Effect of Short-term Psychiatric Intervention in Amputees

A total of 40 patients with limb amputations were included in the present study aimed at evaluating the psychological status of amputees. All patients filled a specially designed proforma and the following psychological questionnaires: General Health Questionnaire, Carroll Rating Scale for Depression, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test and Disability Assessment Questionnaire. Analysis of the results showed that 29 (72.5%) of the amputees had psychiatric disorders and this number had reduced to 20 (50%) after therapy. The difference was statistically significant. Psychiatric treatment also resulted in a statistically significant reduction in level of depression as measured by Carroll Rating scale for Depression. The amputees had the highest score on vocational subscale of Dysfunction Analysis Questionnaire. Short term psychiatric treatment was found to be very useful in treating psychiatric morbidity and depression in amputees.Key Words: Amputees, Depression, Psychiatric morbidity     

PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATION OF LIMB FRACTURE PATIENTS

The study included 70 consecutive patients with fracture of the lower and upper limbs each and an equal number of age and sex matched normal control subjects. All the subjects were screened using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), Carroll Rating Scale for Depression (CRSD), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Impact of Events Scale (IES), Fatigue Scale (FS) and the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ). Probable “Psychiatric cases” identified by the questionnaires underwent diagnostic psychiatric evaluation. As compared to normal controls, the limb fracture patients obtained significantly higher scores on the GHQ, MAST, CRSD, IES & FS but not on the STAI & PSQ. Psychiatric evaluation revealed significantly higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders in lower limb fracture patients (n=31) as compared to upper limb fracture patients (n=18) and control subjects (n=6). Limb fracture patients had a high prevalence of alcohol dependence/abuse (243%) and depressive disorders (6.4%). The results indicate that psychological intervention would greatly facilitate the management of these patients.KEY WORDS: Alcohol dependence, Depression, Limb fracture patients, Psychological morbidity     

胃癌患者焦虑抑郁情绪障碍调查与心理干预效果观察

目的评估胃癌患者的焦虑、抑郁状态,分析影响焦虑、抑郁心理的相关因素,提出心理干预对策。方法调查采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和影响因素调查问卷表,并对结果进行统计分析。结果 81.12%的胃癌患者出现了不同程度焦虑、抑郁状态。引起胃癌患者焦虑抑郁的主要原因是害怕自己是胃癌、对手术效果怀疑、担心经济承受力等。经心理干预后,患者的焦虑、抑郁症状明显改善,与心理干预前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论医护人员不仅要重视对患者躯体疾病的治疗更应关注并及时疏导患者所出现的心理问题,最大限度恢复患者的身心健康。     

Treatment of major depression and anxiety with the selective serotonin re-uptake enhancer tianeptine in the outpatient psychiatric care setting of India

In the outpatient psychiatric care setting, patients with major depression and anxiety comply poorly with traditional tricyclic antidepressants and specific serotonin re-uptake inhibitor treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the low drop out rate reported with tianeptine in randomised studies is also reflected in daily outpatient psychiatric practice. In a six-week prospective multicentre study, treatment with tianeptine (12.5mg thrice daily) in 314 patients with major depression and anxiety, drawn from 25 randomly selected outpatient psychiatric practices across India was assessed. Outcome measures were frequency of drop outs due to side-effects and change in depression and anxiety rating scale scores. Intention to treat analysis showed that 7 patients (2.3%) discontinued treatment due to side-effects. Patients with an improvement of at least 50% from baseline on Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) increased from 18.5% at week 3 to 53.0% at week 6; on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), patient responders likewise increased from 22.6% at three weeks to 52.2% at six weeks. When used in the setting of day to day outpatient psychiatric practice, tianeptine is a well-tolerated and effective antidepressant. It could serve as a useful alternative, and improve the present low compliance with treatment in patients with major depression and anxiety.     

