Smads蛋白在成牙本质细胞系MDPC-23中的表达及功能

目的研究Smads蛋白在成牙本质细胞系MDPC-23作为转化生长因子(TGF)β信号分子的作用。方法常规条件下培养MDPC-23细胞,在TGF-β1刺激培养1h后,观察细胞内Smad分子的定位变化。将Smads真核表达载体分别与报告基因载体p3TP-Lux瞬时共转染至MDPC-23,在TGF-β1刺激培养24h后,裂解细胞,用双荧光素酶报告基因检测系统检测细胞裂解液中的荧光素酶活性。结果MDPC-23细胞表达Smad2和Smad3蛋白分子,主要定位于细胞质,在TGF-β1刺激1h后,Smad2和Smad3从胞质向胞核转位聚集。TGF-β1可诱导p3TP-Lux基础启动子活性,约增加13倍。过表达野生型Smad3蛋白可促进TGF-β1对p3TP-Lux启动子活性的诱导,但是过表达Smad3突变体抑制TGF-β1对p3TP-Lux启动子活性的诱导。和Smad3作用相比,过表达Smad2野生型或突变型蛋白对TGF-β1诱导p3TP-Lux启动子活性无明显影响。结论在成牙本质细胞系MDPC-23内,Smad信号途径存在并参与介导TGF-β1诱导的转录调控。     

Smad7在成牙本质细胞系MDPC-23内转化生长因子β信号转导中的作用

目的研究Smad7在成牙本质细胞系MDPC-23内转化生长因子(transforming growth factor-β1, TGF-β)信号转导的作用.方法培养MDPC-23细胞,免疫组化法观察TGF-β1对MDPC-23细胞内Smad7分子定位改变.通过瞬时共转染和报告基因检测方法观察Smad7分子对TGF-β1调控目的基因转录的影响.结果MDPC-23细胞表达Smad7蛋白,主要定位于细胞胞浆,在转化生长因子β1刺激30 min后,Smad7从胞核向胞浆转位聚集.TGF-β1显著诱导p3TP-Lux基础启动子活性.过表达Smad7完全抑制TGF-β1对p3TP-Lux启动子活性的诱导,而过表达Smad7反义cDNA载体则显著促进了TGF-β1对p3TP-Lux启动子活性的诱导.结论在成牙本质细胞系MDPC-23内,Smad7可能作为一种抑制性Smad分子在拮抗TGF-β1信号转导过程中发挥重要的作用.     

TGF-β1对成牙本质细胞系MDPC-23中 Smads mRNA表达的影响

目的：研究TGF—β1对成牙本质细胞系MDPC-23细胞中Smads mRNA表达的影响，探讨成牙本质细胞内Smads分子基因表达调控机制。方法：培养MDPC-23细胞，细胞分为5组，分别用TGF—β1刺激0、0．5h、1．5h、4h、24h，提取总RNA。用半定量RT—PCR观察Smad2、Smad3和Smad7mRNA表达变化。结果：MDPC-23细胞表达Smad2、Smad3和Smad7 mRNA。在TGF—β1作用24h内，MDPC-23细胞内Smad2 mRNA表达水平无明显变化。在TGF—β1作用4h后，Smad3 mRNA表达水平下调。Smad7 mRNA水平在TGF—β1作用下1．5h达到最高峰，以后逐渐下降。结论：在成牙本质细胞内，TGF—β1可能通过不同的方式调控其细胞内信号分子Smad2、Smad3和Smad7的表达，从而使成牙本质细胞对Smad介导的TGF—β1信号得到精确调控。     

Smad8在成牙本质细胞系MDPC-23内BMP-2信号转导中的作用

目的：观察成牙本质细胞系MDPC-23内Smad8蛋白的表达,以及Smad8蛋白在骨形成蛋白-2（bonemorphogenetic protein-2,BMP-2）信号转导中的作用.方法：免疫组化法观察MDPC-23细胞内Smad8蛋白的表达,以及BMP-2和转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）对MDPC-23细胞内Smad8分子定位的改变.结果：MDPC-23细胞的胞浆和胞核均有Smad8表达,在BMP-2刺激1 h后,Smad8从胞浆向胞核转位聚集.TGF-β1刺激后无类似现象发生.结论：成牙本质细胞系MDPC-23内存在Smad8的表达,且Smad8可特异性地将BMP-2的信号由胞浆转至胞核,但不能转导TGF-β1信号.     

