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1.
目的:分析本院两年来急诊初级心肺复苏情况,为进一步提高心肺复苏成功率提供依据。方法:回顾性分析本科2004年1月~2005年12月间44例心肺复苏病例。观察其心跳骤停发生地点、骤停时间、病因、肾上腺素用量、有无电除颤及机械通气等指标。结果:成功组复苏前骤停时间比失败组短(P<0.05);在院内发生骤停的复苏成功率比院外要高(P<0.01);成功组需要的胸外按压时间和肾上腺素总量均低于失败组(P<0.05)。结论:影响心肺复苏成功的基础因素包括心肺复苏前骤停的时间、地点、基础病,在心肺复苏过程中是否及时开放气道、进行胸外按压的时间、肾上腺素的用量等可预测复苏的成功率。  相似文献   

2.
目的:探讨应用2010年国际心肺复苏指南的复苏方法对心跳呼吸骤停病人复苏效果的影响。方法:将89例心跳呼吸骤停病人,按2010年复苏指南和2005年复苏指南进行分组并对比观察。结果:应用2010年复苏指南的理论技术心肺复苏成功率(20.00%)与2005年指南指导下复苏成功率(6.12%)差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:应用2010年国际心肺复苏指南进行抢救可提高复苏成功率。  相似文献   

3.
目的:探讨静脉输注高氧液对心跳呼吸骤停患者心肺复苏(cardiopulmonaryresuscitation,CPR)过程中的作用,评价其对心肺复苏成功率的影响。方法:选择心跳呼吸骤停患者30例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组15例。每组其它抢救措施均相同,对照组输入复方乳酸钠溶液10~20mL/kg,治疗组输入等量的高氧液。观察记录复苏过程中患者血气指标的动态变化、心跳和呼吸恢复正常率及心肺复苏成功率。结果:治疗组心跳恢复和呼吸恢复正常率较对照组增高(P<0.05),血气恢复正常时间较对照组提早(P<0.05),心肺复苏成功率较对照组提高(P<0.05)。结论:静脉输注高氧液是心跳呼吸骤停患者心肺复苏时有效的治疗方法之一。  相似文献   

4.
目的探讨心肺复苏(CPR)时盲插喉罩通气对复苏成功率的影响。方法将我科2003-06~2007-05所接诊的心跳骤停患者51例作为观察组,应用盲插喉罩通气;另选同期所接诊的心跳骤停患者46例作为对照组,应用气管内插管通气。结果插管所需时间:观察组(28.1±12.6)s;对照组(130±56)s,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。一次插管成功率:观察组盲探下插入喉罩一次成功47例(成功率92%);对照组气管内插管一次成功19例(成功率41.3%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。复苏成功率:观察组复苏成功25例(成功率49%);对照组复苏成功12例(成功率26%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论在CPR时,盲插喉罩通气具有操作简便、迅速、复苏成功率高的优点,可以代替气管内插管。  相似文献   

5.
目的:评价早期心肺复苏(CPR)中A(气道)、B(呼吸)、C(循环)抢救步骤的价值。方法:收集132例心跳、呼吸骤停行CPR患者的临床资料,对43例复苏成功病例,按原发疾病进行分类统计以及实施心肺复苏所采取C、CAB及ABC的步骤,比较各组的成功率。结果:心源性疾患所引起心跳、呼吸骤停C组复苏成功率为50.0%明显高于其他各组(P<0.05)。C组与ABC组比较复苏成功率有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:C及CAB是各种原因引起的心跳、呼吸骤停患者CPR中有效的抢救步骤。  相似文献   

6.
<正>心肺复苏(CPR)是针对呼吸、心跳骤停的急症危重患者所采取的抢救措施,心跳骤停后即刻建立人工循环是心肺脑复苏成功的重要环节。据统计,我国心脏猝死的发生率为41.84/10万,每年发生心脏猝死的总人数达54.4万人[1]。分析表明,院外和院内心脏停搏患者的总生存率分别为6.4%和17.6%[2]。提高CPR的成功率,尤其是脑复苏成功率,进而提高复苏成功患者的生活质量,是急症医学和危重医学研究的热点之一。《2010心肺复苏指南》《2010年美国心脏病  相似文献   

