淋巴浆细胞淋巴瘤/华氏巨球蛋白血症14例临床病理分析

目的探讨淋巴浆细胞淋巴瘤/华氏巨球蛋白血症(lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenstr?m’s macroglobulinemia, LPL/WM)的临床病理学特征。方法回顾性分析14例LPL/WM的临床资料、实验室检查、病理学检查及MYD88 L256P基因突变状况。结果 14例LPL/WM中男性11例,女性3例,中位年龄59岁;12例有肝脏或脾脏肿大,11例有淋巴结肿大。13例贫血,13例分泌单克隆IgMκ,1例分泌单克隆IgMλ,14例均有肿瘤性细胞累及骨髓与MYD88 L256P基因突变。淋巴结活检显示淋巴结结构部分存在,均可见开放的淋巴窦。肿瘤性细胞由数量不等的小淋巴细胞、浆样淋巴细胞及浆细胞组成。其中1例在同一淋巴结内可见两类肿瘤性细胞:(1)以浸润淋巴窦为特征的大淋巴细胞;(2)浸润副皮质区和边缘窦的小淋巴细胞、浆样淋巴细胞及浆细胞。免疫表型:11例CD20弥漫阳性,10例限制性表达轻链Kappa,1例限制性表达轻链Lambda;2例CD23阳性,CD10、CD5均阴性,Ki-67增殖指数5%～30%;在同一淋巴结内可见两类肿瘤性细胞:大淋巴细胞中CD20、CD30、MUM1、BCL-2均阳性,Ki-67增殖指数80%;小淋巴细胞中CD20、CD38、CD138、MUM1呈条索状或灶状阳性,Ki-67增殖指数20%。骨髓流式细胞免疫表型:14例小淋巴细胞中CD20、CD19、CD22及sIgM均阳性,2例CD23阳性,CD10及CD5均阴性;浆细胞中CD19、CD138、CD38及CD45均阳性,CD56均阴性。结论 LPL/WM尚无特异性的诊断指标,属于排除性诊断,需与其他小B细胞淋巴瘤尤其是伴浆细胞分化的小B细胞淋巴瘤鉴别。明确诊断需结合其他实验室检查(骨髓细胞形态学、流式免疫表型特征、免疫固定电泳及MYD88 L265P突变检查)。     

鼻腔鼻窦EBV阳性浆细胞瘤7例临床病理分析

目的 探讨鼻腔鼻窦EBV阳性浆细胞瘤的临床病理学特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法 采用免疫组化、EBER原位杂交、分子病理对7例发生于鼻腔鼻窦EBV阳性浆细胞瘤进行检测,分析其临床病理学特征、免疫表型、诊断及鉴别诊断等并复习相关文献。结果 7例肿瘤细胞呈浆细胞性分化,弥漫实性生长,具有不同的分化成熟度,甚至呈间变性或浆母细胞样形态特征。免疫表型：肿瘤细胞CD79a、MUM1、CD138和CD38均阳性,CD20和PAX-5均阴性,Ki-67增殖指数在分化成熟组为10%～20%,分化不成熟组为40%～90%。EBER原位杂交和Ig基因重排检测均阳性,并可见轻链限制性表达(κ或λ)。C-myc基因断裂重组检测均阴性。结论 EBV感染对肿瘤的形态和增殖活性具有一定的影响,但对浆细胞瘤发病机制和发展的影响仍需进一步观察。     

胃浆细胞瘤1例并文献复习

目的：探讨胃浆细胞瘤的临床病理特点、免疫表型及鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析1例胃浆细胞瘤的临床病理学特征并复习相关文献。结果患者无特异性临床表现, CT、MRI等影像学检查可辅助诊断,确诊依赖于病理学检查。免疫表型：瘤细胞表达 CK、CD38、CD138、CD79a、CK8/18、CK8、CAM5.2、Ki-67,不表达EMA、CK20、CgA、Syn、CD3、CD20、κ及CEA。结论胃浆细胞瘤是一种罕见的恶性肿瘤,CT、MRI及免疫组化检查有助于诊断。病理诊断上应与低分化腺癌、浆细胞肉芽肿、原发性恶性淋巴瘤、转移性癌等相鉴别。     

