人肝原发性恶性淋巴瘤裸小鼠原位移植模型的建立及生物学特性的研究

目的为探讨肝原发性恶性淋巴瘤发病机制和为实验治疗提供动物模型。方法采用人肝原发性恶性淋巴瘤术中新鲜组织块植入裸小鼠肝实质内，观察原位移植成瘤率和移植瘤的侵袭、转移，并进行形态学（光镜、电镜、免疫组织化学）、血清学（AFP、乙型肝炎HBsAg、LDH）、染色体核型和流式细胞仪分析。结果在裸小鼠体内建成了一株人肝原发性恶性淋巴瘤原位移植模型（命名为HLBL-0102）。移植瘤的病理组织学为肝原发性（非霍奇金B细胞性）恶性淋巴瘤，免疫组织化学显示，CD19、CD20、CIN5RO、CD79a阳性，CD3、CD7阴性，血清学AFP阴性，HBsAg、HBsAb、HBeAb及HBcAb均为阳性，LDH 1267．5U／L。染色体众数范围55-59条；移植瘤细胞DI值1．57～1．61，均为异倍体。目前该瘤株在裸鼠体内生长3年，已经传至37代，共移植裸鼠283只；肿瘤的移植生长率和液氮冻存复苏成活率均为100%。人肝原发性恶性淋巴瘤在裸鼠肝内自主侵袭性生长，瘤细胞侵入并破坏临近肝组织和门脉区内胆管及静脉．无其他组织、器官侵犯及远处淋巴结累及。原位移植瘤组织经病理学和超微结构观察，流式细胞仪DNA含量测定及染色体核型的分析，结果表明与来源人肝原发性恶性淋巴瘤细胞相一致。结论HLBL-0102是首次建立成功的人肝原发性恶性淋巴瘤裸鼠原位移植模型，完整地模拟了人肝原发性恶性淋巴瘤患者的临床过程，为研究肝原发性恶性淋巴瘤生物学和实验治疗提供了理想的动物模型。     

人原发性结直肠恶性淋巴瘤裸小鼠原位移植高转移模型的建立

目的建立人结直肠恶性淋巴瘤裸小鼠原位移植高转移模型,并探讨其生物学特性.方法将人原发性结直肠恶性淋巴瘤原发灶和肝转移灶术中新鲜瘤组织块植入裸小鼠结直肠黏膜层内,观察原位移植成瘤率、移植瘤的侵袭和转移率,并进行形态学（光镜、电镜、免疫组织化学）、染色体核型和流式细胞术分析.结果依据WHO新的恶性淋巴瘤分类法,从4例结直肠淋巴瘤标本中筛选出1株人结肠（非霍奇金B细胞）恶性淋巴瘤裸鼠原位移植肝转移模型（HCBL-0301）和1株人直肠（非霍奇金B细胞）恶性淋巴瘤裸鼠原位移植高转移模型（HRBL-0302）.移植瘤组织病理学均为非霍奇金（大B细胞性）高度恶性淋巴瘤,免疫组织化学示CD19、CD20、CD22、CD45阳性,CD3、CD7阴性.染色体众数范围55～69条.流式细胞术示DI值1.59～1.71,均为异倍体.HCBL-0301和HRBL-0302分别传至31代和27代,共移植裸鼠326只;自第3代起肿瘤的移植生长率和液氮冻存复苏成活率均为100%.HCBL-0301多转移肝右叶,转移率为100%,淋巴结转移率和腹腔种植转移率为67.4%;HRBL-0302多转移左右肝叶,转移率为63.7%,淋巴结转移率及腹腔种植转移率为56.4%.人结直肠恶性淋巴瘤在裸鼠结直肠内自主侵袭性生长,并发生血液转移、淋巴转移和腹腔内种植性转移.结论首次成功地建立人结直肠恶性淋巴瘤裸小鼠原位移植瘤模型HCBL-0301和HRBL-0302,并具有自发性高转移特点,可用于结直肠恶性淋巴瘤的基础及实验治疗研究.     

人胃恶性淋巴瘤裸小鼠原位移植模型的建立及其与生物学特性的研究

为探讨胃恶性淋巴瘤的发病机制和实验治疗提供理想的动物模型。将11例胃恶性淋巴瘤新鲜组织移植裸鼠胃粘膜下层，观察原位移植成瘤率，移植瘤的侵袭和转移，及其形态学特征（光镜，电镜，免疫组化）。从11例胃恶性淋巴 瘤标本中筛选出1株人胃恶性淋巴瘤裸鼠原位移植高转移模型和1株人胃恶性淋巴瘤裸鼠原位移植模型，分别传至36代和27代，共移植裸鼠329只。自第3代起移植成瘤率及液氮冻存复苏成活率均为100％。出现淋巴道、 血道及种植移植。原位移植瘤的病理组织学、超微结构、DNA含量测定及染色体核型分析结果均与来源人胃恶性淋巴瘤相似。人胃恶性淋巴瘤在裸鼠内自主生长，浸润破坏胃壁各层组织结构。表明此模型可用于胃恶性淋巴瘤的发病机制、侵袭、转移及实验治疗的研究。     