7.
目的探讨急性心跳呼吸骤停的临床救治效果,进一步提高心肺复苏的救治成功率。方法选取南方医科大学第五附属医院2012年1月至2014年11月收治的66例心跳呼吸骤停患者的临床资料,记录患者的复苏时间、病因、复苏场所及成功率数据资料之间的关系。结果心血管和呼吸系统疾病是心跳呼吸骤停的主要病因,且抢救治疗成功率较其他病因偏低,复苏地点与复苏开始时间对临床抢救成功结局具有一定的影响,66例患者经过心肺复苏的救治,共有28例患者成功,其余失败,成功率为42.4%。结论患有心血管呼吸系统疾病的患者易发生心跳呼吸骤停,及早采取措施进行救治可以提高心肺复苏的成功率。  相似文献   

8.
目的探讨院前急救心跳呼吸骤停患者的有效抢救措施。方法选取本院院前急救患者79例为研究对象,从心跳呼吸骤停后开始复苏时间、抢救半径、现场有无目击者参与、气管插管耗时(含气囊—面罩给氧)、是否使用电除颤等方面进行相关因素分析。结果 79例患者中,心肺复苏成功抢救患者7例,抢救成功率8.86%。心跳呼吸骤停后开始复苏时间4 min与开始复苏时间≥4 min心肺复苏(CPR)成功率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。开始复苏时间4 min能有效提高CPR复苏成功率(OR=13.64,95%CI:1.43~130.08);在院前急救心跳呼吸骤停患者的过程中,抢救半径5 km、气管插管(含气囊—面罩给氧)耗时90 s及现场有目击者参与的情况下和抢救半径≥5 km、气管插管(含气囊—面罩给氧)耗时≥90 s及现场无目击者参与,CPR复苏成功率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。使用电除颤是CPR复苏成功要素之一(OR=10.00,95%CI:1.14~87.59)。结论 79例患者临床分析表明,院前急救患者心跳呼吸骤停后开始复苏时间早,抢救半径短,气管插管(含气囊—面罩给氧)耗时少和有目击者参与是影响CPR复苏成功的关键因素,实施专业化院前急救可提高院前心肺复苏成功率。  相似文献   

9.
2010年国际心肺复苏指南的临床应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
孙立琴  邵军 《护理研究》2012,26(4):342-343
[目的]探讨应用2010年国际心肺复苏指南的理论技术对心肺复苏成功率的影响.[方法]将89例心跳呼吸骤停病人,按2010年复苏指南和2005年复苏指南进行分组抢救并对比观察.[结果]应用2010年复苏指南的理论技术心肺复苏成功率(20.0%)与2005年指南指导下复苏成功率(6.1%)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).[结论]应用2010年国际心肺复苏指南指导抢救可提高复苏成功率.  相似文献   

10.
目的:观察机械通气对院内心肺复苏成功率的影响。方法:回顾性分析机械通气复苏院内心跳呼吸骤停68例的临床资料。结果:5min内获机械通气复苏者的心肺复苏成功率明显高于5min以上者,P<0.05。结论:及时机械通气可提高院内心肺复苏成功率。  相似文献   

11.
241例心跳骤停与心肺脑复苏的回顾性分析   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6  
目的 探讨心跳骤停患者的临床特点及救治经验,以提高心肺脑复苏成功率。方法 回顾性分析我科1990年10月至2002年10月十二年间院内及院外急救的241例心跳骤停患者的临床资料,初步分析治疗与预后的关系。结果 241例心跳骤停患者中,初步复苏成功10例,最终复苏成功(心肺脑均复苏)仅4例,复苏率分别为4.62%、1.82%。1990至1998年间复苏成功率较低,初步复苏成功率1.38%,最终复苏成功率0。1999至2002年间复苏成功率明显提高,初步复苏成功率8.24%,最终复苏成功率4.12%。自1998年我科开展院外急救以来,尚无一例院外心跳骤停者复苏成功。结论 心跳骤停患者抢救成功与否与抢救人员专业水平、抢救开始时间、抢救措施正确与否、对室颤患者能否早期除颤及患者原发病是否可逆等因素密切相关。  相似文献   