间变性浆细胞肿瘤21例临床病理学分析

目的 探讨间变性浆细胞肿瘤(anaplastic plasma cell tumors, APCN)的临床病理学特征、诊断及鉴别诊断和预后。方法 收集21例APCN的临床资料，分析其临床特点、组织学特征、免疫表型及分子病理学改变，并复习相关文献。结果 21例APCN中男性15例，女性6例，平均年龄63岁(26～92岁)。其中11例为浆细胞骨髓瘤，主要表现为多发性骨质破坏伴软组织影，骨髓活检显示浆细胞异常增生，血清学检查可见单克隆免疫球蛋白；8例为骨外孤立性浆细胞瘤，临床表现为局部软组织肿块，主要发生于鼻腔鼻咽等部位；2例为骨的孤立性浆细胞瘤，发生在枕骨和椎骨。组织学上肿瘤细胞呈弥漫片状分布；细胞大小不一，呈圆形或不规则形，胞质嗜碱性；细胞核偏位或呈分叶状，可见粗大的染色质团块及多核细胞，核仁明显，并可见核内包涵体；核分裂象和凋亡坏死易见；此外可出现成熟性浆细胞瘤样分化的肿瘤细胞。免疫表型：肿瘤细胞CD38、CD138和MUM1均阳性，CD79a部分阳性，CD20均阴性；19例免疫球蛋白多呈轻链限制性，其中κ链11例，λ链8例；Ki-67增殖指数20%～80%。3例鼻腔鼻咽部APCN肿瘤...     

具有浆母细胞特征的B细胞肿瘤5例临床病理分析

目的探讨浆母细胞性淋巴瘤(plasmablastic lymphoma,PBL)和间变性浆细胞瘤(anaplastic plasma cell myeloma,APCM)的临床特点、组织学特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法收集5例患者的临床资料,观察其临床特点、组织学形态及免疫表型。结果镜下肿瘤细胞呈弥漫性生长伴星空现象。胞质丰富,嗜碱性;细胞核偏位,内含一个或多个核仁。肿瘤内有大量凋亡小体,核分裂象常见,有时可见成熟浆细胞。免疫表型:5例均表达一种或多种浆细胞标志物(CD38、CD138、MUM1),不表达CD20。例2、3表达CD79a。结论PBL多见于HIV感染或有免疫缺陷病的患者,EBER阳性,Ki-67增殖指数高( 80%)。APCM通常表现为多发性溶骨性破坏,血清出现单克隆免疫球蛋白,EBER阴性,Ki-67增殖指数低。PBL与APCM治疗原则及预后亦不相同,因此鉴别两者需充分结合患者临床资料,对指导临床治疗具有重要意义。     

右肾原发性髓外浆细胞瘤1例

肾原发性髓外浆细胞瘤是一种罕见的发生于骨髓外的浆细胞单克隆增生性惰性淋巴瘤。本文报道1例原发于肾脏的髓外浆细胞瘤。腹腔镜下右肾输尿管根治性切除术,术后病理组织形态表现为肿瘤由分化较成熟的具有浆细胞特征的瘤细胞构成,细胞形状大小均匀一致,呈圆形或卵圆形,核偏位,光镜下呈现车辐状。免疫组织化学CD38、CD79α、MUM1...     

