗HLA抗体阴性组和阳性组受者的肾移植术后时间分别为(4.55±3.16)年和(6.64±3.66)年(P＜0.5),随着术后时间的延长,抗HLA抗体阳性者呈上升趋势.抗HLA抗体阴性组有13例(31.7%)血Cr异常,平均血Cr水平为(92.12±27.52)μmol/L;阳性组有13例(81.3%)血Cr异常,平均血Cr水平为(191.1±119.95)μmaol/L,其中又以Ⅰ+Ⅱ+组的受者血Cr水平最高,为(213.00±165.38)μmol/L,与抗HLA抗体阴性组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 抗HLA抗体升高是影响肾移植预后的重要标志物;尤其是抗HLA-Ⅱ类抗体升高对移植肾功能有慢性损害作用.     

Luminex技术与ELISA方法检测抗HLA抗体在肾移植急性排斥反应中的应用

目的 探讨用Luminex技术与酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法检测肾移植受者抗HLA抗体的结果差异及其与移植后早期急性排斥反应(AR)的关系.方法 以2010年10月至2012年10月接受亲属活体肾移植的34例受者为研究对象,术前采集受者血清,同时应用Luminex技术与ELISA方法进行抗HLA-Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类抗体检测,并且记录术后早期AR发生情况.结果 用Luminex技术检测抗HLA-Ⅰ类抗体阳性率为41.2％(14/34),检测抗HLA-Ⅱ类抗体阳性率为38.2％(13/34);用ELISA方法检测抗HLA-Ⅰ类抗体阳性率为2.9％(1/34),检测抗HLA-Ⅱ类抗体阳性率为8.8％(3/34);两种方法检测抗HLA-Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类抗体阳性率的差异有统计学意义(x2=14.46,P＜0.05;x2 =8.17,P＜0.05).用Luminex技术检测18例术前抗体阳性者中有8例术后早期发生AR(占44.4％);16例术前抗体阴性者中,有2例术后早期发生AR(占12.5％).用ELISA方法检测4例术前抗体阳性者中,有3例术后早期发生AR(占75.0％);30例术前抗体阴性者中,有7例术后早期发生AR(占23.3％).结论 Luminex技术检测肾移植受者抗HLA抗体的检出阳性率高于ELISA方法,对于移植后早期AR的监测可以提供有用的信息.     

抗人类白细胞抗原抗体对肾移植术后长期存活受者移植肾功能的影响

目的研究抗HLA抗体对肾移植术后长期存活受者移植肾功能的影响。方法回顾性分析1993至2006年于首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院行肾移植,并于2007年检测抗HLA抗体为阳性的143例受者临床资料。受者均于2010至2011年再次检测群体反应性抗体,观察肾功能和存活情况。结果 143例受者中,抗HLA-Ⅰ类抗体阳性13例,抗HLA-Ⅱ类抗体阳性107例,抗HLA-Ⅰ+Ⅱ类抗体阳性23例。截至2014年10月,上述3组抗体阳性受者中,移植肾失功和肾功能下降受者比例分别为61.5%(8/13)、42.0%(45/107)和87.0%(20/23)。3种类型抗体阳性受者发生肾功能异常比例差异具有统计学意义(χ2=14.3,P0.05),抗HLA-Ⅱ类抗体阳性受者中肾功能异常比例低于抗HLA-Ⅰ+Ⅱ类抗体阳性受者,差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.3,P0.017)。结论抗HLA-Ⅰ+Ⅱ类抗体对长期存活受者的移植肾功能影响大于抗HLA-Ⅱ类抗体。     

肾移植术后特异性HLA抗体对急性排斥的影响

目的评价肾移植术后特异性HLA抗体对移植肾急性排斥的影响.方法采用前瞻性队列研究,通过酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测136例肾移植患者围手术期特异性HLA抗体水平,随访观察HLA抗体对急性排斥的影响.结果术后HLA抗体阳性组急性排斥发生率高于阴性组(32.65%vs13.79%,P=0.000).按照HLA-Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类抗体水平分组后,移植肾无排斥存活率依次为HLA-Ⅰ-/Ⅱ-组＞HLA-Ⅰ-/Ⅱ+组＞HLA-Ⅰ+/Ⅱ-组＞HLA-Ⅰ+/Ⅱ+组(P=0.03).结论术后特异性HLA抗体可能是引起移植肾急性排斥的原因之一,HLA-Ⅰ类抗体与急性排斥关系较为密切.     