12.
膈肌下抬挤心脏复苏法对兔心肌细胞Fas/Fas-L表达的影响   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
目的 比较两种不同复苏方法对心搏骤停兔心肌组织Fas,Fas-L及凋亡的影响.方法 分别采用膈肌下抬挤心脏复苏法与标准心肺复苏法对开腹手术中窒息致心搏骤停兔进行复苏,计算6 h存活率,榆测复苏成功6 h后心肌细胞Fas,Fas-L表达及凋亡,对比两组的不同.结果 膈肌下复苏组6 h存活率显著高于标准心肺复苏组,差异具有统计学意义(75%vs.25%,P<0.05),心肌细胞Fas,Fas-L表达[Fas:(27.3±4.7)vs.(55.1±6.7);Fasl:(32.7±5.4)vs.(58.9±7.2)]及心肌细胞凋亡率显著低于标准心肺复苏组.差异具有统计学意义[(12.7±3.4)%V8.(22.5±5.2)%(P<0.05)].结论 开腹手术发生心搏骤停时,膈肌下抬挤心脏复苏法较标准心肺复苏法心肌细胞Fas,Fas-L表达减少,心肌细胞凋亡减少,缺血.再灌注损伤程度减轻,6 h存活率提高.  相似文献   

13.
目的研究心肺复苏后大鼠肾小管上皮细胞的凋亡情况及其可能机制。方法Sprague Dawley雄性大鼠48只,随机分为6组:对照组(假手术组)以及复苏后3、6、12、24、48h组,每组各8只。采用窒息合并冰氯化钾(0·5mol/L)停跳液致大鼠心搏骤停-心肺复苏模型,心搏骤停5min后开始心肺复苏。采用TUNEL法观察复苏后肾小管上皮细胞的凋亡情况,采用免疫组化的方法观察大鼠肾小管上皮细胞Bcl-2、Fas蛋白的表达情况。结果复苏后3h大鼠肾小管上皮细胞就有明显凋亡,之后表达持续增加,至24h达高峰,平均灰度值为(19·75±4·04)%。复苏后3h肾小管上皮细胞Bcl-2有少量表达,其后表达呈上升趋势,48h达到高峰。而Fas复苏后3h呈高表达,与对照组比较(P<0·01),平均灰度值为(47·78±2·18)%,随后持续高表达,至24h达高峰。结论心肺复苏后大鼠存在肾小管上皮细胞凋亡,其中Fas的高表达介导了肾小管上皮细胞凋亡。  相似文献   

14.
We studied left ventricular endomyocardial adenosine triphospate levels in 13 large mongrel dogs before and during ventricular fibrillation induced cardiac arrest to assess whether myocardial adenosine triphosphate content could predict successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Endomyocardial biopsies were performed during sinus rhythm (control), after 15 min of ventricular fibrillation or 10 min of ventricular fibrillation and 5 min of open chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation, after 20 min of ventricular fibrillation and 10 min of open chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation and after 40 min ventricular fibrillation and 15–20 min open chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Myocardial adenosine triphosphate was measured utilizing a bioluminescence method adapted for use with endomyocardial biopsies and normalized to protein content. Left ventricular endomyocardial adenosine triphosphate content fell significantly over time from a control level of 8.88 ±0.9 pg/mg protein to 5.73 ± 0.5 pg/mg protein at 15 min of cardiac arrest, to 3.4 ± 0.4 μg/mg protein after 30 min of cardiac arrest and to 1.98 ± 0.3 μg/mg protein after 60 min of cardiac arrest (P < 0.001). Adenosine triphosphate levels were significantly different between animals that received 10 min of ventricular fibrillation and successful open chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation and those that received 40 min of ventricular fibrillation and unsuccessful open chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation (4.35 ± 0.48 vs. 2.11 ± 0.43 μg/mg protein; P < 0.025). Endomyocardial adenosine triphosphate levels falling below 3.5 μg/mg protein were associated with only 2/6 animals being successfully resuscitated, while 6/7 successfully resuscitated animals had adenosine triphosphate levels 3.5 μg/ mg protein (Positive Predictive Value = 0.75, Negative Predictive Value = 0.80). Myocardial adenosine triphosphate content diminishes significantly during prolonged ventricular fibrillation and once levels fall below 3.5 μg/mg protein, successful resuscitation is rare.  相似文献   