终末期肾衰患者的精神症状与生活质量的相关分析

目的:探讨终末期肾衰患者焦虑、抑郁症状与生活质量的关系。方法:采用健康相关生活质量量表(SF-36)调查57例终末期肾衰患者生活质量,SF-36包括8个纬度,体能(PCS)和精神(MCS)两方面总分;分别用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评估患者抑郁、焦虑症状,并将其分为抑郁组与非抑郁组、焦虑组与非焦虑组,比较生活质量组间差异。结果:抑郁症状的发生率为38.6%,焦虑症状的发生率为54.4%。抑郁、焦虑评分与生活质量8个纬度中7项呈负相关,与PCS和MCS呈负相关(P<0.05)。抑郁组、焦虑组以及二者共存组的生活质量明显低于无相应精神症状组患者(P<0.05)。结论:终末期肾衰患者焦虑症状和抑郁症状发生率较高,与患者生活质量相关。有效改善患者精神症状可能是提高患者生活质量途径之一。     

上海市综合性医院精神科门诊医师对抑郁症识别及治疗的对照研究

目的比较综合性医院精神科门诊中专科和非专科医生对抑郁症的不同识别情况及治疗效果,分析影响抑郁症识别的相关因素。方法对就诊于上海市9所综合性医院精神科门诊的680例初诊患者使用复合式国际诊断检查（CIDI）抑郁标准进行筛查,与首诊医师诊断进行比较。共收集抑郁症患者297例,并对这些患者进行汉密顿抑郁量表24项（HAMD）、汉密顿焦虑量表（HAMA）的评估,利用“上海市综合医院精神科门诊非专科医师基本情况调查表”对非专科医师进行调查。结果680例初诊患者中,专科医师正确识别337例,非专科医师正确识别216例,两者对抑郁症的识别率差异有统计学意义（x^2=30．73,P=0．000）。专科医师对抑郁症的识别能力高于非专科医师,专科医师与CIDI及专家复核诊断的一致性高,Kappa值为0．774,非专科医师与CIDI及专家复核诊断的一致性偏低,Kappa值为0．439。专科组的治疗效果优于非专科组,在治疗后第4周、第8周、第12周随访时HAMD总分及各因子分比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。非专科医师从事精神科工作的年限和每年接受精神科知识培训的时间,对抑郁症的识别有显著影响（P〈0．05）。结论综合医院精神科中的非专科医师对抑郁症的识别和治疗能力偏低,接受精神卫生专科知识培训不足,需加强对综合医院精神卫生科室服务质量的管理。     

对乳腺癌患者焦虑抑郁情绪的研究及心理伦理干预

目的探讨乳腺癌患者焦虑抑郁情绪和正常人群焦虑抑郁情绪的差别,为心理伦理治疗提供依据。方法随机选取乳腺癌患者100例和正常对照组患者100例,采用心理问卷和心理量表测试,分别对两组研究对象进行一次性完成症状自评量表（SCL290）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）的测试及评定,然后对两组患者进行比较,并提出伦理对策。结果乳腺癌患者焦虑抑郁情绪明显的高于正常人群（P〈0．05）,焦虑抑郁情绪得分分别为89％和18％（P〈0．05）,心理伦理治疗势在必行。结论乳腺癌患者具有更高的焦虑抑郁情绪发生率,对乳腺癌患者进行治疗时,要加强心理咨询和心理治疗等心理伦理方面的干预,以减轻焦虑抑郁情绪的发生率,提高病人的生活质量。     

帕金森病人抑郁焦虑相关危险因素调查及心理护理对策

目的:探讨帕金森病(PD)的焦虑抑郁相关危险因素和神经心理学特点以便有的放矢对病人心理护理。方法:要求病人在清醒、服药后采取面对面访谈的形式进行调查,运用简易智能状态检查量表(MMSE)、汉密顿焦虑量表、汉密顿抑郁量表、由医生、病人、家属、护士共同完成。多因素分析采用非条件Logistic逐步回归模型。结果:回归分析发现PD患者伴发的抑郁和焦虑与病程运动障碍程度(UPDRS)、认知障碍呈正相关:PD人UPDRS、年龄对发生焦虑、抑郁危险因素在统计学上存在显著差异;PD人、认知损伤程度、UPDRS、病程对发生焦虑危险因素大于1。结论:重视PD患者的抑郁和焦虑情绪变化,加强疾病健康教育及心理护理。     