骨孤立性浆细胞瘤的临床病理分析

目的 探讨骨孤立性浆细胞瘤(SPB)的临床病理特征,了解免疫表型在SPB的病理诊断和鉴别诊断中的意义和作用.方法 收集1990-2008年21例SPB的临床病理资料并进行回顾性分析,应用免疫组织化学(EnVision或EliVision法)检测17种抗原的表达情况,并用半套式PCR技术,以免疫球蛋白重链通用型引物,以及BIOMED-2系统引物IgK和IgL进行免疫球蛋白基因重排检测.结果 21例SPB患者年龄36～72岁,中位年龄50岁.主要病变部位为中轴骨骼(14例,66.7%),其次为四肢骨骼(7例,33.3%).5例有血清Ig升高,其中3例为IgA型,2例为IgG型.临床表现与肿瘤部位有关,有局部疼痛、脊神经压迫征和病理性骨折等.所有病例均表现为局部孤立性占位病变伴骨质破坏.组织学分级:21例中Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ级者分别为12例(57.1%)、5例(23.8%)和4例(19.0%).免疫表型:所有病例之瘤细胞均表达两种及以上浆细胞抗原,如CD138、CD38和浆细胞抗体;均不表达CD19和CD20,CD79a表达率为23.8%(5/21).CD56、CD27和CD44v6的表达率分别为57.1%(12/21)、15.0%(3/20)和23.8%(5/21).21例SPB中12例(57.1%)检出IgH基因克隆性重排.12例(57.1%)有随访,7例死亡,5例存活;其中3例发展为多发性骨髓瘤并已死亡.结论 SPB以骨的孤立性占位伴疼痛为其临床特征,诊断需排除多发性骨髓瘤髓外浸润之可能.免疫表型及Ig基因重排检测在该肿瘤的诊断中起重要作用.     

淋巴瘤样丘疹病临床病理分析

目的 探讨淋巴瘤样丘疹病(LyP)的临床病理特征、免疫表型及预后.方法 分析13例LyP的临床病理资料,用LSAB法、EliVision法行T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞、活化淋巴细胞和细胞毒性等12种免疫组织化学标记,原位杂交检测EB病毒.结果 13例LyP中男6例,女7例,平均年龄26.4岁,皮损多表现为四肢、躯干无症状的多发性丘疹、结节.组织学分型:A型6例,B型1例,c型6例,主要在真皮与皮下脂肪组织内浸润,主要浸润方式分别为楔形、带状及片状、结节状.13例中8例有瘤细胞亲表皮现象;1例B型无大瘤细胞,余12例的大瘤细胞均表达CD30.13例瘤细胞均表达2～3个T细胞标记(CD3、CD5或CD45RO)及1～3个细胞毒性标记[T细胞胞质内抗原(TIA)-1、粒酶B或穿孔素];13例均表达CD4、4例表达CD8、1例表达CD15、1例表达CD20(局灶阳性),均不表达间变性淋巴瘤激酶(ALK)-1.亲表皮之瘤细胞多为CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~-表型.13例中1例EBER1/2原位杂交阳性.获随访的12例均存活.结论 LyP有独特的临床病理表现和免疫表型,预后较好.A型和C型中亲表皮的瘤细胞均为核扭曲、深染,似覃样霉菌病细胞,推测其与CD30~+大瘤细胞可能来源于不同的克隆群体有关.EB病毒与LyP可能无明确的相关性.     

类似胃肠间质瘤的胃梭形细胞间叶源性肿瘤31例临床病理分析

目的比较发生于胃的类似胃肠间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumor, GIST)的梭形细胞间叶源性肿瘤,探讨其临床病理特征的关系。方法采用HE和免疫组化EnVision两步法检测31例与GIST类似的胃梭形细胞肿瘤,分析各类肿瘤的组织病理学特点、免疫表型及分子病理学特征。结果 31例类似GIST的胃梭形细胞间叶源性肿瘤,分别为平滑肌瘤14例,炎性纤维性息肉9例,神经鞘瘤5例,钙化性纤维性肿瘤1例,炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤1例,恶性周围神经鞘膜瘤1例。31例与GIST类似的梭形细胞肿瘤免疫组化均表达vimentin,不表达CD117和Dog-1;14例平滑肌瘤弥漫表达α-SMA和desmin;9例炎性纤维性息肉弥漫表达CD34;5例神经鞘瘤弥漫表达S-100,局部表达EMA;1例炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤表达α-SMA,局部表达CD34和actin;1例恶性周围神经鞘膜瘤弥漫表达NSE和SOX10,不表达S-100、CD99、CD34、EMA等。31例与GIST类似的梭形细胞肿瘤除1例恶性周围神经鞘膜瘤Ki-67增殖指数约20%,其余Ki-67增殖指数均10%。结论诊断类似GIST的胃梭形细胞间叶源性肿瘤,应综合考虑肿瘤的临床病理特点、免疫表型以及分子病理学特征,避免误诊。     

