妊娠期急性阑尾炎82例临床分析

目的：探讨妊娠期急性阑尾炎的治疗方法与疗效。方法：对我院8年间收治的82例妊娠期急性阑尾炎患者的临床资料进行回顾分析。结果：82例患者中69例患者诊断后行手术治疗，13例保守治疗，其中3例保守治疗无效改手术治疗。3例流产，1例早产，无孕产妇死亡。结论：妊娠期阑尾炎与非妊娠期阑尾炎有不同的临床特点，应及早诊断，及时手术治疗。术后合理使用抗生素及保胎治疗。     

Comparison of pre-operative bilirubin level in simple appendicitis and perforated appendicitis

Background

Delay in diagnosis and treatment of perforated appendicitis may cause life-threatening complications.The aim of this study was to determine and compare pre-operative total and direct bilirubin levels incases of simple and perforated acute appendicitis in order to improve the clinical decision making.

Methods

This prospective observational study included eighty patients who underwent open appendectomy,during a one-year period from March 2010 to March 2011 in the surgical department of Hazrat-e-Rasool AkramHospital, an academic teaching hospital in Tehran- Iran. Pre-operative total and direct levels of bilirubin werecompared in two groups of histologically proved appendicitis (simple and perforated), each including 40 patients.

Results

Eighty patients who underwent open appendectomy including 70% men and 30% women with a meanage of 34±11 years in Group I (perforated appendicitis) and 47.5% women and 52.5% men with a mean age of33±14 in Group II (simple appendicitis) were included in this study. The mean bilirubin levels were higher forpatients with perforated acute appendicitis compared to those with a non-perforated simple appendicitis(1.04±05 mg/dl vs 0.7±0.1 mg/dl) and this difference is highly significant (p<0.01).

Conclusion

Assessment of preoperative total bilirubin is useful for the differential diagnosis of perforatedversus acute simple appendicitis and total bilirubin should be used as an independent parameter in the early diagnosisof appendix perforation     

Pattern and presentation of acute abdomen in a Nigerian teaching hospital

Background:

Abdominal pain of sudden onset is the hallmark of most non-traumatic emergency surgical presentations. This presents a scenario of urgency to the young surgeon who has to determine which of a myriad of disease conditions the patient is presenting with. Such a physician has to rely on experience and a sound knowledge of the local aetiological spectrum in making a clinical diagnosis.

Objective:

To determine the epidemiology and aetiological spectrum of diseases presenting as acute abdomen in the adult population at the hospital surgical emergency unit.

Patients and Methods:

Two hundred and seventy-six patients presenting at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital emergency unit and managed by the general surgeons between 1^st of May 2009 and 30^th of April 2010 were recruited and followed-up throughout the period of admission. The biodata and clinical information inclusive of diagnosis, investigations, treatment modality and outcome were entered in a structured questioner. Standardised treatment was given to all patients and difficulties encountered in their management were also noted. The data collected was evaluated using SPSS16.

Results:

Acute abdomen constituted 9.6% of total surgical emergency admissions with patients aged 16-45 years constituting 78.3%. The commonest cause of acute abdomen was appendicitis (30.3%) followed by intestinal obstruction (27.9%), perforated typhoid ileitis 14.9% and peptic ulcer disease (7.6%), respectively.

Conclusion:

The result from the study is similar to what has been reported in other tropical settings with inflammatory lesions being the major problem. There is also a rising incidence of post-operative adhesions and gradual decline in incidence of obstructed hernia.     

妊娠合并急性阑尾炎35例临床分析

目的 探讨妊娠合并急性阑尾炎的临床特征。方法 回顾性分析35例妊娠合并急性阑尾炎的临床资料。结果35例中,处于妊娠早、中期25例,晚期10例;29例表现为右下腹痛,35例均有腹部压痛、消化道症状,30例有发热;急诊行阑尾切除术26例,保守9例（其中5例至阑尾穿孔）;并发先兆流产5例,先兆早产7例。胎儿宫内窘迫1例,死胎1例,宫内感染1例,其中死胎、早产和宫内感染均发生于行保守治疗病例。结论 妊娠合并阑尾炎一经确诊应及时手术,有助于改善母婴预后。     

腹腔镜下阑尾切除术40例报告

目的探讨对急性阑尾炎患者实施腹腔镜下阑尾切除术的优势.方法回顾性分析我院2009年5月-2011年2月40例急性阑尾炎患者行腹腔镜下阑尾切除术,并同期处理腹腔内伴随其他疾病.结果40例均于腹腔镜下顺利完成阑尾切除术,其中肥胖患者26例(BMI≥30),14例伴有不同程度其他疾病,手术时间20-65min,平均30min,无中转开腹,无术后出血、肠漏、残株炎、trocar口感染、肠梗阻等并发症发生.术后2-5d痊愈出院.术后病理报告:急性单纯性阑尾炎10例,急性化脓性阑尾炎22例,急性坏疽性阑尾炎8例.38例术后随访6-24个月,平均12个月,均未发生与腹腔镜和手术本身相关并发症.结论腹腔镜下阑尾切除术具有手术创伤小、康复快、切口感染率低,对肥胖患者优势更明显,将逐步取代传统手术.     