人肿瘤异种移植的TCD_(50)和再生延缓分析:区别及影响

在放射生物学领域里建立起了人异种移植模型。再生延缓、局部肿瘤控制适合于肿瘤放疗反应的评估。德国Essen大学做了人的异种移植肿瘤的TCD_(50)和再生延缓之间关系的研究。实验者取裸鼠为实验动物,分别取人的皮下转移的副神经节瘤、脑原发淋巴瘤、神经源肉瘤复发灶,转移至肺的恶性组织细胞瘤和喉咽鳞癌等五种恶性肿瘤为移植体。所有鼠给予全身5Gy~(60)Coγ线照射后,把2mm~3直径的肿瘤移植到裸鼠皮下,这些肿瘤体积达到120mm~3时就随机分到治疗组和对照组中去。治疗组据瘤系敏感性不同,分别给予8～80Gy~(60)Coγ     

体内连续筛选法建立人原发性小肠恶性淋巴瘤裸鼠原位移植肝转移模型

目的 采用人原发性小肠恶性淋巴瘤肝转移灶建立人小肠恶性淋巴瘤裸鼠原位移植肝转移模型,为探讨小肠恶性淋巴瘤肝转移机制提供动物模型.方法 将人小肠恶性淋巴瘤肝转移灶的新鲜组织块植入裸鼠小肠黏膜层内,成瘤后的肝转移灶移植至另一裸鼠小肠黏膜层内,在裸鼠体内重复进行4次肝转移筛选,取肝转移灶再进行裸鼠小肠移植.观察原位移植成瘤率,移植瘤的侵袭和肝转移率,进行形态学(光镜、电镜、免疫组织化学)、染色体核型和流式细胞分析.结果 由小肠恶性淋巴瘤肝转移灶成功建成人原发性小肠恶性淋巴瘤裸鼠原位移植肝转移模型(命名为HSIL-0402).该移植瘤组织病理学分型为非霍奇金淋巴瘤(弥漫型大细胞淋巴瘤,B细胞性).免疫组织化学显示CD19、CD20、CD45、CD79a阳性,CD3、CD7阴性.染色体众数56～69条,流式细胞DNA指数(DI)值1.61±0.37,均为异倍体.HSIL-0402已经传至27代,共移植裸鼠156只,肿瘤的移植生长率、肝转移率和液氮冻存复苏成活率均为100%.淋巴结转移率为67.4%,腹腔种植转移率为61.7%.人小肠恶性淋巴瘤在裸鼠小肠内自主侵袭性生长,并发生血液转移、淋巴转移和腹腔内种植性转移.结论 首次成功地建立了人小肠恶性淋巴瘤裸小鼠原位移植自发性肝转移模型HSIL-0402,为研究小肠恶性淋巴瘤肝转移生物学机制和抗转移治疗提供动物模型.     

肝癌裸鼠移植瘤端粒酶活性表达的近日节律

目的：探讨肝癌裸鼠移植瘤细胞DNA合成与端粒酶表达的近日节律。方法：在时辰同步化裸鼠中构建肝癌细胞SMMC-7721裸鼠移植瘤，继续在程控光照条件下饲养，于光照后3、9、15、21h取样，用流式细胞仪测定各时期细胞DNA含量，细胞周期分布及端粒酶活性水平。结果：肝癌裸鼠移植瘤细胞DNA合成随近日节律变化，且伴随端粒酶活性的同步节律变化，呈近日节律特征。结论：肝癌裸鼠移植瘤的生长与端粒酶活性表达在静止相达高峰，为制定肿瘤时辰化疗方案提供了有价值的参考。     