具有浆母细胞特征的B细胞肿瘤3例临床病理学观察

目的探讨具有浆母细胞特征的B细胞肿瘤的临床病理特点、组织学特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法应用光镜观察、免疫组化染色、原位杂交对3例少见的具有浆母细胞特点的B细胞肿瘤[浆母细胞性淋巴瘤(plasmablastic lymphoma,PBL)、浆母细胞性浆细胞骨髓瘤(plasmablastic plasma cell myeloma,PPCM)和间变性浆细胞骨髓瘤(anaplastic plasma cell myeloma,APCM)]进行临床病理学分析。结果 PBL患者具有免疫异常的病史,PPCM和APCM临床上有多发溶骨性破坏,血清免疫球蛋白升高,PBL、PPCM和APCM均具有浆母细胞的特征,PBL和APCM还可见免疫母细胞样肿瘤细胞。3例免疫组化均表达CD38、CD138、MUM1,不表达CD20、PAX5,Ki-67增殖指数高,EBER均阴性。其中1例浆细胞骨髓瘤(plasma cell myeloma,PCM)由分化成熟的普通型进展为浆母细胞型。结论 PBL、PPCM和APCM都具有浆母细胞的特征,三者组织形态学和免疫表型均相似,鉴别诊断困难,明确鉴别PBL和PCM对指导临床治疗具有重要意义,诊断应紧密...     

Low CD27 expression in plasma cell dyscrasias correlates with high-risk disease: an immunohistochemical analysis

Genome-wide expression studies using complementary DNA microarrays recently suggested a number of intriguing candidate genes for distinguishing plasma cell dyscrasias. Our objective was to test select markers using immunohistochemical analysis and a tissue microarray from paraffin-embedded bone marrow core biopsy specimens obtained from 8 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, 17 with plasmacytoma, 160 with multiple myeloma, and 15 with plasma cell leukemia (PCL). We immunostained serial sections for CD138, CD27, CD56, p27, Ki-67, CD3, and CD20. Each core was scored in duplicate by observers blinded to phenotype and reported as the average percentage of CD138+ cells. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine significance between groups. PCL showed significantly less immunostaining for CD27 (P < .01) and p27 (P < .05) compared with plasmacytoma and multiple myeloma. Low CD27 expression also was associated with plasmacytoma progression to multiple myeloma (P <.05). Our results support the hypothesis that low CD27 expression correlates with high-risk disease, including primary PCL and decreased progression-free survival in solitary plasmacytoma.     

弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤中AID蛋白的表达及意义

目的研究活化诱导胞苷脱氨酶(activation-induced cytidine deaminase,AID)在弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large Bcell lymphoma,DLBCL)中的表达,探讨其与DLBCL的临床病理特征、免疫组化亚组及预后的关系。方法采用组织芯片免疫组化法检测101例DLBCL中AID、CD10、BCL-6、MUM1、Ki-67的表达,免疫组化双重染色检测AID与CD20、Ki-67的共定位表达。结果 AID在DLBCL的肿瘤性B细胞中阳性表达率为26.7%。101例DLBCL中,AID阳性表达率在年龄≥60岁患者中明显高于<60岁的患者(P<0.05),AID的表达与患者性别、病变部位、形态学变异型、免疫组化亚组无关(P>0.05)。DLBCL中,AID的表达与B细胞分化标记物CD10、BCL-6和MUM1的表达无相关性(P>0.05),与Ki-67增殖指数(Ki-67>50%)呈正相关(P<0.05)。生存分析表明,AID阳性表达者的5年生存率明显低于AID阴性表达者,两者之间的差异具有统计学意义(P=0.042)。结论 AID的阳性表达与DLBCL的不良预后...     