Diagnostic variability and therapeutic efficacy of ECT in Nepalese sample

Background: Though electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been used in Nepal for last twenty years, researches regarding its use, its efficacy and other data are non-existent. Aims: The objective of this study was to know about diagnostic variability and therapeutic efficacy of the use of ECT in hospitalized patients. Methods: This is a prospective comparative study between patients who received ECT and who did not using ICD-10 as diagnostic confirmation. Psychopathology was evaluated using Brief Psychiatric Research Scale (BPRS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) between the groups at admission, at discharge, at 1st month, at 6th month and at 12th month. Functional assessment of patients was done using Global Assessment of Function (GAF). Modified ECT was performed using general anaesthetic agent. Results: 47 patients received ECT as compared to 78 patients who were non-receivers. The patients with most common five diagnosis were paranoid schizophrenia (14.4%); psychotic depression (13.6%) ; undifferentiated schizophrenia (8.8%) ; bipolar mania (7.2% ) ;severe depression without psychosis (5.6%) . There was significant decrease in BPRS in ECT receiver as compared to non-receivers at discharge (p=0.0001), 1st month (p=0.0001), 6th month (p=0.0001) and 12th month (p=0.0001) ; in YMRS at discharge (p=.008), 1st month (p=.002) and at 12th month (p=.015) ; in HAMD-M at discharge (p=0.0001), at 1st month (p=0.0001), at 6th month (p=0.0001) and at 12th month (p=0.0001) ; in GAF at discharge (p=0.0001), at 6th month (p=0.0001) and at 12th month (p=0.0001). Conclusion: There was significant improvement in overall psychopathology of patients who received ECT as compared to non-receivers. The improvement was shown by decrement in scores in BPRS, YMRS, HDRS and GAF at the time of discharge, 1st month, 6th month and 12th month which were statistically significant. Day to day functional status of patients also improved as shown by GAF. The efficacy of ECT was very significantly shown in this study with all the psychiatric spectrum disorders. Key words: ECT, YMRS, HAM-D, BPRS, GAF, Diagnostic variability.     

认知心理护理对产后抑郁症患者情绪的影响

目的:探讨认知心理护理对产后抑郁症患者情绪的影响。方法:60例产后抑郁症患者随机分为研究组与对照组,每组各30例,两组均给予舍曲林治疗和常规护理,研究组在此基础上进行认知心理护理干预,观察4周。在干预前和干预后4周末,分别用抑郁自评量表(SDS)和汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)进行测评。结果:SDS和HAMD评分干预前两组间差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05),干预4周后,研究组SDS、HAMD评分显著下降且明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。结论:认知心理护理能显著促进产后抑郁症患者抑郁情绪的缓解。     

精神科急诊患者的自杀危险因素分析

目的 旨在评估精神科急诊患者自杀的临床、心理、社会学和生物学危险因素。方法 对首都医科大学附属北京安定医院2015至2017年精神科急诊就诊患者进行横断面分析,采用自杀危险因素评估表对患者进行自杀想法和行为(suicidal thoughts and behaviors,STB)检测,得分≤10分和>10分分别表示STB的存在和不存在,多因素Logistic回归分析确定STB的危险因素。结果 共纳入12 345例患者,其中女性6 885例(56%)。患者年龄36(27～50)岁,简明精神病评定量表(Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale,BPRS)总分、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton Anxiety Scale,HAMA)总分、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton Depression Scale,HAMD)总分、杨氏躁狂量表(Yung Manic Rating Scale,YMRS)总分平均分分别为32(27～39)分、7(3～13)分、10(6～15)分和7(4～18)分。根据自杀风险评估表,有3 436例(27.83%)患者有STB的危险。多因素分析显示,居住地、性别、婚姻状况、同住者、受教育年限、职业状况、与父母和兄弟姐妹的关系、诱因、性格、确定诊断、躯体疾病、简明精神疾病总分、焦虑总分、抑郁总分、躁狂总分、就医时间、精神科住院总次数是STB的独立危险因素。结论 精神科急诊患者自杀风险较高,以中青年为主,尤其以男性、未婚、失业、社会和家庭支持较差的精神疾病患者为著。STB在这一人群中受到生理、心理和社会因素的影响。     

Clinical Research of Acupuncture on Malignant Tumor Patients for Improving Depression and Sleep Quality

Objective:To study the effect of acupuncture on depression and insomnia of malignant tumor patients.Methods:Eighty cases of cancer related depression and sleep disorders were randomly divided into 2 groups:treatmentl group(acupuncture n=40) and control group(Fluoxetione n=40).All patients were assessed by Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS),Hemilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) after treatment for 30 days.Results:Before treatment the SDS and HAMD scores of the trial group were 64.12±5.34 and 20.92±2.38,those of the control group were 64.24±4.98 and 20.72±2.74,after treatment the SDS and HAMD scores of the trial group were 43.64±5.28 and 9.88±1.27 respectively,significantly lower than those of the control group(50.76±5.42 and 13.72±2.05 respectively,both P<0.05).Before treatment the PSQI score of the trial group and the control group were 14.48±1.71 and13.92±2.59,after treatment the PSQI score of the trial group was 7.92±1.22 after treatment,significantly lower than those of the control group(11.44±1.89,P<0.01).Conclusion:Acupuncture can effectively reduce malignant-related depression,improve sleep quality,and help to improve the quality of life of cancer patients.     