肾移植受者术前测定抗HLA-IgG抗体的临床意义

目的　研究肾移植受者术前抗HLA IgG抗体水平的临床意义。 方法　采用酶联免疫吸附法 (ELISA)检测 184例肾移植受者术前抗HLA IgG抗体水平。分析抗HLA IgGI类抗体、Ⅱ类抗体阳性与急性排斥反应发生的关系。结果　肾移植受者术前抗HLA IgG抗体阴性者 15 5例 ,其中18例发生排斥反应 ,发生率 11.6 % ;抗HLA IgGⅠ类抗体阳性者 7例 ,2例发生排斥反应 ,发生率2 8.5 7% ;抗HLA IgGⅡ类抗体阳性者 9例 ,4例发生排斥反应 ,发生率4 4 .4 4 % ;Ⅰ类抗体、Ⅱ类抗体均阳性者 13例 ,8例发生排斥反应 ,发生率 6 1.5 3% ,与阴性对照组比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　肾移植受者术前抗HLA IgG抗体阳性与术后排斥反应发生率密切相关 ,提示术前检测抗HLA IgG抗体具有重要的临床意义 ,可以预测排斥反应及指导治疗。     

原位肝移植术后胆道铸型综合征的预防和处理

目的探讨供肝切取过程中,门静脉灌注液对原位肝移植术后发生胆道铸型综合症的预防价值,以及胆道镜在临床处理胆道铸型综合症中的应用。方法回顾性分析2002年5月至2003年12月期间的137例原位肝移植患者术后胆道铸型综合症的发生情况;比较供肝门静脉灌注UW液(UW组;65例)和灌注HCA液 UW液(HCA UW组;72例)患者胆道并发症的发生率。总结胆道镜在铸型综合症中的治疗和临床价值。结果137例肝移植受者中有17例(12.4%)在术后1-3个月发生胆道铸型综合症;UW组发生率为20.0%(13/65),HCA UW组发生率为5.56% (4/72),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。17例受者均经胆道镜成功取出胆道内铸型,预后良好。结论供肝切取过程中,门静脉灌注HCA液 UW液,能预防肝移植术后发生胆道铸型综合症。胆道镜可以有效地取出胆道内铸型。     

Luminex技术监测抗HLA抗体对肾移植受者预后的影响

目的探讨Luminex技术检测受者体内抗人类白细胞抗原(HLA)抗体水平在预测肾移植受者预后的价值。方法选取2013年6月至2015年11月在解放军第181医院拟行肾移植患者1 105例(其中354例成功接受肾移植手术),收集肾移植术前、术后血清标本共1 923例次。采用Luminex技术检测术前和术后的抗HLA抗体的阳性率和抗体荧光强度,同时并对移植受者进行移植肾功能检测。结果术前抗HLA抗体阳性血清样本占总数的51.0%(546/1 071),其中抗HLAⅠ类抗体阳性占26.0%(279/1 071),抗HLAⅡ类抗体阳性占24.9%(267/1 071),其中抗HLA抗体Ⅰ、Ⅱ类均为阳性占11.4%(122/1 071)。354例肾移植患者中,术后出现抗HLA抗体者占17%(59/354),其中单独抗HLAⅠ类抗体阳性者25例(术后新发阳性4例),单独抗HLAⅡ类抗体阳性者占15例(术后新发阳性1例),两者皆阳性者19例(术后新发阳性4例)。随访期间,术后抗HLAⅠ类、Ⅱ类及两种抗体均阳性者出现移植肾功能异常者分别为13例、5例和11例,其中术后抗体新发阳性者均出现移植肾功能异常。结论 Luminex技术可动态监测肾移植术后受者抗HLA抗体水平,而抗HLA抗体阳性对预测肾移植受者预后有重要的价值。     