微囊性/网状神经鞘瘤的临床病理特点

目的 探讨微囊性/网状神经鞘瘤的形态学和免疫表型特点及鉴别诊断.方法 收集1例发生在颈椎的微囊性/网状神经鞘瘤,根据HE切片和免疫组织化学染色观察形态学及免疫表型特点,并复习相关文献.免疫组织化学采用EnVision两步法.结果 患者男,35岁,因颈部不适就诊,影像学检查见颈5椎体破坏,肿块周围有硬化带,考虑良性病变.手术中见椎体破坏,肿瘤无包膜,结节状,质软,大小约3.5 cm×3.0 cm×1.8 cm.镜下观察,肿瘤无明确包膜,结节状分布,细胞学明确呈两种形态,一种类似于普通神经鞘瘤,但局灶细胞显示明显多形性,似神经鞘瘤伴退变,另一区域呈上皮样细胞,呈网状或蕾丝花边样排列,间质伴显著黏液变性.免疫组织化学示两种区域细胞表达一致,强阳性表达波形蛋白、S-100蛋白、胶质纤维酸性蛋白和神经元特异性烯纯化酶,散在表达CD68、CD10和Ki-67,不表达细胞角蛋白、上皮细胞膜抗原、神经微丝、癌胚抗原、平滑肌肌动蛋白、雌孕激素受体和p53.结论 微囊性/网状神经鞘瘤是神经鞘瘤的一种特殊形态学变型,临床罕见,发生在骨内更为罕见,熟悉其组织学特点和免疫表型有助于与脊索瘤和其他黏液性肿瘤或肉瘤鉴别.     

MUM1蛋白在弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤中的表达及意义

目的 探讨弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,DLBCL)中活化的B细胞相关蛋白MUM1的表达与临床病理特征之间的关系.方法 利用组织微阵列免疫组化检测60例DLBCL石蜡包埋组织中MUM1、bcl-6和CD10的表达.结果 60例DLBCL被分为两种抗原表达表型:一种为活化的B细胞表型(A型)表达MUM1;另一种为生发中心B细胞表型(B型),表达CD10和(或)bcl-6但不表达MUM1.60例DLBCL中61.67%为A型,31.67%为B型,其中59.25%中心母细胞型,3/4免疫母细胞型,2/2间变性大B细胞型均为A型.A型在结外和结内DLBCL中分别占61.76%和61.54%,而在胃肠道DLBCL中的比例(47%)显著低于在其他结外DLBCL中的比例(80%,P=0.079).在MUM-1( )/bcl-6( )/CD10( /-)的病例中,75.00%(12/16)为结外DLBCL,高于在MUM-1( )/bcl-6(-)/CD10(-)病例中的比例43.75%(7/16),但差异没有显著性(P=0.149).结论 A型(表达MUM1)在DLBCL中的比例较高,提示MUM1表达很可能与DLBCL组织学变异有关,联合检测CD10和bcl-6,可协助DLBCL分型诊断.     

Human herpesvirus 8‐positive multicentric Castleman disease with germinotropic plasmablastic aggregates: Overlapping spectrum of human herpesvirus 8‐associated lymphoproliferative disorder

The diagnosis of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8)‐associated lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) is challenging because of the rarity and extended spectrum of each entity. A 43‐year‐old, human immunodeficiency virus seropositive, Japanese man was referred to our department because of persistent fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, jaundice and anasarca. Biopsy of a left axially lymph node demonstrated relatively preserved nodal structure with multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) features. In the germinal center, there were aggregates of HHV8‐infected plasmablasts that were diffusely positive for CD38, MUM1/IRF4, LCA, IgM and λ; partially positive for CD30, c‐MYC, p53; and negative for CD138, CD20, PAX‐5, κ, CD2, CD3 and CD5. A small number of Epstein–Barr virus encoded small RNA (EBER)‐positive large cells infiltrated in the outer part of the germinal center and the mantle layer, but the cells copositive for EBER and HHV8 were not evident. We diagnosed the patient as HHV8‐positive MCD with germinotropic plasmablastic aggregates, which demonstrated intermediate pathologic features between HHV8‐positive MCD and germinotropic lymphoproliferative disorder. The pathogenesis of each HHV8‐associated LPD differs in cellular origin, host immune status, cytoplasmic immunoglobulin expression, clonality pattern and EBV infection; however, these factors sometimes overlap and induce extended clinical and pathologic presentations.     

