爱贝芙注射除皱的效果评价

目的:探讨爱贝芙对面部不同部位的除皱效果。方法:226例应用爱贝芙进行面部除皱的患者,根据药物注射部位的不同进行分组,比较面部不同部位之间除皱效果的差异,综合分析爱贝芙注射除皱的效果。结果:爱贝芙注射除皱的方法适合额部抬头纹、眉间川字纹、鼻梁横纹、鼻唇沟皱纹等的除皱;对颈部皱纹和眼角鱼尾纹的除皱效果欠理想。结论:应用爱贝芙进行注射除皱适合面部大部分皱纹。     

Complications related to Artecoll injections for soft tissue augmentation of the hand: 3 case reports

Rejuvenation of the aging hand has gained recent popularity. I report on 3 cases with complications related to the use of Artecoll (a permanent filler composed of polymethylmethacrylate) in soft tissue augmentation of the hand. All 3 patients had late-onset granuloma reactions, and the acute attacks were successfully treated with local injections of triamcinolone. However, recurrent reactions and hypopigmentation at the injection sites were noted.     

The use of distally ligated arteries as vascular pedicles of reverse-flow flaps for soft tissue reconstruction of the foot following trauma: two case reports

Reverse-flow island flaps based on the anterior tibial artery or posterior tibial artery have been used in the past to cover wounds of the foot. However, it is generally accepted that interruption of one of these arteries contraindicates the use of these flaps. In this paper, two reverse-flow island flaps are presented, based on the anterior tibial artery or posterior tibial artery which were interrupted below the ankle. The supply of these flaps depends on the arterial network around the malleoli. Received: 4 August 1999 / Accepted: 12 January 2000     

PMMA-Microspheres (Artecoll) for Long-Lasting Correction of Wrinkles: Refinements and Statistical Results

The corium is diminished to about half of its thickness in skin defects and wrinkles. All biological materials that increase the thickness of the corium are resorbed within a certain time. Therefore, a lasting effect can be achieved only with nonresorbable synthetic substances. Artecoll consists of microspheres of 30–40 μm in diameter, of exceptional surface smoothness, purity, and homogeneity related to PMMA. These microspheres are suspended in atelocollagen which serves as a vehicle for subdermal implantation. Due to its smooth surface and consequential lack of electrical charges, each single microsphere is immediately encapsulated with the patient's own collagen fibers, thus preventing dislocation. Within 3 months, collagen (making up 75% of Artecoll) is replaced by the body's own connective tissue. The microspheres (25% of Artecoll) serve merely as a stimulus to the fibroblasts. Indications for Artecoll are all facial folds, lip- and philtrum augmentation, chin- and malar augmentation, dark-shadowed eyelids, enophthalmos, bony defects in face and hands, nipple reconstruction and augmentation, and urinary incontinence. Questionnaires were sent to all patients who had received Artecoll in 1993 and 1994. Of a total of 950 questionnaires sent, 515 were returned by September 1995. Satisfaction was rated ``very good' in 29%, ``good' in 38%, ``satisfactory' in 23%, and ``no difference' in 8% of the patients. The question, ``Would you repeat the treatment again?' was answered by 91% of the patients with ``yes.' The overall complication rate was 3%. Strictly subdermal implantation will prevent longer lasting redness or visibility of the Artecoll.     

皮肤定量扩张法在耳廓再造中的应用及并发症的处理

目的 探讨皮肤扩张器的定量扩张法在在耳廓再造中的应用,并对所发生的并发症进行处理.方法 选择50 ml肾形扩张器埋置于残耳后乳突区无毛发皮下,术后3 d拔除引流管,10d拆除缝线.术后7 d进行常规注水,每周3次,每次注水约5 ml,注水总量为60 ml左右.注水完毕后维持扩张1个月.结果 1992年1月至2006年12月共收治先天性小耳畸形患者5 248例,完成50ml肾形扩张器埋置6 252只.扩张器维持扩张完毕后可见扩张皮肤质薄、血管丰富.并发症有血肿、扩张器外露、创口裂开、感染等,发生率较低,约为7.79%.结论 皮肤定量扩张法操作简单、并发症较少,为耳廓再造提供了良好的无毛发、质薄、血供丰富可靠的皮肤.     