抗HLA和抗MICA抗体的表达对移植肾功能和急性排斥反应的预示作用

目的 探讨抗HLA与抗主要组织相容性复合物Ⅰ类链相关基因A(MICA)抗体的表达对移植肾功能和急性排斥反应的预示作用.方法 采用免疫磁珠流式液相芯片技术检测41例肾移植受者移植前后的抗HLA和抗MICA抗体,其中37例接受了1、3、6个月及1、2、3年的动态随访.分析抗HLA和抗MICA抗体的特异性,及其与血清肌酐和排斥反应的相关性.结果 移植前共有9例(22.0%,9/41)预存抗HLA或(和)抗MICA抗体,其巾抗HLA抗体阳性2例(4.9%,2/41),抗MICA抗体阳性6例(14.6%,6/41),抗HLA和抗MICA抗体均阳性1例(2.4%,1/41).另外有5例抗MICA抗体可疑阳性.除1例的抗MICA抗体为供者特异性抗体(DSA)外,其余均为非供者特异性抗体(NDSA).37例随访者中,6例新生抗HLA抗体(16.2%),3例新生抗MICA抗体(8.1%),新生抗HLA抗体者的抗体滴度在随访3年中呈现上升趋势.9例预存抗体的受者,有4例(44.4%,4/9)发生排斥反应;6例新生抗HLA抗体的受者中,有3例(50.0%)发生急性排斥反应,而3例新生抗MICA抗体的受者均无排斥反应发生,二者间的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).新生抗HLA抗体产生较早(术后3 d和7 d)的2例受者均检测到抗HLAⅡ类DSA,其移植肾均因排斥反应而切除.预存抗MICA抗体,且移植后发生排斥反应者在随访的每个时间点上的血清肌酐水平均高于预存抗MICA抗体但无排斥反应者(P＜0.05);移植前抗HLA和抗MICA抗体均阴性者,术后发生排斥反应者在随访的每个时间点上的血清肌酐水平均高于抗体阴性且无排斥反应者(P＜0.01);无论是新生抗HLA抗体还是抗MICA抗体,移植后1个月发生排斥反应者的血肌酐均明显高于抗体阴性且无排斥反应者(P＜0.01).结论 预存和新生抗HLA抗体是移植后发生急性排斥反应的重要因素,而供、受者HLA和MICA基因错配是产生新生抗体的重要原因.     

动态监测供者特异性抗体与非供者特异性抗体判断移植肾预后的临床意义

目的 动态监测肾移植前后供者HLA特异性抗体(DSA)及非供者HLA特异性抗体(NDSA)的变化,观察其对移植肾预后的影响.方法 采用免疫荧光液相芯片(Luminex)技术检测8例肾移植患者术前HLA基因分型、术前和术后的特异性HLA抗体改变.结果 术前HLA抗体阴性者4例,术后1例并发肺部感染死亡,另3例半年内HLA抗体阴性,肾功能良好.2例移植前后检测HLA抗体阳性,术后半年抗体滴度明显逐渐增高,分离出DR11(DSA);DR12、DQ7、DQ8(NDSA).1例术前存在A11(DSA),A34(NDSA)抗体,术后1个月始NDSA增多,且其分值呈上升趋势.1例术前存在DR.15(DSA)抗体,术后1周发生急性排斥反应行移植肾切除.结论 肾移植前受者存在DSA会导致移植肾急性排斥,特别是存在HLA-Ⅱ类抗体.在随访期间HLA抗体滴度和类型持续升高者,应鉴定其DSA与NDSA类型,尽早采用有效的治疗方法 减少移植肾功能减退及排斥反应的发生和发展.     

肾移植术后血清抗MICA抗体与慢性排斥反应的相关性

目的 探讨肾移植受者的抗MICA抗体水平与慢性排斥反应的相关性及其对移植肾功能的影响.方法 共有105例受者被作为研究对象纳入分析,其中发生慢性排斥反应者(慢排组)43例,移植肾功能正常者(对照组)62例.记录两组受者术前群体反应性抗体(PRA)、HLA抗原错配数、供肾冷缺血时间、出院时血清肌酐(SCr)水平、术后免疫抑制方案以及入组时间(入组时距肾移植手术时间)等资料,并进行比较.受者分组后,抽取受者外周血,检测SCr及抗MICA抗体水平,抗MICA抗体的检测采用Luminex 100免疫磁珠流式细胞仪技术.观察与比较抗MICA抗体阳性受者和抗MICA抗体阴性受者间术后3个月内发生急性排斥反应(AR)的次数和移植肾功能的差异.移植肾功能的评价采用血清肌酐变化率(△SCr/M),即(入组时SCr值-出院时SCr值)/入组时间.结果 两组受者在性别、年龄、HLA抗原错配数、供肾冷缺血时间、术后免疫抑制方案、出院时SCr水平及入组时间的比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).分组后,慢排组受者SCr水平和抗MICA抗体阳性受者比例均明显高于对照组,两组比较,差别均有统计学意义(P＜0.01,表1).抗MICA抗体阳性受者术后3个月内发生的AR次数明显多于抗MICA抗体阴性受者,二者比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).抗MICA抗体阳性受者的△SCr/M为8.3±3.6,明显高于抗MICA抗体阴性受者的2.4±2.6,二者比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 抗MICA抗体的表达与慢性排斥反应的发生相关,移植前进行MICA配型可减少术后移植肾慢性排斥反应的发生,有助于延长移植肾的长期存活.     