心理护理对癌症患者情绪的影响

目的探讨对癌症患者进行心理护理能否改善患者情绪障碍。方法对我院100例癌症患者进行心理护理,包括告之患有癌症、癌症的治疗与预后、癌症应对方法、癌症患者同伴教育等,比较心理护理前后患者的焦虑、抑郁程度变化。结果患者焦虑总分、精神症状总分、躯体症状总分在心理护理后明显低于心理护理前,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,且随着心理护理的开展,焦虑程度进一步下降。心理护理前患者中无抑郁者3例（3%）,轻度抑郁36例（36%）,中度抑郁43例（43%）,重度抑郁18例（18%）;心理护理后无抑郁者26例（26%）,轻度抑郁45例（45%）,中度抑郁22例（22%）,重度抑郁7例（7%）,心理护理前后患者抑郁程度差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论心理护理可有效减轻癌症患者抑郁焦虑程度,提高心理卫生水平。     

米氮平与氟伏沙明治疗70例老年抑郁症对照研究

目的:探索米氮平与氟伏沙明治疗老年抑郁症的临床疗效及安全性。方法:将70例老年抑郁症患者随机分成口服米氮平组和氟伏沙明组各35例,分别以米氮平及氟伏沙明治疗。疗程6周,在治疗前及治疗后1、2、4、6周末采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)及副反应量表(TESS)评定临床疗效和不良反应。结果:两组治疗后,汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分较治疗前有显著下降(P<0.01),米氮平组在治疗1、2、4周下降显著(P<0.05),治疗6周末后两组均无显著性差异(P>0.05),米氮平组显效率为82%,氟伏沙明组显效率为76.8%,两组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。米氮平组起效快;米氮平组的不良反应较氟伏沙明组少而轻。结论:米氮平治疗老年抑郁症的疗效与氟伏沙明相当,但米氮平起效更快,安全性更高,更适合老年抑郁症患者。     

西酞普兰与氟西汀对2型糖尿病伴抑郁患者血糖影响的对照研究

目的比较西酞普兰和氟西汀治疗2型糖尿病伴抑郁患者的效果和对血糖的影响。方法将60例2型糖尿病伴抑郁患者随机分为两组,分别给予西酞普兰和氟西汀治疗8周,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD,24项)评定疗效。测定血糖,采用放射免疫法测定皮质醇水平。结果治疗8周后,西酞普兰组显效率为70%、总有效率为93.33%;氟西汀组分别为66.67%、90%;两组疗效比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。两组治疗后的血糖、血浆皮质醇水平均显著降低,与本组治疗前比较差异均有高度显著性(P均<0.01),但两组间治疗后比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论西酞普兰和氟西汀对改善2型糖尿病伴抑郁患者的症状疗效明显,并且能控制血糖水平。     

抑郁症患者血液同型半胱氨酸和叶酸水平的研究

目的 研究血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）和血清叶酸水平与抑郁症的关系;并研究抑郁症患者治疗前后血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）和血清叶酸水平的变化。方法 采用电化学发光技术检测30例抑郁症患者（符合DSM-Ⅳ重性抑郁症诊断标准）治疗前、治疗4周、6周和健康对照组的血清叶酸水平;采用小分子捕获技术,循环酶法测血浆Hcy。比较患者组治疗前和对照组血液叶酸、Hcy水平,分析Hcy与抑郁程度的关系。比较HAMD减分率〉50％的患者治疗前后血浆Hcy水平的变化。统计方法用t检验,χ^2检验,方差分析,相关回归分析。结果患者组治疗前叶酸水平为（7.46±1．69）μg／L,与对照组（7．67±2．44）μg／L无显著差异（t=0．632,P=0．534）。患者组治疗前Hcy水平（19．03±7．42）μmol／L显著高于对照组（9．60±3．43）μmol／L（t=6．885,P=0．000）。患者组治疗前高同型半胱氨酸血症（HHcy）发生率显著高于对照组（66．7％比10％,P=0．000）。6周达临床缓解的患者血浆Hcy水平16．24±5．63较治疗前明显下降（t=2．801,P=0．013）。血浆Hcy水平与抑郁程度正相关（r=0．430,P=0．018）。结论本研究样本抑郁症住院患者血浆Hcy水平及HHcy发生率显著高于正常对照组;抑郁症患者血浆中Hcy水平与其抑郁程度呈正相关,随着病情好转其血浆中Hcy水平下降。     