妊娠合并急性阑尾炎手术时机分析

目的 比较妊娠合并急性阑尾炎不同手术时机对妊娠结局的影响.方法回顾性分析86例妊娠合并急性阑尾炎患者临床资料,分为急诊手术组(确诊后24小时内手术)和延迟手术组(确诊24小时后手术).比较两组间手术时间、住院时间、感染并发症、医疗费用和对妊娠的影响.结果 91%的患者经病理诊断为阑尾炎.两组间年龄、怀孕周数比较无统计学...     

妊娠期急性阑尾炎的诊断及围术期处理

目的探讨妊娠合并急性阑尾炎的临床特征及处理。方法回顾性分析32例妊娠合并急性阑尾炎的临床资料。结果32例中,处于妊娠早、中期22例,晚期10例。29例表现为右下腹痛,32例均有腹部压痛及消化道症状,发热27例。急诊行阑尾切除术23例,保守治疗9例（其中4例致阑尾穿孔）。合并先兆流产5例,先兆早产6例,胎儿宫内窘迫2例,死胎1例,宫内感染1例。其中死胎、早产和宫内感染均发生于行保守治疗病例。结论妊娠期合并急性阑尾炎的患者,及时的诊断和治疗是处理本病的关键。对于诊断明确,症状、体征严重的患者,不论妊娠周期如何,手术治疗为首选的治疗方法。     

腹腔镜治疗妊娠合并阑尾炎的临床观察

目的探讨腹腔镜治疗妊娠合并阑尾炎的手术效果。方法我院2005年2月～2008年12月之间共收治了185例阑尾炎患者,采取腹腔镜阑尾切除术患者共73例(39%),其中妊娠伴发阑尾炎6例(3.2%)。总结分析6例患者的临床手术资料,并对患者术后住院时间、并发症等进行跟踪随访。结果 6例患者均行腹腔镜阑尾切除术,无中转开腹。术后5例经病理诊断为阑尾炎,1例证实是右侧输卵管扭转,阑尾正常,行输卵管矫正手术和预防性的腹腔镜阑尾切除术。平均手术时间约40min,术后住院时间5.5d,无并发症发生。随访平均14个月,4例患者分娩健康婴儿,1例患者人工流产,1例产前检查正常。结论早、中期妊娠合并阑尾炎采取腹腔镜阑尾切除术安全可行。     

妊娠期急性阑尾炎的临床诊断及治疗

目的探讨妊娠期急性阑尾炎的临床特点及其诊治方法。方法回顾性分析39例妊娠期急性阑尾炎患者的临床资料。结果 39例妊娠期急性阑尾炎患者行手术治疗32例,保守治疗7例,先兆流产5例,流产1例,早产1例。结论妊娠期急性阑尾炎可发生于妊娠各期,早期诊断和及时手术治疗是决定预后的关键。     

Patient satisfaction following emergency admission via a surgical assessment unit and an emergency department

Aim

Acute surgical patients are admitted to our regional hospital through the emergency department (ED) and through a new surgical assessment unit (SAU). The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of the two units in seeing and assessing acute surgical patients, as well as patients’ satisfaction with their experiences in both units.

Methods

A patient satisfaction scoring questionnaire was distributed to 115 consecutive surgical patients attending the SAU and ED over an 8-week period. Patients’ impressions of waiting times, pain management and interactions with staff were detailed. The actual times taken for assessment, admission and discharge were recorded and compared with those perceived by the patients.

Results

Patients’ perceptions of care were very high within both the ED and the SAU, with 95 % of SAU patients reporting their care as excellent or very good compared with 86 % of ED patients (p = 0.014). Patients were assessed considerably faster in the SAU compared with the ED, with an average wait from registration to admission or discharge totalling 5 h in the SAU compared with 12 h in the ED.

Conclusion

The SAU provides an effective and efficient mode of assessment of acute surgical patients. While patients were discharged faster from the SAU than the ED, patients rated both units highly in terms of satisfaction with the service provided.     

Malaria in Pregnancy

Background

Malaria in pregnancy contributes to low birth weight and increased infant mortality.

Methods

The study included 416 pregnant women reporting with fever and the impact of malaria on pregnancy was assessed.