肝移植术后胆道铸型综合征的临床表现与病理分型

目的 总结肝移植术后胆道铸型综合征(BCS)的病理分型与临床表现.方法 回顾性分析103例肝移植术后BCS患者的临床表现、辅助检查、治疗方案及转归.患者通过纤维胆道镜检查,按照胆道上皮损伤程度分出不同类型.全部病例随访12个月,统计各组非吻合口狭窄的发生时间、部位及程度.结果 103例BCS患者中,武警总医院发生59例,该院总BCS发生率为9.1%.BCS多数有黄疸、尿色深、陶土色大便、皮肤瘙痒及发热等临床症状;部分无临床症状.化验指标可表现为谷氨酸转氨酶、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶、碱性磷酸酶、总胆红素、直接胆红素等升高,外周血白细胞总数升高等.胆道造影可表现为胆道树不同程度的充盈缺损,按照胆道树的形态及充盈缺损的范围,将造影结果归纳为4种类型.纤维胆道镜检查可见固体物质充填于胆道,部分患者伴有胆道上皮坏死.根据胆道镜检查按胆道上皮坏死范围将BCS由轻到重分为6种类型:Ⅰ型14例,Ⅱ型18例,Ⅲ型27例,Ⅳ型23例,Ⅴ型13例,Ⅵ型18例.从Ⅰ型至Ⅳ型患者出现临床症状及胆道狭窄概率逐渐增加,取出BC后需支撑时间逐渐延长,胆道造影见充盈缺损范围逐渐扩大.BCS总病死率13.6%,再次移植病死率44.0%.总治愈率54.0%、总好转率71.0%、总狭窄发生率29.0%.结论 (1)根据胆道镜检查BCS的病理类型主要有6种,临床症状主要有黄疸、发热等,胆道造影主要有4种表现.(2)临床症状及胆道造影表现主要取决于病理类型.     

不同冷保存时间的热缺血供肝在肝移植中的疗效

目的 探讨不同冷保存时间的热缺血供肝在肝移植中的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2006年1月至2007年12月中山大学附属第一医院收治的154例肝移植受者采用热缺血时间≤10 min的无心跳供者肝脏进行肝移植的疗效.根据冷保存时间将患者分为3组:<8 h为Ⅰ组,58例;8～12 h为Ⅱ组,62例;>12 h为Ⅲ组,34例.采用方差分析、t检验和X~2检验分析3组肝移植术后ALT峰值、并发症、移植肝存活和受者生存情况的差异.结果 3组受者术后均未发生原发性移植肝无功能.随访时间8～32个月,Ⅰ组受者的ALT峰值、感染发生率、胆道并发症发生率、移植肝存活率和生存率分别为(482±357)U/L、12%(7/58)、12%(7/58)、86%(50/58)和88%(51/58),Ⅲ组受者分别为(1274±608)U/L、29%(10/34)、26%(9/34)、68%(23/34)和71%(24/34),两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=5.X~2=4.28,6.77,4.51,4.28,P<0.05);而Ⅱ组受者仅ALT峰值达到(953±424)U/L,与Ⅰ组比较差异有统计学意义(t=4.76,P<0.05).结论 热缺血时间≤10 min的供肝能够耐受12 h的冷保存损伤,超过此时限,移植术后胆道并发症和感染的发生率显著升高,移植肝存活率和受者生存率显著降低.     

Biliary complications in relation to the technique of biliary reconstruction in adult liver transplant recipients

Biliary complications are known as a weak point of liver transplantation. Their occurrence can be related to the practice of draining the biliary anastomosis performed at the time of transplantation. At our institution, routine of anastomotic biliary drainage was abandoned in June 2004. AIM: We sought to assess the occurrence and character of biliary complications following orthotopic liver transplantation in relation to the technique of anastomosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In two groups of transplantees: last 100 transplantations with biliary drainage (48 females and 52 males aged 17 to 64 years) and last 100 transplantations without drainage (52 females and 48 males aged 18 to 67 years). The results of treatment were compared, for biliary complications and their influence on further management. In both groups, the main indications for transplantation were various types of cirrhosis as well as cholestatic diseases. In most cases (167) we performed a cholangiojejunal Roux-en-Y (CBD) end-to-end anastomosis, less commonly (33 cases) hepaticojejunal anastomoses. RESULTS: In the first group, biliary complications (bile leak at the site of drainage, bile leak after T-tube removal, CBD strictures) requiring surgical or endoscopic intervention, occurred in 17% recipients. In one case, the biliary complication resulted in retransplantation. In the second group, biliary complications occurred in 11% patients. None of them caused organ loss. CONCLUSION: Abandoning drainage of the biliary anastomosis has reduced the occurrence of early biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation.     