建立稳定表达Smad蛋白的MDPC-23细胞模型

建立稳定表达Smad蛋白的MDPC -2 3细胞克隆。方法 :将Smad表达载体转染进MDPC -2 3细胞内 ,通过G418筛选出阳性克隆 ,用Flag抗体进行Westernblot鉴定。 结果 :表达Flag融合蛋白细胞克隆为稳定整合Smad基因的阳性克隆 ,不表达Flag融合蛋白细胞克隆为表达空载体的细胞克隆。结论 :获得稳定表达Smad的细胞克隆 ,为以后研究Smad在成牙本质细胞分化中的作用奠定了基础     

TGF-β1诱导小鼠成牙本质细胞系MDPC-23细胞凋亡

目的:研究转化生长因子β1(transforminggrowthfactorβ1,TGFβ1)是否诱导成牙本质细胞系MDPC23细胞凋亡。方法:培养MDPC23细胞,用不同浓度的TGFβ1刺激培养48h后,分别用3种检测细胞凋亡的方法,包括膜联蛋白V(AnnexinV)和碘化丙啶(propidiumiodide,PI)双染色法、细胞凋亡的酶联免疫分析法、以及DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳法,检测MDPC23细胞凋亡情况。结果:TGFβ1能诱导MDPC23细胞凋亡,且呈剂量依赖性。结论:TGFβ1在成牙本质细胞凋亡过程中发挥一定的作用     

小鼠牙乳头来源MDPC-23细胞自发形成的类破牙细胞鉴定

目的探寻小鼠牙乳头来源MDPC-23细胞自发形成的体外破牙细胞的培养方法。 方法MDPC-23细胞常规培养6 d,利用抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（TRAP）染色法与RANKL诱导RAW 264.7细胞形成的破骨细胞相比较;金相显微镜及扫描电镜（SEM）观察牙本质片上细胞形态及吸收陷窝形成情况;免疫荧光染色观察丝状肌动蛋白（F-actin）细胞骨架结构;免疫印迹、免疫荧光和（或）ELISA法检测破牙细胞形成相关蛋白RANKL、RANK、TRAF6以及破牙细胞标志蛋白TRAP、组织蛋白酶K（Cathepsin K）的表达情况。Cathepsin K和TRAP蛋白表达的灰度值比较采用两独立样本的t检验进行统计;0、2、4、6 d四个时间点RANKL分泌水平的比较采用方差分析进行统计分析。 结果MDPC-23细胞常规培养6 d可自发形成少量TRAP染色阳性的多核巨细胞,其形态有别于RAW 264.7细胞形成的破骨细胞;自发形成的多核巨细胞仅能在牙本质片上形成少量较浅的吸收陷窝;免疫荧光结果显示,自发形成的类破牙细胞具有破牙细胞特征性丝状肌动蛋白环结构;免疫印迹、免疫荧光和（或）ELISA结果表明,MDPC-23细胞体外常规培养下表达RANK、TRAF6蛋白并自分泌RANKL,第0、2、4、6天RANKL分泌水平总体差异有统计学意义（F = 5.373,P = 0.026）,第2天RANKL分泌水平较第0天增加（P = 0.007）;第6天TRAP及Cathepsin K蛋白表达上调（t_TRAP = 5.033,P_TRAP = 0.0024;t_{Cathepsin K} = 12.95,P_{Cathepsin K} = 0.0002）。 结论MDPC-23细胞体外常规培养下可自发形成少量吸收能力较弱的TRAP染色阳性的多核巨细胞,具有特征性肌动蛋白环结构,同时能上调破牙细胞特征性蛋白TRAP和Cathepsin K表达,自分泌RANKL并表达RANK、TRAF6蛋白,是与成熟破牙细胞形态、结构及蛋白表达相似的类破牙细胞。     