The nasolabial flap revisited as an adjunct to floor-of-mouth reconstruction

Composite free tissue reconstruction for floor-of-mouth defects are thought of as single-stage procedures. However, postoperative wound complications often require additional soft-tissue coverage to salvage the initial reconstruction. Nasolabial flaps interpolated into the oral cavity offer an expedient solution to soft-tissue deficits encountered during complicated floor-of-mouth reconstructions. The records of 39 patients undergoing free tissue reconstruction, from July 1995 to December 1999 at Shands Hospital and the Gainesville VA Medical Center, for floor-of-mouth defects were reviewed. Six patients developed postoperative wound complications that compromised the initial reconstruction. In all patients, inferiorly based nasolabial flaps were used to provide additional soft-tissue coverage and wound closure. Radiation therapy and facial artery ligation did not affect the outcome. Complete wound healing and salvage of the initial reconstruction was achieved in all 6 patients.     

Microvascular surgery as an adjunct to craniomaxillofacial reconstruction

Fifteen patients (8 female and 7 male) age 4 to 57 years underwent microsurgical free tissue transfers as a component of a craniomaxillofacial reconstruction. In 12 patients the free flap was performed simultaneously with the bony procedure and in three it was a secondary procedure. The patients included two craniosynostosis, four craniofacial tumours, five hemicraniofacial microsomias, one facial and skull base arteriovenous malformation, one orbitofacial neurofibromatosis and two hemifacial atrophies with extensive facial skeletal involvement. The rectus abdominis free flap was used in 9 patients, the latissimus dorsi in two, the omentum in three, and the first web-space in one. The choice of tissue varied according to the size of the defect and its location. The rectus abdominis musculofasciocutaneous flap was the most frequent source of tissue for contour restoration, and the omentum was used to fill intracranial spaces. One flap failed intraoperatively in a patient with hemifacial microsomia and inadequate and abnormal recipient vessels. One patient had an injury to the temporal branch of the facial nerve, with spontaneous recovery. In 13 patients the free tissue transfer was for soft tissue fill with cover of facial bone or skull base; secondary procedures were frequently required in these patients. In two patients with intracranial free flaps, no further procedures were necessary. In selected cases the association of microvascular techniques with craniomaxillofacial surgery can facilitate reconstruction and improve results.     

The use of tissue flaps as an adjunct to pelvic surgery

BACKGROUND: The clinical problems of advanced malignancy with invasion of cancers into adjacent organs or structures, fistulizing complications from radiation therapy, postoperative infections, and delayed postoperative healing continue to challenge pelvic surgeons, regardless of subspecialty. The use of autologous muscle and myocutaneous flaps has been applied to the management and prevention of these clinical problems and found to be most helpful. METHODS: Records of patients undergoing abdominopelvic procedures in a single unit during the 15-year period from 1990 to 2005 were reviewed, and patients undergoing autologous tissue flaps were reviewed with respect to indications, complications, and outcomes. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients underwent 35 autologous muscle or myocutaneous flaps for the following indications: large anticipated defects in primary or reoperative cancer surgery (13 patients); malignant, traumatic, inflammatory, or radiation-induced fistulae (12 patients); excision of (an) adjacent organ(s) with need for reconstruction (7 patients); and chronic nonhealing pelvic wounds (2 patients). Wound complications occurred in 41% of patients; however, primary healing of flaps occurred in 88% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The use of autologous tissue flaps in select patients can be a useful adjunct in pelvic surgery in dealing with a wide variety of problems, specifically in filling large defects, providing vascularized tissue for fistula closure, and avoiding delayed wound healing commonly seen after high-dose radiation.     