15.
山莨菪碱对心搏骤停大鼠复苏的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的 观察山莨菪碱对心搏骤停大鼠自主循环恢复(ROSC)及复苏成功率的影响,旨在探寻心肺复苏的新方法.方法 采用盲法将45只成年SD大鼠随机分为对照组、肾上腺素组和肾上腺素+山莨菪碱组(联用组),每组15只.实验采用经食道心脏起搏诱发心室纤颤或心室静止,使用电动机械胸外按压机进行胸外按压.盲法给药,肾上腺素剂量200 μg/kg,山莨菪碱为10 mg/kg,对比各组ROSC率及复苏成功率.结果 联用组ROSC率(93.3%比46.7%)、复苏成功率(80.0%比33.3%)及3 h存活率(83.3%比20.O%)均高于肾上腺素组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);对照组仅1只大鼠ROSC.ROSC即刻肾上腺素组平均动脉压(MAP)明显高于联用组(P<0.05);ROSC后两组MAP均呈逐渐下降趋势,且自5 min开始,肾上腺素组MAP明显低于联用组,至ROSC后30 min,两组比较差异仍有统计学意义(P均<0.05).结论 肾上腺素合用山莨菪碱可以提高心搏骤停ROSC率和复苏成功率.  相似文献   

16.
目的评价使用机械心肺复苏对心脏骤停患者复苏结局的影响。方法系统检索中国知网、维普、万方、PUBMED、Web of Science等数据库中关于机械心肺复苏和徒手心肺复苏的相关文献,提取有效数据后用RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共计纳入20项临床研究,包含29 727例患者,其中11 104例患者在复苏过程中使用了机械心肺复苏,18 623例患者在复苏过程中全程使用徒手心肺复苏。Meta分析结果显示,机械心肺复苏相对于徒手心肺复苏不能有效改善心脏骤停患者的自主循环恢复发生率(RR=1.10,95%CI:0.99~1.23,P<0.01)、入院存活率(RR=1.01,95%CI:0.95~1.08,P=0.67)、出院存活率(RR=1.00,95%CI:0.86~1.15,P=0.14)、神经功能预后(RR=0.81,95%CI:0.61~1.06,P=0.69)。结论机械心肺复苏对比徒手心肺复苏,并不能显著改善心脏骤停患者的预后。不推荐机械心肺复苏完全替代徒手胸外按压。  相似文献   

17.
Efficacy of CPR in a general,adult ICU   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
AIM: To investigate the initial cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) success rate and long term survival in an Intensive care unit (ICU) population. PATIENTS: All patients with cardiac arrest over a 2-year-period (1999-2000) in a general, adult ICU of a general hospital of Athens. METHODS: Retrospective collection of clinical data concerning patients, CPR characteristics and survival rates. RESULTS: We examined 111 ICU patients, aged 56.4+/-1.9 years (72 males). SAPS II score was 43.9+/-3.8. CPR was performed in 98.2% of the patients within 30 s. Initial restoration of cardiac function (RCF) and successful CPR rate was 100% while 24 h survival was 9.2%. Survivors at 24 h were younger, mainly males, with lower SAPS II score, mainly with pulmonary disease, ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia (8/10) and initial pupil reactivity (5/10). Four patients required more than one cycle of CPR. Survival to discharge was zero. CONCLUSION: Although the initial successful CPR rate in ICU patients may be high, long term survival and hospital discharge is disappointing. Although ICU patients are better monitored and treated in a timely fashion, they are disadvantaged by chronic underlying diseases, severe current medical illnesses and multi organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) leads to worst outcome after CPR compared with in-ward patients.  相似文献   