Influence of HLA compatibility on success with living-related pediatric liver transplantation

It is not clear how HLA compatibility influences acute rejection and postoperative complications in cadaveric liver transplantation. Even less is known about this factor in pediatric living-related liver transplantation (LRLT). This research assessed HLA compatibility relative to rejection rates and complications in pediatric LRLT. The study retrospectively investigated data from 14 pediatric LRLTs in which the donor and recipient HLA genotypes were determined preoperatively. Three recipients (21.4%) developed biliary complications (two biliary leakage, one bile duct stenosis). Three others (21.4%) developed vascular complications (two hepatic artery thrombosis, one hepatic artery stenosis). Eight recipients (57.1%) were diagnosed with acute rejection. The incidence of acute rejection was not correlated with the number of HLA mismatches (P > .05), or with the number of HLA class I mismatches (P > .05); however, it was negatively correlated with number of HLA class II mismatches (P = .02). Arterial and biliary complications were not correlated with any of these categories of HLA compatibility. In conclusion, the data from this small group of patients provided no evidence that closeness of donor-recipient HLA matching influences outcome in pediatric LRLT.     

肾移植患者术前输血与再次移植致抗体生成的比较

目的 研究肾移植患者术前输血与再次移植导致抗体生成的机率.方法 自2002年4月～2006年12月共检测了肾移植前1810例患者群体反应性抗体,其中输血200 mL以上患者509人,男性185人,女性324人;再移植患者136人,男性93人,女性43人.PRA检测采用美国One lanmbda公司和美国GTI公司提供的ELISA筛选人类白细胞抗原(human leucocyte antigen,HLA-Ⅰ),类、HLA-Ⅱ类混合抗原板.鉴定抗体类型采用采用美国One lanmbda公司鉴定抗原板(LAT-1240).结果 移植前输血患者509例,88例PRA阳性,占输血人数的17.28%,其中男性患者占4.32%,女性患者占12.97%.再次移植前患者136例,97例PRA阳性,占71.32%;其中男性患者占50%,女性患者占21.32%.肾移植术前输血患者PRA出现机率较高的抗HLA-Ⅰ类抗体有抗HLA-A1、A2、A3、A11和A24抗体;抗HLA-B13、1327、B60、B22、B51和B17.抗HLAII类抗体在输血患者中未能检测出较高反应抗体.再次移植前患者PRA出现机率较高的抗HLA-Ⅰ类抗体有抗HLA-A2、A11和A24抗体;抗HLA-B13、B5和B40.抗HLA-Ⅱ类抗体出现机率较高有抗HLA-DR1、4、7、8、15抗体.结论 再次移植前患者产生抗HLA-抗体的机率高于肾移植术前输血患者,而且产生的抗HLA强度和类型比输血患者更复杂,因此再次移植患者术后更易发生排斥反应.     

不同热缺血时间的无心跳供肝在肝移植中应用的疗效评价

目的:探讨不同热缺血时间的无心跳供肝在临床肝移植中应用的疗效。方法:回顾性分析142例冷保存时间在12h之内的不同热缺血时间的无心跳供肝肝移植患者的临床资料, 根据热缺血时间分为3组：Ⅰ组为5 min之内, 43例; Ⅱ组为5～10 min, 77例; Ⅲ组为10～15 min, 22例。比较3组间肝移植术后谷丙转氨酶（ALT）峰值、原发性移植肝无功能、急性排斥反应、胆道并发症、血管并发症、感染以及移植肝存活和受体存活的差异。结果:3组患者术后均未发生原发性移植肝无功能。Ⅱ组术后ALT峰值及感染发生率显著高于Ⅰ组; 而Ⅲ组术后ALT峰值、胆道并发症发生率、血管并发症发生率及感染发生率均显著升高。随访 8~32个月。Ⅲ组移植肝存活率及受体存活率均降低, 与Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组比较, 差异均有统计学意义。结论:冷保存时间在12 h之内的无心跳供肝能耐受热缺血的安全时限为10 min; 热缺血时间大于10 min的供肝, 移植术后相关并发症发生率显著增加, 移植肝和受体存活率显著降低。     