Result

The study revealed that the protozoal infection affects second trimester more commonly. It increases the chances of abortions, intrapartum foetal distress and meconium stained amniotic fluid.

Conclusion

Malaria is an important cause of feto-maternal morbidity during pregnancy.Key Words: Malaria in pregnancy, Plasmodium     

Can fruit seeds and undigested plant residuals cause acute appendicitis

Objective

To investigate the relation between fruit seeds, plants residuals and appendicitis.

Methods

Among cases that underwent appendectomy, the appendicitis cases having fruit seeds and undigested plant residuals in their etiology were examined retrospectively. Also, histopathological features, age, sex, and parameters of morbidity and mortality were used.

Results

Fruit seed was found in one case (0.05%) with presence of pus in appendix lumen, undigested plant residuals in 7 cases (0.35%). It was determined that there were appendix inflammation in 2 of the plant residuals cases, while there were obstruction and lymphoid hyperplasia in the appendix lumen of 5 cases. No mortality was observed.

Conclusions

The ratio of acute appendicitis caused by plants is minimal among all appendectomised patients, but avoidence of eating undigested fruit seeds and chewing plants well may help to prevent appendicitis.     

腹腔镜治疗小儿急性阑尾炎252临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜在小儿急性阑尾切除术中的应用价值。方法回顾分析我院252例腹腔镜下阑尾切除术患儿的临床资料,总结其诊断、治疗及效果。结果除2例中转开腹手术外,其余均在腹腔镜下完成手术,平均手术时间(45.3±5.1)min,术中出血(3.1±0.5)ml,术后恢复饮食时间(15.6±3.9)h,平均住院时间(6.3±0.9)d。术后病理提示单纯性阑尾炎59例,化脓性阑尾炎127例,坏疽性阑尾炎66例。其中1例中转开腹的患儿切口感染,Trocar孔感染2例,Trocar孔血肿2例,均经治疗后痊愈,随访2～24个月,无肠粘连、肠梗阻等并发症。结论腹腔镜适用于各种类型的小儿急性阑尾炎,是一种安全的手术方式,具有手术时间短、瘢痕小、出血少、创伤小、并发症少、术后恢复快等优点。     

Are routine peritoneal fluid cultures during appendicectomy justified?

Background

To determine the impact of obtaining routine peritoneal fluid cultures during appendicectomy, on the treatment and the clinical outcomes.

Methods

The case notes of 137 consecutive patients having appendicectomy, selected from the microbiology database over a period of 1 year were reviewed. The microorganisms in peritoneal cultures, selection of antibiotics and clinical outcomes were recorded. Patients were subdivided into two groups; group I: uncomplicated appendicitis and group II: complicated appendicitis.

Results

The study included 137 patients with a median age of 19 years. Cultures were obtained from 79.5% of patients (group I: 67/84, group II: 42/53). Cultures were positive in 28.3% (19/67) patients in group I and 69% (29/42) in group II. Wound infection (5.6%), prolonged ileus (7.5%) and intra-abdominal abscess (3.7%) were the recorded complications in group II. Antibiotics were modified in 3 out of 109 patients.

Conclusion

Intra-operative peritoneal cultures during appendicectomy do not significantly contribute towards patient management.

     

Evaluation of Waiting Times and Sonographic Findings in Patients with First Trimester Vaginal Bleeding at the University Hospital of the West Indies. Can Emergency Department Ultrasound Make a Difference?

Background:

Pregnant female patients with vaginal bleeding in the first trimester are seen commonly in the Emergency Department (ED) at the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI), Kingston, Jamaica. The protocol for the management of these patients requires that they have a sonographic evaluation performed for the purpose of localizing the pregnancy where possible, to assist with determining the risk for an ectopic pregnancy. The ultrasound examinations are performed in the radiology department.

Objective:

This retrospective study was conducted to evaluate how long patients wait for a pelvic ultrasound. We also sought to establish how many patients had ultrasound findings that would have allowed safe discharge home.

Methods:

The records of 150 patients seen in the six-month period from January 1 to July 30, 2008 were examined. Data were extracted pertaining to age, time to see an emergency room doctor, time taken for ultrasound examination to be obtained from the radiology department and the ultrasound findings.

Result:

Fifty-four per cent presented to the Emergency Department with a complaint of vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain, 29% with bleeding only, 16% with abdominal pain only and one with syncope. One hundred and sixteen of the patients enrolled had an ultrasound performed at UHWI. The average waiting time for an ultrasound was 3.8 ± 2.5 hours. The majority (66/116) of the patients had an intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) demonstrated on ultrasound. Twenty-nine had no IUP, free fluid or adnexal mass. These 95 patients would likely have been discharged home. Ten patients had an adnexal mass with or without free fluid, and ten had free fluid only on ultrasound. One patient was found to have a definite ectopic pregnancy. These 21 patients would have been referred for evaluation by the obstetrician on call for further management.