小细胞性骨肉瘤14例临床病理分析

目的探讨小细胞性骨肉瘤的临床特征、影像学表现、病理诊断及鉴别诊断。方法收集14例小细胞性骨肉瘤的临床病理资料,按2002年WHO骨肿瘤分类标准重新复片,进行临床、影像学、病理学特征分析并采用EnVision法行免疫组化染色。结果 14例小细胞性骨肉瘤男女比1∶1。年龄12～73岁(平均34岁,中位29岁)。肿瘤多位于长管状骨干骺端(7/14,50%)。影像学表现以溶骨性骨质破坏为主伴钙化,并见软组织肿块。组织学表现为小～中等的圆形或短梭形肿瘤细胞弥漫性分布,伴有灶性纤细的花边状肿瘤性成骨。免疫表型:vimentin(10/10,100%)、CD99(7/10,70%)、BCL-2(4/10,40%)均呈阳性;S-1OO(2/10,20%)和Syn(2/10,20%)均呈弱阳性。结论小细胞性骨肉瘤为少见、特殊类型的骨肉瘤。小细胞性骨肉瘤的诊断需密切结合临床、影像学及病理特征,需与发生于骨的多种其他类型的小细胞恶性肿瘤鉴别。     

毛细胞黏液样型星形细胞瘤的临床病理学观察

目的探讨毛细胞黏液样型星形细胞瘤的临床病理学特点。方法观察3例毛细胞黏液样型星形细胞瘤的光镜形态,采用EnVision法免疫组织化学标记胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）、CD34、Ki-67,并结合文献复习分析其生物学行为。结果3例均为女性,年龄分别为9个月、10岁和19岁。1例发生于视交叉,2例发生于第三脑室（近鞍区部位）。镜下由双极性的梭形细胞组成,间质内含有大量的黏液。肿瘤内的血管明显增生,部分区域内瘤细胞显示以血管为中心性生长。3例切片内均未见到经典型毛细胞星形细胞瘤中的双相性形态,也未见Rosenthal纤维和嗜酸性颗粒小体。免疫标记显示,瘤细胞强阳性表达GFAP,瘤细胞增殖指数（Ki-67）〈1％。CD34标记显示清晰瘤内增生的血管。结论毛细胞黏液样型星形细胞瘤是毛细胞星形细胞瘤的一种独特亚型,在组织学上与毛细胞星形细胞瘤有不同之处,临床上较毛细胞星形细胞瘤更具有侵袭性。部分病例也可发生于儿童和青少年。GFAP标记有助于该瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断。     

The proliferation center microenvironment and prognostic markers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma

Prognostication in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) based, in part, on ZAP-70 and CD38 expression, and to a lesser extent, on MUM1/IRF4 expression, is currently of great interest. The more aggressive type of CLL/SLL is reportedly characterized by neoplastic cells that are more responsive to B-cell signaling with proliferation centers (PCs), a potentially important site of neoplastic cell stimulation. To study the relationship of these markers to each other and to the pattern of PCs, immunohistochemical stains for ZAP-70 and MUM1/IRF4 were performed and the PC patterns assessed (where possible) in 29 tissue biopsies with CLL/SLL. CD38 expression was assessed in 18 cases using flow cytometry. Ten evaluable cases had a typical PC pattern and 16 an atypical pattern with larger or more confluent PCs and/or more numerous paraimmunoblasts/transformed cells. ZAP-70 was positive in 14 of 28 cases, including 3 with atypical PCs and enhanced PC staining. All 29 cases showed MUM1/IRF4 expression in PCs. Seven cases, none with atypical PC, also showed uniform positivity throughout, 14 showed weaker staining of surrounding lymphocytes, and 8 had PC staining only. CD38 was positive in 14 of 18 cases. The only significant association identified was between uniform MUM1/IRF4 positivity and typical PCs (P = .004). These findings highlight the complex interrelationship of prognostic markers in CLL/SLL and demonstrate potentially important microenvironmental variations in their expression. They support the hypothesis that PCs are a site for B-cell receptor signaling, which helps explain reported site-dependent antigenic variation in CLL/SLL, and suggest that PC morphology may correlate with other biological features.     