Bipolar fracture dislocation of clavicle: A report of osteosynthesis and early soft tissue reconstruction

IntroductionBipolar dislocation of the clavicle, also called bifocal or pan-articular dislocation or floating clavicle, is an uncommon traumatic injury. The injury of this case is also concomitant with distal third clavicle and coracoid fracture. This article aimed to report the experience of performing osteosynthesis and early soft tissue reconstruction on these injuries.Case reportWe reported a case of bipolar clavicle fracture-dislocation in concomitant with coracoid fracture in a man, aged 32 years old, successfully treated 24 days after accident by fixation of both fractures and early simultaneous reconstruction of sternoclavicular- acromioclavicular-coracoclavicular joints.DiscussionThese injuries are rare and capable of causing many complications if they are treated improperly. It is compulsory to carefully assess any fractured clavicle along its whole length, both clinically and radiologically. Various options, from non-operative to operative, have been reported to manage such of these cases. Early bony fixation and soft tissue reconstruction can correct the alignment of clavicle and recover the function of sterno-clavicular and acromio-clavicular- joints promptly.ConclusionFracture osteosynthesis and early soft tissue reconstruction can be regarded as an option treatment for bipolar fracture-dislocation of the clavicle to facilitate prompt treatment and early rehabilitation.     

扩张预制超薄穿支皮瓣在面颈部瘢痕修复中的研究及应用

目的 探讨一种将扩张皮瓣、穿支皮瓣与超薄皮瓣技术相结合的扩张预制超薄穿支皮瓣,在面颈部广泛性瘢痕治疗中的效果.方法 一期术前应用多排螺旋CT(MDCT)、多普勒超声血流探测仪定位穿支血管的部位及走行,于真皮下血管网以下为分离层次埋置扩张器,二期以穿支血管为蒂,设计扩张超薄穿支皮瓣,修复面颈部大面积瘢痕畸形及皮肤缺损.结果2005至2013年对26例面颈部广泛性瘢痕患者以扩张超薄穿支皮瓣修复,包括颈肩背皮瓣9例、颈胸皮瓣5例、面颈部皮瓣12例,结果 仅1例皮瓣远端坏死,余25例皮瓣均成活良好.其中颈肩背跨区供血扩张预制超薄穿支皮瓣的最大面积为35 cm×10 cm,蒂为8 cm×4 cm.术后随访6个月至3年,所见皮瓣厚度薄于一般扩张皮瓣,避免了二期皮瓣修薄,重建的面颈部轮廓结构分明,表情传递及五官功能良好.结论 扩张预制超薄穿支皮瓣在重塑局部轮廓、再现精细表情等方面呈现出明显的优势,对于面颈部广泛性瘢痕及大面积皮肤缺损修复是一种非常实用、安全的组织修复方法.     

Skin expansion as an adjunct to reconstruction of the external ear

This case report illustrates the use of a Radovan tissue expander in a patient undergoing reconstruction of the upper two-thirds of the external ear. The expansion facilitated draping of the superior retro-auricular skin over the autogenous costal cartilage framework that was used for the skeletal reconstruction of the ear.     

前臂游离皮瓣在外伤性面部大面积组织缺损修复中的应用

目的：探讨应用前臂游离皮瓣修复外伤性面部大面积皮肤软组织缺损的可行性。方法：选择9例因外伤导致的面部大面积皮肤软组织缺损患者，其中车祸致伤者4例，工业伤或烧伤5例，缺损面积为4cm×6cm～7cm×12cm。设计并切取与缺损面积相应的前臂皮瓣，经吻合血管的游离移植修复面部组织缺损。结果：本组9例前臂皮瓣全部成活，3例靠近口角的切口愈合不良，经换药后痊愈，全部患者术后随访3个月，皮瓣色泽、质地良好，前臂瘢痕明显，手部功能无障碍。结论：吻合血管的前臂游离皮瓣用于修复外伤性面部大面积皮肤缺损是可行的。     