持续性血液透析病人患焦虑抑郁干预前后的对比研究

目的：探讨持续血液透析病人焦虑、抑郁的发生情况，并对其实施心理治疗干预，探讨心理干预的效果。方法：应用汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）和抑郁量表（HRSD）及自行设计的基本情况调查表，对我院94位进行持续性血液透析病人进行调查，并开展心理干预治疗。结果：干预前焦虑发生率为94.7%，严重焦虑病人占39.4%，干预24周时严重焦虑发生率下降到1.1%；4个时间点患者焦虑的发生状况差别有统计学意义。干预前患者抑郁发生率为100%，严重抑郁病人占63.8%，干预后24周时严重抑郁发生率下降到5.3%，4个时间点患者抑郁的发生状况差别有统计学意义；结论：持续血液透析病人易产生焦虑、抑郁，透析期间医护人员对其心理治疗干预能有效的改善患者的心理障碍。     

Depression and anxiety in hypothyroidism

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and severity of depression and anxiety in patients with hypothyroidism and to compare this with euthyroid patients. Thirty patients with hypothyroidism and 30 euthyroid controls attending the Endocrinology outpatient department of Celal Bayar University, Medical Faculty were included in the study. The hormonal screening was done by immunoassay and haemagglutination methods. Then, for psychiatric assessment, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) were used. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of demographic features. Total scores obtained from the scales used in the study did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). The frequency of items of both HAM-D and HAM-A did not show any differences in the two groups. By Wilks' Lambda discriminant analysis, depressive mood (HAM-D#1) was found to be the discriminating feature between the hypothyroid group and the euthyroid group. Therefore, depression and anxiety were not outstanding features in hypothyrodism. However, depression was more significant in the hypothyroid than euthyroid group.     

铅中毒患儿家属的心理状态及护理对策

目的分析铅中毒患儿家属心理状况并探讨有效的护理对策。方法选择2009年12月-2012年6月于湖北省武汉市职业病防治院就诊的29例铅中毒患儿的45名家属,父亲和（或）母亲,作为研究对象,分为两组,在积极救治患儿的同时,对照组20名家长未接受护理,观察组25名家长接受相应的护理,分别采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）对患儿父母的心理状态进行评估。结果护理前两组家长的SAS、SDS评分比较,组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;护理后两组家长的SAS、SDS评分比较,观察组明显优于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;观察组患儿的血铅水平改善更为明显,组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论铅中毒患儿家长存在一定的心理问题,针对性的护理可以明显改善其焦虑、抑郁状况,有利于患儿的康复。     

不同药物联合利培酮及认知行为治疗残留型精神分裂症的疗效分析

目的 研究分析2种不同药物联合利培酮及认知行为治疗残留型精神分裂症的临床疗效。 方法 选取2013年1月—2016年1月绍兴市第七人民医院精神科收治的残留型精神分裂症患者180例,治疗医师采用双盲方法将所有患者随机平分为2组,观察组行盐酸舍曲林片联合利培酮及认知行为治疗,对照组行氯氮平联合利培酮及认知行为治疗。对2组患者进行临床疗效评估,观察并记录2组患者精神分裂症认知功能成套测验(MCCB)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、个人自尊量表(SES)、个体和社会功能量表(PSP)和自知力评估。 结果 2组患者治疗后1个月行临床疗效评估,观察组临床疗效有效率(93.33%)高于对照组(84.44%),差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。2组治疗后各项评分比较,观察组治疗后的汉密尔顿抑郁量表、汉密尔顿焦虑量表、自知力评估评分显著低于对照组治疗后,而观察组治疗后的个人自尊量表、个体和社会功能量表评分显著高于对照组治疗后,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。 结论 盐酸曲舍林片联合利培酮及认知行为治疗可有效改善残留型精神分裂症患者的阴性症状、认知社会功能、提高生活质量,适合在临床广泛应用。