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1.
Nach Durchführung einer transnasalen Biopsie und histologischer Aufarbeitung wurde uns der Patient von einer ausw?rtigen Klinik unter der Diagnose eines reparativen Riesenzellgranuloms im Bereich des linken Keilbeins zur Indikationsprüfung für eine Pr?zisionsstrahlentherapie vorgestellt. Bei der Anamnese gibt er einen Zustand nach Magendurchbruch bei Ulcus ventriculi, eine Neophrolithiasis sowie ein seit kurzer Zeit bestehendes Kratzen im Hals mit Hustenreiz an. Bei der k?rperlichen Untersuchung f?llt eine haselnu?gro?e pr?tibiale Schwellung auf sowie ein im Bereich des linken Schilddrüsenlappen tastbarer Knoten. Die Laboruntersuchungen zeigen ein Serumkalzium von 3.43 mmol/l (Norm 2.2-2.6 mmol/l) sowie ein Serumphosphat von 0.49 mmol/l (Norm 0.8-1.5 mmol/l). In der Computertomographie zeigt sich ein expansiver, vom linken Keilbein ausgehender Tumor mit Ausdehnung in die Fossa pterygopalatina sowie in die dorsalen Siebbeinzellen (Abb. 1a und 1b). Die Ganzk?rper-Knochenszintigraphie zeigt Mehrspeicherungen in Projektion auf die linksseitige Maxilla, den kn?chernen Thorax, die LWS, den linken Trochanter minor sowie beide Tibiae (Abb. 2).  相似文献   

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Various types of brain tumor can occur in the region of the posterior fossa. Brain metastases in adults are the most common malignancies at this localization. Ependymomas, medulloblastomas and pilocytic astrocytomas occur mostly in children and only rarely in adults. Other tumors that occur in the posterior fossa are meningiomas, schwannomas, hemangioblastomas, brain stem gliomas and epidermoid tumors. Due to the fact that the various tumors of the posterior fossa have different treatment approaches and prognoses, an accurate and specific diagnosis is mandatory. This review discusses the imaging aspects by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the most frequent tumors of the posterior fossa.  相似文献   

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Intrinsic bony lesions of the skull base are diseases which arise within the bones forming the skull base. Mainly they are bone tumours and tumour-like lesions. With the exception of osteomas of the paranasal sinuses and exostoses of the external auditory canal, these lesions occur rarely. This article gives an overview of the appearance of the most common primary bony skull base masses in CT and MRI. From the authors’ point of view these are fibrous dysplasia, chordomas, chondrosarcomas, Langerhans cell histiocytosis and multiple myelomas, which must be differentiated from pseudolesions. The possibilities of CT and MRI in making a specific diagnosis, differential diagnosis and the kind of making the final diagnosis are described.  相似文献   

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The purpose of this study was to establish a suitable, reproducible classification, similar to Broca’s, of the degree of suture obliteration in virtual cross-sections of the skull-cap using flat panel computed tomography (CT). This preliminary study was conducted with a view to developing an advanced, reproducible method of evaluating cranial suture obliteration for age estimation of unidentified dead persons. The eXplore Locus Ultra (eLU) flat-panel CT scanner was used for these experiments. In the process of ongoing autopsies the skull-cap was scanned before being returned to the corpse and to date 221 skull-caps have been scanned. The skull-caps came from 148 males aged between 0.8 and 100.0 years (M=48.9 years, SD ±18.4 years), and 73 females aged between 0.3 and 98.0 years (M=56.6 years, SD ±27.0 years). The data sets were reconstructed in 3-D and the suture sections were evaluated in cross-sectional view. Seven stages of ossification were defined. An examination of all 221 skull-caps on the basis of this classification showed the method to be valid. The definition of the stages led to good reproducibility. An inter-observer study is planned. This examination method is a suitable, non-destructive means of evaluating the degree of ossification of cranial sutures in cross-section for the entire skull-cap.  相似文献   

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Zusammenfassung Wesentlich häufiger als totale Rupturen sind partielle Wandverletzungen der Aorta. Sie sind meist multipel, oftmals mit totalen Wanddurchtrennungen kombiniert und nicht auf den Isthmusbereich, die typische Lokalisation der Totalruptur, beschränkt. Neben reinen Intimarissen findet man meist mehr oder weniger tief reichende Mediaverletzungen. Auch unvollständige Risse von der Adventitia her werden beobachtet. Partielle Aortenrupturen können die Grundlage für Aneurysmata oder Medianekrosen der Aorta sein.In Anlehnung an einen Vortrag auf der Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für gerichtliche und soziale Medizin vom 30. 9.–3. 10. 1962 in Münster i. Westf.  相似文献   