大鼠正畸牙移动过程中牙周组织内转化生长因子β1的变化

目的 了解大鼠正畸牙移动过程中转化生长因子β１（ｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍｉｎｇ ｇｒｏｗｔｈ ｆａｃｔｏｒβ１,ＴＧＦ－β１）在牙周组织内的变化,探讨ＴＧＦ－β１在正畸牙移动过程中的作用。方法 对大习正畸牙移动不同阶段的牙及牙周组织联合切片,进行免疫组织化学研究。结果 正畸牙移动过程中,牙周膜内ＴＧＦ－β１表达增加。强力第５～１０天,张力区ＴＧＦ－β１表达增加的幅度明显大于压力区。结论 ＴＧＦ－β１在正     

Effect of antisense oligonucleotide against mouse dentine matrix protein 1 on mineralization ability and calcium ions metabolism in odontoblast-like cell line MDPC-23

AIM: To study the mineralization ability and the dynamic changes of intracellular and extracellular concentrations of calcium ions in the odontoblast-like cell line MDPC-23 affected by antisense oligonucleotide (AS-ODN) against mouse dentine matrix protein 1 (DMP1). METHODOLOGY: The expression of DMP1 in MDPC-23 cells was detected by an immunohistochemical method and its blocking outcome by the Western blot method. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, size and number of mineralized nodules, and the intracellular free ([Ca2+]if), total ([Ca2+]it) and the extracellular ([Ca2+]e) calcium ion concentrations in MDPC-23 cells in the experimental group affected with AS-ODN were compared with those in the control group (paired-samples t-test). RESULTS: Dentine matrix protein 1 was stably expressed in a stable way in MDPC-23 cells; the expression was only just detectable at 12 h and became negative after 24 h affected by AS-ODN. Compared with the control groups, ALP activity of MDPC-23 cells in the AS-ODN group was decreased (P < 0.05), and both the number and size of mineralized nodules were smaller than those in the control group. [Ca2+]if in the AS-ODN group increased and then decreased after 24 h. [Ca2+]it dropped substantially to the lowest point at 24 h (P < 0.01). [Ca2+]e increased before treatment for 24 h and then dropped, however, it was still higher than that of the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Antisense oligonucleotide against DMP1 could decrease mineralization ability and affect the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of calcium ions in MDPC-23 cells. This would indicate that DMP1 regulates the metabolism and transportation of calcium ions in odontoblasts, and thus boosts dentine mineralization.     

外源性转化生长因子β1对口腔鳞癌细胞中相关基因表达的影响

目的：探讨TGF—β1在El腔鳞癌发生发展中的作用。方法：采用免疫组化法观察不同浓度的TGF—β1作用于口腔鳞癌TSCCa细胞系及颈淋巴转移癌GNM细胞系中相关基因c-myc、c-erbB2和TGF-β1及EGFR蛋白表达，同时运用图象分析技术对蛋白表达的表达动态进行了相对定量分析。结果：相同浓度的TGF—β1对两细胞系作用不同；TGF-β1可促进GNM细胞中C-myc和C-erbβ2蛋白表达明显上调，对TGF—β1和EGFR蛋白表达有轻微的促进作用；而TGF-β1作用于TSCCa细胞后C—myc、Cerbβ2、TGF—βl和EGFR蛋白表达明显下调，并与TGF—β1有剂量依赖关系。结论：TGF—β1可能在不同转化的口腔鳞癌细胞中的作用不同。     

水蛭素对牙龈成纤维细胞碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和转化生长因子-β1表达的影响

目的 观察水蛭素对人牙龈成纤维细胞（HGFs）碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）及转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）表达变化的规律,探讨水蛭素影响牙龈改建的可能作用机制。方法 体外培养并鉴定HGFs,利用不同浓度的水蛭素分别作用于正常（对照组）和受长期机械外力作用后增生的HGFs（实验组）,通过实时定量聚合酶链反应法和免疫细胞化学法检测TGF-β1及bFGF的表达。结果 未加入水蛭素时,受长期机械外力作用后,实验组促进HGFs增殖胶原合成的TGF-β1表达升高,而抑制胶原合成的bFGF表达降低（P<0.05）。加入水蛭素干预增生的HGFs后,可正向调节bFGF表达,而负向调节TGF-β1的表达（P<0.05）。结论 外力作用干扰了HGFs胶原合成与降解之间的平衡,水蛭素可能通过调节这一平衡而促进牙龈改建过程。     