Liver transplantation for Budd-Chiari syndrome: A challenging but handable procedure

BackroundEstablishing venous outflow in liver transplantation for patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome is crucial and requires various surgical techniques. The outcomes of these patients exibits distinct problems including vasculary thrombosis and biliary complications.MethodsIn this single center study, the outcomes and surgical features of 33 patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome who were carried out liver translantation (27 patients from living donor). Another group was formed among patients underwent liver transplantation due to other etiologies and the outcomes were compared.ResultsThe most-seen type was the classical type of Budd-Chiari syndrome (25, 75.8%). For twenty-six patients inherited or acquired prothrombotic disorders were identified (78.2%) in Budd-Chiari group. Average follow-up was 29.7 ± 15.5 months. We have observed no recurrence of disease in our BCS patients. When the two groups was compared in terms of thrombotic complications, there was a significantly increased risk in BCS group (p = 0.014). Our 1 and 3-year survival rates for the BCS group were 81.8% and 78.8%, respectively. In the control group, 1 and 3-year survival rates were 93.3% and 88.9%, respectively. Log-rank test analyses showed no statistically significant results.ConclusionLiver transplantation with individual surgical and postoperative treatment strategy for patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome provides comparable outcomes.     

Continuous versus interrupted suture for end-to-end biliary anastomosis during liver transplantation gives equal results.

Biliary complications following orthotopic liver transplantation have been reported in 10% to 30% of patients. Most surgeons perform an end-to-end choledochocholedochostomy with interrupted sutures for biliary reconstruction. The goal of this study was to compare biliary complications between interrupted suture (IS) and continuous suture (CS) techniques during liver transplantation in which an end-to-end choledochocholedochostomy over an internal biliary stent was performed. A retrospective cohort study of 100 consecutive liver transplants occurring between December 2003 and July 2005 was conducted. An end-to-end choledochocholedochostomy over an internal biliary stent was performed during liver transplantation. Data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods, t tests, and chi-square tests of proportions. IS and CS techniques were used in 59 and 41 patients, respectively, for biliary reconstruction during liver transplantation. Mean follow-up time for the CS group was 17 +/- 8 months and 15 +/- 7 months for the IS group (P = .21). The overall biliary complication rate was 15%. There was no difference in the proportion of leaks (CS = 7.3%, IS = 8.5%; P = .83) or strictures (CS = 9.8%, IS = 5.1%; P = .37) between groups. Kaplan-Meier event rates show no difference in leaks (P = .79), strictures (P = .41), graft survival (P = .52), and patient survival (P = .32) by anastomosis type. In conclusion, there was no difference in biliary complications, graft survival, or patient survival between the 2 groups. CS and IS techniques for biliary reconstruction during liver transplantation yield comparable outcomes.     

Randomized trial of choledochocholedochostomy with or without a T tube in orthotopic liver transplantation

OBJECTIVE: To compare the incidence of biliary complications after liver transplantation in patients undergoing choledochocholedochostomy reconstruction with or without T tube in a multicenter, prospective, randomized trial. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Several reports have suggested that biliary anastomosis without a T tube is a safe method of biliary reconstruction that could avoid complications related to the use of T tubes. No large prospective randomized trial has so far been published to compare the two techniques. METHODS: One hundred eighty recipients of orthotopic liver transplantation were randomly assigned to choledochocholedochostomy with (n = 90) or without (n = 90) a T tube in six French liver transplantation centers. All types of biliary complications were taken into account. RESULTS: The overall biliary complication rate was increased in the T-tube group, even though these complications did not lead to an increase in surgical or radiologic therapeutic procedures. The major significant complication was cholangitis in the T-tube group; this did not occur in the other group. The incidence of biliary fistula was 10% in the T-tube group and 2.2% in the group without a T tube. Other biliary complications were similar. The complication rate of cholangiography performed with the T tube was greater than with other types of biliary exploration. The graft and patient survival rates were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSION: This study is the first large prospective, randomized trial of biliary complications with or without a T tube. The authors found an increase in the biliary complication rate in the T-tube group, which was linked to minor complications. The T tube did not provide a safer access to the biliary tree compared with the others types of biliary explorations. The authors recommend the performance of choledochocholedochostomy without a T tube in liver transplantation.