Conclusion:

The majority of patients had sonographic findings that would have allowed safe and timely discharge from the Emergency Department had ultrasound been available at the point of care.     

Prevalence of oral lesions and measurement of salivary pH in the different trimesters of pregnancy

INTRODUCTION

Oral changes observed during pregnancy have been studied for many years, but their magnitude and frequency have not been stressed upon. This study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of oral lesions during different trimesters of pregnancy and their correlation with salivary pH change.

METHODS

The gingival, simplified oral hygiene, community periodontal and decayed-missing-filled teeth indices were used to assess a total of 120 pregnant women (40 in each trimester group) and 40 nonpregnant women (control group). Salivary pH was measured using a digital pH meter. Presence of any oral lesions was determined via oral examination.

RESULTS

Scores for all indices increased while salivary pH decreased from the control group to the first trimester group, through to the third. Oral lesions were seen in 44.2% of pregnant women. Lesions were seen in 27.5%, 52.5% and 52.5% of women in the first, second and third trimesters, respectively. The percentage of pregnant women with one oral lesion was highest in the second trimester (47.5%), whereas the third trimester had the highest prevalence (17.5%) of two concurrent oral lesions. The incidence of fissured tongue was highest in the first trimester group, and that of gingival enlargement was highest in the third trimester group. In the second trimester group, there was an almost equal incidence of fissured tongue and gingival/mucosal enlargement.

CONCLUSION

Most changes in oral tissues during pregnancy can be avoided with good oral hygiene. Salivary pH could be used to assess the prevalence of oral lesions in the different trimesters of pregnancy.     

Ultrasonography in Patients with Suspected Acute Appendicitis

Background

To evaluate the usefulness and limitations of graded compression ultrasonography in the diagnosis of clinically equivocal cases of suspected acute appendicitis at the setting of mid zonal military hospital of India.

Methods

A prospective study, graded compression ultrasonography with self localization was carried out with 3.5 MHz convex, 5 MHz convex and 7.5 MHz linear transducers (Wipro GE) in 69 clinically equivocal suspected cases of acute appendicitis. With maximal compression the anteroposterior diameter of appendix was measured from outer to outer wall. The main criterion for diagnosing appendicitis was demonstration of a non compressible appendix with anteroposterior dimension of 7mm or more.

Result

Sonologically 36 (52%) cases were diagnosed as appendicitis. Anteroposterior outer diameter of inflamed appendices ranged from 7mm to 21mm (mean 10.5mm). 30 (83%) of 36 patients could accurately self localize the point of maximum tenderness. There were 01 false positive and 04 false negative cases. Sensitivity and specificity were 89.7% and 96.6% respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 97.2% and 87.8% respectively. Alternative diagnoses were offered in 33 (47.8%) cases. Amongst these 33 cases, 14(42.4%) had abdominal pain of unknown origin. Gynaecologic, urologic and gastrointestinal aetiologies were established in 10(30.3%), 07(21.2%) and 02(6%) cases respectively.

Conclusion

Graded compression ultrasonography superadded with self localization is an accurate means of diagnosing/excluding appendicitis in clinically equivocal cases of acute appendicitis and it is of great value in establishing alternative diagnoses.Key Words: Ultrasonography, Acute appendicitis     

A case of wandering spleen: a rare cause of acute abdomen

We present the case of a 17-year-old patient known to have an asymptomatic ectopic spleen, who presented with an acute abdomen. Clinical symptoms and ultrasound led to suspect an acute appendicitis, confirmed later on by pathology. Twenty-four hours after the appendectomy, the patient complained of an abdominal pain of acute onset. Torsion of the pedicle of the ectopic spleen was suspected. Imaging studies supported this diagnosis, and an urgent splenectomy was performed. Did the torsion happen by simple coincidence 24 hours after appendectomy, knowing that the spleen has been asymptomatic for 17 years, or was it precipitated by the surgical intervention? Should we have removed the ectopic spleen during the appendectomy? This is the first report of a case of torsion of a wandering spleen after a laparotomy; a review of the literature is done in order to explain the physiopathology of the disease, and to propose its management.     

以阑尾炎为首发表现的结肠癌的诊治

[目的]探讨以阑尾炎为首发表现的结肠癌的漏诊发生原因并总结诊治经验。[方法]收集本院1995.5至2005.9之间以阑尾炎为首发症状的结肠癌患者9例,并对临床资料进行分析。[结果]所有的病例临床表现为阑尾炎,经术中仔细探查和或术后追踪检查确诊为结肠癌。[结论]对阑尾炎病要进行全面的病情分析和动态观察,是减少误诊的关键。