人牙髓细胞内Smad 2、3在转化生长因子β1信号转导中的作用

目的：探讨人牙髓细胞内Smad 2、3在转化生长因子β1（transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)信号转导过程中的作用。方法：原代培养人牙髓细胞，用激光共聚焦显微镜观察TGF－β1刺激初期牙髓细胞内Smad 2、3由胞质向胞核转位的现象，同时采用Western blot方法检测刺激后期Smad 2、3蛋白表达的变化。结果：TGF－β1刺激2h内，Smad2、3在胞质中表达渐弱，在胞核内表达渐强，呈现由胞质向胞核逐步转位的趋势。Smad 2蛋白总量在TGF－β1刺激前后几乎无变化，而Smad 3在刺激后24h表达量明显下降，48h后表达十分微弱。结论：Smad 2、3可能是人牙髓细胞内TGF－β1的信号转导分子。TGF－β1刺激初期Smad 2、3通过发生转位参与转导TGF－β1信号至核内，刺激后期Smad 3表达水平的下调可能与TGF－β1负反馈调节自身的信号有关。     

不同质量浓度氟对大鼠切牙成釉细胞转化生长因子-β1表达的影响

目的研究不同质量浓度氟对大鼠切牙生长过程中转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）表达的影响,探讨氟斑牙的发病机制。方法40只Wistar大鼠随机分为3组,建立氟斑牙动物模型。3组分别为低剂量氟组（F-质量浓度60 mg·L-1,13只）、高剂量氟组（F-质量浓度120 mg·L-1,13只）和对照组（蒸馏水,14只）。10周后取材,采用苏木精-伊红（HE）染色和免疫组织化学染色的方法观察氟对大鼠切牙成釉细胞的形态及TGF-β1表达的影响。结果实验组大鼠切牙均出现典型的氟斑牙症状,牙面出现白垩色改变,釉质表面有横纹。HE染色结果显示成釉细胞形态发生改变,细胞排列紊乱,甚至成灶性堆积,可见空泡性变。免疫组织化学染色结果显示TGF-β1在分泌期和成熟期成釉细胞均为强阳性表达,在星网状层、中间层均为阳性表达,在新形成的釉基质中呈阳性表达。2个实验组TGF-β1的表达强度明显低于对照组（P<0.01）,2个实验组之间的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论氟可能通过抑制TGF-β1的表达而干扰了成釉细胞的分化和基质分泌,造成釉质发育障碍。     

Gingival crevicular fluid transforming growth factor-beta1 in several forms of periodontal disease

BACKGROUND: Transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) has significant effects on periodontal host response regulation. Limited knowledge on the role of TGF-beta(1) in various periodontal disease types and particularly in advanced periodontitis forms warranted the present study. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) TGF-beta(1) levels in patients with different forms of periodontal disease. METHODS: GCF TGF-beta(1) levels were investigated in 32 chronic periodontitis (CP), 30 generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP), 15 gingivitis patients and 16 periodontally healthy subjects. Periodontal status was evaluated by measuring probing depth, clinical attachment loss, plaque and bleeding on probing. TGF-beta(1) levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results were expressed in terms of total amount (pg) and concentration (pg/microl). RESULTS: G-AgP and CP groups had significantly elevated GCF TGF-beta(1) total amount compared to healthy group (p<0.008). Moreover, GCF TGF-beta(1) total amount of G-AgP group was significantly higher than that of gingivitis group (p<0.008). G-AgP and CP groups had similar GCF TGF-beta(1) total amount (p>0.008). Significant correlation was found between GCF TGF-beta(1) total amount and all clinical periodontal parameters (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest contribution of TGF-beta(1) to the pathogenesis of advanced chronic and aggressive periodontitis. TGF-beta(1) may thus be one of the components modulating exaggerated host response together with other major mediators of inflammation.     