18.
It is established that basic life support (BLS) is performed inadequately by both nursing and medical staff and that the ability to retain these skills, once trained, is low. In addition, the initial success rate from cardiopulmonary arrest is poor. By implementing the advanced life support (ALS) course and providing frequent updates on resuscitation skills and management, it is expected that cardiac arrest outcome results should improve. This data is from a 4 year audit of in-hospital cardiac arrest within an adult patient group between January 1993 and December 1996. The average return response of all audit forms was 86.5%. The total sample consisted of 367 separate arrests where the initial rhythm was documented as either ventricular fibrillation (VF)/ventricular tachycardia (VT) (58.3%), asystole (21.7%), electromechanical dissociation (EMD) (7.0%) and other (13.0%). Initial success was defined as return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). This was achieved in 75.0% of all resuscitation attempts. Within the VF/VT group, successful outcome remained consistent over the 4-year period with an ROSC of 85%. Successful outcome remained consistent in the EMD group, however, the number of arrests was small. Within the asystole group, initial survival increased from 47.5% in 1993-1994 to 67.5% in 1995-1996. These results suggest that BLS and ALS training may only have an impact on initial survival from cardiac arrest.  相似文献   

19.
A prospective study of advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was carried out on 226 patients in order to examine factors predicting successful resuscitation and 6 month survival. The mean age of all patients was 70 years and median age was 74. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was successful in 40.5% (137) of all arrests and in 48.7% (110) of the first arrests. Thirty of 207 patients with one or more cardiac arrests were discharged alive (14%). Twenty-one of our patients were alive at 6 months (10.3%). Patients in ventricular fibrillation and/or ventricular tachycardia at the time of arrest were more likely to have successful outcomes. When the patient required Isuprel or bicarbonate, cardiopulmonary resuscitation was significantly less successful. We found no correlation of immediate outcome with the following variables: location of arrest; time of day; pre-existence of shock; coma; stroke; malignancy. Uremia and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was not significantly associated with failed resuscitation. Most notable in our results of specific treatments was the evidence for the need to improve the initial pH, particularly when it was less than 7.2. Failure to do so by the time the second blood gas was drawn was associated with failure of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Our results also suggest that the adequate treatment of metabolic acidosis, and improved ventilatory management with improved PO2 and optimization of PCO2, play a role in the better outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.  相似文献   