Plasmablastic lymphoma may occur as a high-grade transformation from plasmacytoma

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is an uncommon aggressive lymphoma arising most frequently in the oral cavity of HIV-infected patients. Rare cases of PBL have been reported in extraoral sites, particularly extranodal sites, as well as in immunocompetent patients. We report an unusual case of PBL in a 69-year-old, HIV-negative non-immunocompromised man presenting with generalized lymphadenopathy. To our knowledge, this is the first case of PBL presented as primarily generalized lymphadenopathy in HIV-negative patients. Histologic examinations of cervical, inguinal and axillary lymph nodes demonstrated a neoplastic proliferation of large cells with extensive necrosis. The neoplastic cells formed sheets with a relatively cohesive growth pattern interspersed by small lymphocytes and plasma cells. The large tumor cells expressed MUM1, OCT-2 and BOB.1, and were negative for CD138, CD38, AE1/AE3, melan A, PLAP, S100, vimentin, CD117, CD30, ALK-1, leukocyte common antigen (CD45), T-cell, B-cell and histolytic markers, CD56, CD10 and BCL-6. The proliferation index by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry was approaching 100%. In situ hybridization for Epstein–Barr Virus-encoded RNA (EBER) was positive in large malignant cells. A diagnosis of PBL was made. These findings indicate that PBL should be included in the differential diagnosis of an HIV-negative, immunocompetent patient with generalized lymphadenopathy. The adjacent plasma cells were positive for CD138 and CD38 and show kappa-light chain restriction, but without EBER expression, raising the possibility of a preexisting or concurrent plasmacytoma and that the PBL may be a high-grade transformation from a preexisting plasma cell neoplasm following Epstein–Barr virus infection. Electron microscopy showed numerous circumferential long slender peripheral cytoplasmic projections in the large tumor cells, suggesting that some of the previously reported large B-cell lymphoma with cytoplasmic projections may actually be PBL.     

脾脏窦岸细胞血管瘤临床病理观察

目的研究脾脏窦岸细胞血管瘤（LCA）的临床病理及免疫表型特征,探讨脾脏窦岸细胞血管瘤的本质。方法对17例脾脏LCA进行了回顾性研究,包括临床表现、影像学和病理形态学等,并进行了多种抗原标记的免疫表型检测,以正常脾脏、淤血性脾肿大、脾海绵状血管瘤病例作为对照。结果（1）17例脾脏LCA有相似的临床及影像学表现,即脾脏肿大伴单发或多发占位性病变。5例伴肝囊肿,1例伴卵巢浆液性囊腺瘤。（2）大体病理改变为脾脏体积不同程度增大,切面见单个或多个暗褐色结节,结节的直径为0．2～6．0cm不等。（3）镜下改变主要为病变由相互吻合的窦状腔隙组成,腔隙常形成乳头状突起或呈囊性扩张,其中可见两类细胞,一类是衬在腔隙内表面的体积较小的细胞,形似窦岸细胞;另一类是脱落于窦状腔隙内的大细胞,两类细胞均无明显异型性。（4）免疫表型检测：17例标本中的小细胞均呈CD31、多克隆第八因子相关抗原阳性,CD34阴性,1例呈CD8阳性,1例呈CD21阳性,均不表达组织细胞分化抗原;大细胞均表达各种组织细胞抗原,包括CD68（KP1和PG-M1）、CD163和溶菌酶等,各例中均有少数大细胞表达CD31抗原,但均不表达CD34,且相关抗原的表达模式与对照组的三类脾脏良性病变有所不同;大、小细胞均不表达S-100蛋白。结论脾脏窦岸细胞血管瘤是一种良性病变,可能是由于某种原因导致局部血流动力学的改变,致脾脏窦岸细胞增生,脾血窦扩张并相互吻合而形成的局部血管瘤样病变伴组织细胞反应。特征性的形态学改变以及CD31和组织细胞相关抗原的检测有助于该疾病的病理诊断。