桂皮醛对裸鼠人胃癌细胞移植瘤生长及凋亡的影响

目的研究桂皮醛对肿瘤细胞的细胞毒作用和对裸鼠人胃癌SGC-7901细胞移植瘤生长及凋亡的影响。方法采用MTT法观察桂皮醛对人癌细胞体外增殖的抑制作用;建立胃癌裸鼠移植瘤模型,以不同浓度桂皮醛ip,与卡铂治疗对比,观察移植瘤的瘤重及瘤重抑制率。应用流式细胞术(FCM)检测各组裸鼠移植瘤细胞周期时相和凋亡率。通过透射电镜观察肿瘤组织细胞凋亡情况。结果桂皮醛对体外培养的7种人肿瘤细胞具有直接细胞毒作用,其半数抑制浓度(IC50)的范围为12.3~37.1μg·ml-1;桂皮醛25、50、100mg·kg-1和卡铂5mg·kg-1ip21d均能明显抑制裸鼠移植瘤的生长,抑瘤率分别为15.15%、41.67%、60.61%和65.15%。桂皮醛治疗组裸鼠移植瘤细胞S期比率升高,50、100mg·kg-1剂量组诱导移植瘤细胞凋亡率明显高于对照组。透射电镜发现桂皮醛导致移植瘤大量细胞发生凋亡,可见典型的细胞凋亡形态学变化。结论桂皮醛体内抗肿瘤作用明显,其机制与抑制肿瘤细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡有关。     

人小细胞肺癌原位移植瘤裸鼠模型的构建

目的 探索一种简便易行且成瘤率高的肺癌原位移植瘤模型的构建方法.方法 将人小细胞肺癌NCI-H446细胞悬液经皮穿刺种植到20只实验裸鼠肺内,定期记录实验裸鼠的体重变化及临床症状变化,种植肿瘤细胞后第3周末进行高分辨率CT(HRCT)扫描观察,并对所有实验裸鼠的肺组织进行病理观察.结果 20只实验裸鼠中17只HRCT扫描观察到肺内有小结节影.病理结果显示肺内结节具有人小细胞肺癌特点.本组人小细胞肺癌原位瘤模型成瘤率85%.结论 经皮穿刺肺内种植的方法能够建立人小细胞肺癌裸鼠原位移植瘤模型.     

人胃恶性淋巴瘤裸小鼠原位移植模型的建立及其生物学特性的研究

为探讨胃恶性淋巴瘤的发病机制和实验治疗提供理想的动物模型。将 11例胃恶性淋巴瘤新鲜组织移植裸鼠胃粘膜下层 ,观察原位移植成瘤率 ,移植瘤的侵袭和转移 ,及其形态学特征 (光镜 ,电镜 ,免疫组化)。从 11例胃恶性淋巴瘤标本中筛选出 1株人胃恶性淋巴瘤裸鼠原位移植高转移模型和 1株人胃恶性淋巴瘤裸鼠原位移植模型 ,分别传至 36代和 2 7代 ,共移植裸鼠 32 9只。自第 3代起移植成瘤率及液氮冻存复苏成活率均为 10 0 %。出现淋巴道、血道及种植转移。原位移植瘤的病理组织学、超微结构、DNA含量测定及染色体核型分析结果均与来源人胃恶性淋巴瘤相似。人胃恶性淋巴瘤在裸鼠胃内自主生长 ,浸润破坏胃壁各层组织结构。表明此模型可用于胃恶性淋巴瘤的发病机制、侵袭、转移及实验治疗的研究     

人小肠原发性恶性淋巴瘤裸小鼠高转移模型的建立

目的 为探讨小肠恶性淋巴瘤的发病机制和实验治疗提供理想的动物模型。方法 将人小肠恶性淋巴瘤术中原发灶新鲜组织块和肝转移灶瘤组织分别移植于裸小鼠的小肠黏膜层内和肩胛间皮下,观察原位移植和皮下移植的成瘤率、移植瘤的侵袭和转移率。进行形态学(光镜、电镜和免疫组织化学)、染色体核型、流式细胞分析。结果 5例人小肠恶性淋巴瘤标本中3例移植成功。依据WHO新的分类标准,从中筛选出1株同一人体瘤源人小肠原发性(非霍奇金B细胞性)恶性淋巴瘤裸鼠原位移植高转移模型(HSIL-0101)和皮下移植高转移模型(HSIL-0102)。移植瘤病理组织学为非霍奇金(大B细胞性)高度恶性淋巴瘤;免疫组化显示CD19、CD20、CD22、CD45阳性,CD3、CD7阴性。染色体众数55～59条;流式细胞示DI值1．47～1．49,均为异倍体。HSIL-0101和HSIL-0102分别传至32和38代;共移植裸鼠357只;肿瘤的移植生长率和液氮冻存复苏成活率均为100％。HSIL-0101肝和淋巴结转移率为100％;HSIL-0102肝转移率为63．5％,淋巴结转移率为62．7％。移植瘤在裸鼠的小肠内和皮下侵袭性生长,发生血行(肝、脾)转移、淋巴转移和腹腔内种植性转移。结论 HSIL-0101和HSIL-0102是首次成功建立的人小肠恶性淋巴瘤裸鼠原位移植和皮下移植均出现自发性高转移的模型,可用于小肠恶性淋巴瘤的发病机制、侵袭、转移及实验治疗的研究。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.