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Zusammenfassung Verfasser hat bei 5 schädelverletzten Kaninchen keine besonderen Abweichungen der Alkoholkurve feststellen können. Die -Werte schwanken innerhalb der von anderen Verfassern angegebenen Grenze der Normal werte.Die Annäherung derWidmarkschen Formel ist zufriedenstellend.Allerdings bleiben die in der Literatur verzeichneten und auch von Verfasser in der gerichtsmedizinischen Praxis beobachteten Abweichungen der Alkoholkurve ein noch ungelöstes Problem.  相似文献   

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Zusammenfassung An Hand von Fällen wird auf einen praktisch wichtigen, im deutschen Schrifttum nicht beachteten Modus zur Entstehung von Schädelbasisringbrüchen hingewiesen, bei dem nachMoritz Traktionskräfte zwischen Schädelbasis und Wirbelsäule die wesentlichste Rolle spielen.  相似文献   

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T. Struffert 《Der Radiologe》2016,56(11):960-966
Many important structures are located in the confined space within the posterior cranial fossa. This article describes the main aspects of the anatomy. As a uniform classification of malformations of the posterior cranial fossa does not exist the main syndromes, such as Chiari malformations, zerebellar hypoplasia and dysplasia are discussed separately.  相似文献   

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Clinical/methodical issue

Acceleration-deceleration rotational brain trauma is a common cause of disability or death in young adults and often leads to a focal destruction of axons. The resulting pathology, axonal shear injury is referred to as diffuse axonal injury (DAI). The DAI-associated lesions occur bilaterally, are widely dispersed and have been observed in the surface and deep white matter. They are found near to and far from the impact site.

Standard radiological methods

When DAI is clinically suspected, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the method of choice for further clarification, especially in patients where cranial computed tomography (CT) is inconspicuous.

Methodical innovations

To investigate the presence of DAI after traumatic brain injury (TBI), a multimodal MRI approach is applied including the common structural and also functional imaging sequences.

Performance

For structural MRI, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) weighted and susceptibility contrast imaging (SWI) are the sequences mainly used. The SWI technique is extremely sensitive to blood breakdown products, which appear as small signal voids at three locations, at the gray-white interface, in the corpus callosum and in the brain stem. Functional MRI comprises a group of constantly developing techniques that have great potential in optimal evaluation of the white matter in patients after craniocerebral trauma. These imaging techniques allow the visualization of changes associated with shear injuries, such as functional impairment of axons and decreased blood flow and abnormal metabolic activity of the brain parts affected.

Achievements

The multimodal MRI approach in patients with DAI results in a more detailed and differentiated representation of the underlying pathophysiological changes of the injured nerve tracts and helps to improve the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of MRI.

Practical recommendations

When DAI is suspected multimodal MRI should be performed as soon as possible after craniocerebral injury.  相似文献   

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Zusammenfassung An je 105 männlichen und weiblichen Leichen wurden frontale und occipitale Durchmesser der Schädelkalotten gemessen und mit statistischen Methoden hinsichtlich ihrer Korrelation zueinander untersucht. Dabei konnten signifikante Mittelwertsunterschiede sowohl bei Vergleichen frontaler und occipitaler Meßwerte innerhalb der Geschlechter als auch bei zwischengeschlechtlichem Vergleich entsprechender Frontalund Occipitalwerte nicht für alle Altersgruppen gesichert werden. Die beschriebene Methode ist somit zur Unterstützung der Geschlechtsdiagnose an isolierten Schädelfunden nicht geeignet.  相似文献   

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W. Reith 《Der Radiologe》2016,56(11):959-959
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Gunshot injuries to the head usually present special findings due to the anatomical conditions of the head (brain enclosed in a relatively solid skull capsule). From a physical wound ballistic view the brain is a very inelastic and incompressable object/tissue. In general this is the reason why gunshots to the head lead to lethal fluid dynamic effects even when no vitally important structures have been directly injured. Severe brain injuries can occur even distant from the wound canal mainly due to distensional and shearing forces during the development of the temporary wound cavity. The lower the cross-sectional density and the more energy a bullet has, the more these effects will be pronounced. Even gunshots with caliber 9 mm Luger can result in hydraulic pressure effects with development of complex fracturing of the skull.  相似文献   

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Tumors and tumor-like lesions are rare diseases in the paranasal sinuses.There is a great variety of histological types, but only a small number of morphological patterns on imaging. Histology is an important point in therapeutic planning. In most cases it is obtained by sampling, which is not as difficult in the sinonasal area as in other regions of the body. The main task of imaging is an exact estimation of the extent and spread of a lesion. This article discusses the possibilities and limitations of CT and MRI in the assessment of the dignity and spread of paranasal tumors and tumor-like lesions in consideration of necessary therapeutic information. Additionally, an overview of features on imaging of different paranasal tumors and tumor-like lesions is given.  相似文献   

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