转化生长因子β1对口腔鳞癌细胞系基质金属蛋白酶—2和—9活性的影响

目的探讨TGF-β1和口腔鳞癌侵袭转移的关系.方法采用蛋白酶谱分析法测量不同浓度的TGF-β1作用于口腔鳞癌TSCCa细胞系及颈淋巴转移癌GNM细胞系后MMP-2和MMP-9的活性变化.结果不同浓度的TGF-β1作用于TSCCa 12小时后,MM-2和MMP-9的活性与对照组相比无明显差异(P＞0.05);而不同浓度的TGF-β1作用于GNM细胞12小时后,MMP-2和MMP-9的活性与对照组相比,有显著性差异(P＜0.05～0.01),MMP-2和MMP-9活性与TGF-β1有剂量依赖关系.结论TGF-β1可能与口腔鳞癌侵袭转移密切相关.     

外源性转化生长因子β1对口腔鳞状细胞癌细胞系一氧化氮含量的影响

目的 探讨TGF—βl和口腔鳞状细胞癌侵袭转转的关系。方法 检测了不同浓度的外源性TGF—βl作用于体外培养的口腔鳞状细胞癌TSCCa细胞系及颈淋巴转移癌GNM细胞系后细胞增殖能力和NO合成的影响。结果 相同浓度的TGF—βl对两细胞系作用不同；TGF—βl可促进GNM细胞^3H—TdR掺入率，同时GNM细胞中NO含量明显下调；而TGF—βl可抑制TSCCa细胞的增殖，TGF—βl作用于TSCCa细胞后NO含量开始上升，并与TGF—βl有剂量依赖关系。结论 TGF—βl可能通过调节NO的含量在不同转化的口腔鳞状细胞癌细胞中的作用不同。     

Evidence for fibroblast growth factor receptors in myofibroblasts during palatal mucoperiosteal repair

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) regulate cell growth and differentiation and play crucial roles in the process of tissue repair and remodelling. We have previously shown that basic FGF is widely expressed at the injured site. Since the presence of FGF receptors (FGFRs) determines cellular responsiveness, we examined the localisation of FGFR1, FGFR2 and FGFR3 expression by immunohistochemistry throughout the repair of full-thickness excisional wounds up to 28 days after wounding. Strong expression of FGFR1 was observed in the nuclei of myofibroblasts, which are characterised by alpha-smooth muscle (alpha-SM) actin expression. The weak expression of FGFR2 was also observed in the nuclei of myofibroblasts. In contrast, there was no staining for FGFR3 in fibroblasts through the wound healing process. In addition, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), a potential inducer of myofibroblasts, enhanced the expression of FGFR1 and FGFR2 in the nuclei of palatal fibroblasts in vitro. These findings suggest that FGFR1 and FGFR2 in myofibroblasts may be responsible for the signal transduction of FGF during the wound healing process.     

Vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor 2, platelet derived growth factor and transforming growth factor beta released in human dental pulp following orthodontic force

OBJECTIVE: The release of four diffusible angiogenic growth factors in human dental pulp following orthodontic force was investigated by using neutralising growth factor antibodies (NAs), individually and in four different combinations to block their effects. This study investigated if increasing the number of NAs (anti h vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), anti h fibroblast growth factor (FGF2), anti h platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and anti Transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta)) in combination resulted in a progressive reduction of the angiogenic response of the pulp. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The dental pulps from two groups of 40 premolar teeth, four teeth from each of 20 patients treated with fixed appliances for 2 weeks, were divided vertically, and sections from each half pulp co-cultured with sections of rat aorta in collagen. In one group, one of each of the four NAs, and in the other group, one of the four different NA combinations were added to the media of the co-cultures from one half of the pulp from each of the four teeth of each patient; the other half pulp co-cultures were controls. Cultures were examined daily by light microscopy for growth and number of microvessels. RESULTS: NAs significantly reduced microvessel numbers in the co-cultures when added individually (P<0.004), and in each of the four combinations (P<0.002), with a trend to progressively reduced microvessel numbers with increasing number of NAs in combination. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicated that all four angiogenic growth factors examined were released following orthodontic force application and play a role in the angiogenic response of the pulp, and that these factors may be more effective in combination.