20.
目的 探讨不同窒息时间对心搏骤停家兔心肺复苏(CPR)后多器官功能障碍形成的影响,为后续研究建立一种CPR后多器官功能障碍综合征(CPR-MODS)的动物模型提供可行性依据.方法 采用窒息法致家兔心搏骤停,将30只家兔按随机数字表法分成窒息7 min组和窒息8 min组,每组15只.在CPR自主循环恢复(ROSC)后,观察两组家兔ROSC率、不同时间点死亡率和全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)发生率;同时检测两组家兔复苏前及ROSC后12、24、48 h血清肿瘤坏死因子-a(TNF-a)、心肌肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、肌酐(Cr)、血糖(Glu)水平及动脉血氧分压(PaO2);并计算CPR-MODS的发生率.结果 窒息7 min组CPR时间(s)明显短于窒息8 min组(147.60±22.09比193.08±23.07,P<0.01).窒息7 min组和窒息8 min组ROSC率分别为100.00%和86.67%,差异无统计学意义;两组家兔ROSC后存活24 h以上MODS发生率均为100.00%.窒息7 min组ROSC后6 h死亡率明显低于窒息8 min组(6.67%比46.67%,P<0.05);至48 h时窒息8 min组动物全部死亡.两组家兔ROSC后SIRS发生率均为100.00%.与窒息前比较,两组家兔ROSC后12 h即有TNF-a(ng/L)、CK-MB(U/L)明显升高(TNF-a:窒息7 min组100.71±20.43比49.13±8.64,窒息8 min组118.09±21.90比48.48±6.70;CK-MB:窒息7 min组786.88±211.84比468.20±149.45,窒息8 min组894.88±248.80比462.11±115.15,均P<0.05);ROSC后24 h ALT(U/L)、Glu(mmol/L)明显升高(ALT:窒息7 min组174.25±36.28比50.27±9.37,窒息8 min组205.50±10.61比51.13±10.37;Glu:窒息7 min组11.21±1.14比5.59±1.10,窒息8 min组11.55±0.35比6.41±1.23,均P<0.05);Cr(μmol/L)在窒息8 min组于ROSC 12 h即明显升高(98.83±16.70比65.93±13.81),窒息7 min组于ROSC 24 h明显升高(144.25±41.64比67.71±16.47,均P<0.05);两组PaO2均于ROSC 12 h明显升高,于24 h明显下降.结论 选择窒息7 min更适合建立家兔心搏骤停模型,为后续进一步建立CPR-MODS模型提供了可能性和可行性.
Abstract:
Objective To explore the effects of different asphyxia time on the reproduction of multiply organ dysfunction syndrome in rabbit after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR-MODS) for cardiac arrest,in order to provide a method to reproduce an animal model of CPR-MODS for further research of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Methods The rabbit cardiac arrest was caused by asphyxia as a result of clamping the trachea.Thirty rabbits were divided into 7-minute asphyxia group and 8-minute asphyxia group by means of random number table with 15 rabbits in each group.The rate of resumption of spontaneous circulation(ROSC),the mortality at different time points and the occurrence incidence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) of two groups were observed after CPR and the ROSC.The levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a),myocardial MB-isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),creatinine (Cr),glucose (Glu) and arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) before resuscitation and 12,24 and 48 hours after ROSC were measured simultaneously in the two groups.The incidence of CPR-MODS was calculated.Results The CPR time (seconds) in 7-minute asphyxia group was significantly shorter than that in 8-minute asphyxia group(147.60±22.09 vs.193.08±23.07,P<0.01).The ROSC rate of 7-minute asphyxia group and 8-minute asphyxia group was 100.00% and 86.67%,respectively,and there was no significant difference.The incidence of MODS in the rabbits surviving more than 24 hours after ROSC was 1 00% in both groups.The mortality at 6 hours after ROSC in 7-minute asphyxia group was remarkably lower than that of 8-minute asphyxia group(6.67% vs.46.67%,P<0.05).All the rabbits in 8-minute asphyxia group died at 48 hours.The incidence of SIRS after ROSC was 100% in both groups.Compared with that before asphyxiation,the 1evel of serum TNF-a(ng/L)as well as CK-MB(U/L) increased significantly at 12 hours after ROSC in both groups(TNF-a in 7-minute asphyxia group:100.71±20.43 vs.49.13±8.64,in 8-minute asphyxia group:118.09±21.90 vs.48.48±6.70;CK-MB in 7-minute asphyxia group:786.88±211.84 vs.468.20±149.45,in 8-minute asphyxia group:894.88±248.80 vs.462.11±115.15,all P<0.05).There was a significant elevation of ALT (U/L) and Glu (mmol/L) at 24 hours after ROSC (ALT in 7-minute asphyxia group:174.25±36.28 vs.50.27±9.37,in 8-minute asphyxia group:205.50±10.61 vs.51.13±10.37;Glu in 7-minute asphyxia group:11.21±1.14 vs.5.59±1.10,in 8-minute asphyxia group:11.55±0.35 vs.6.41±1.23,all P<0.05).Cr(μmol/L) was significantly higher at 12 hours after ROSC in 8-minute asphyxia group(98.83±16.70 vs.65.93±13.81),while it was elevated at 24 hours in 7-minute asphyxia group (144.25±41.64 vs.67.71±16.47,both P<0.05).PaO2 in both groups was significantly higher at 12 hours after ROSC and significantly decreased at 24 hours.Conclusion The model of cardiac arrest caused by 7 minutes asphyxia provided more possibility and feasibility for the subsequent study of reproducing CPR-MODS model.  相似文献   

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