局部皮瓣在面部创伤性皮肤软组织缺损急诊修复中的应用

目的 探索依据整形外科原则应用局部皮瓣急诊修复面部创伤性软组织缺损的效果.方法 对32例面部皮肤软组织即时性创伤性缺损,于严格清创后,根据创面缺损情况,按整形外科原则分别设计皮下浅表肌腱膜系统(SMAS)蒂皮瓣、V-Y推进皮瓣、眼轮匝肌蒂岛状皮瓣、鼻唇沟皮瓣等修复创面,精细缝合关闭伤口.结果 32例伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,随访6～18个月,无明显瘢痕增生,无功能障碍,无需Ⅱ期修复,美容效果良好.结论 遵照整形外科基本原则采用局部皮瓣修复面部创伤性皮肤软组织缺损,可获得满意的效果,值得临床推广应用.     

国产聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶(奥美定)在整形外科中的应用

目的　总结采用国产注射型聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶(奥美定)软组织填充剂的临床经验。方法　从1999年5月至2000年6月,采用这种新型的软组织填充材料填充乳房、面颊、颞部、臀部等,共781例,其中女性776例,男性5例,年龄17～74岁。结果　本组病例填充前后比较,均获得满意的结果,总体并发症占0.8%,经处理痊愈。结论　近期效果良好,并发症少而轻,不失为一种有前途的理想的软组织填充剂。     

国产聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶(奥美定)在整形外科中的应用

目的　总结采用国产注射型聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶 (奥美定 )软组织填充剂的临床经验。方法　从 1999年 5月至 2 0 0 0年 6月 ,采用这种新型的软组织填充材料填充乳房、面颊、颞部、臀部等 ,共 781例 ,其中女性 776例 ,男性 5例 ,年龄 17～ 74岁。结果　本组病例填充前后比较 ,均获得满意的结果 ,总体并发症占 0 .8% ,经处理痊愈。结论　近期效果良好 ,并发症少而轻 ,不失为一种有前途的理想的软组织填充剂     

局部修复和(或)异体肌腱重建治疗急性膝关节后外侧复合结构损伤

 目的 探讨采用局部修复和（或）异体肌腱重建治疗急性膝关节后外侧复合结构（postero-lateral complex,PLC）损伤的方法及疗效。方法 2006年5月至2008年10月,收治急性P LC损伤患者12例,男9例,女3例;年龄23～47岁,平均31岁;合并后十字韧带损伤9例,合并前、后十字韧带同时损伤3例。首先在关节镜下采用异体肌腱解剖重建前、后十字韧带,然后对于P LC两端附着点撕脱损伤的患者采用铆钉固定、缝线缝合修复治疗;对于P LC实质部断裂的患者采用局部缝合修复和（或）异体肌腱重建的方法治疗。术后根据K T-1000、IKDC及Lysholm功能评定标准评价膝关节功能恢复情况。结果12例患者均获得随访,随访时间12～18个月,平均13.3个月。膝关节活动度由术前118.00°±6.77°提高至术后130.75°±3.05°。KT-1000由术前（14.85±1.83）mm改善至术后（4.18±1.88）mm。根据IKDC综合评定标准,A级7例,B级3例,C级1例,D级1例。Lysholm膝关节功能评分由术前35～44分[平均（38.83±3.16）分]提高至术后79～91分[平均（84.92±3.73）分]。所有患者患膝均无感染及免疫排斥反应。3例患者住院期间B超显示患侧小腿肌间静脉血栓,经低分子肝素钙治疗后好转。2例患者膝关节屈曲较对侧少15°。结论对于急性P LC损伤患者,PLC两端附着点撕脱损伤采用铆钉固定、缝线缝合修复;实质部断裂的患者采用局部缝合修复和（或）异体肌腱重建治疗可取得较好的效果。     

先天性小耳畸形的皮肤软组织扩张器法外耳再造术

目的探讨先天性小耳畸形的手术修复方法。方法1992年至2005年采用皮肤软组织扩张器结合自体肋软骨支架移植的方法进行外耳再造共3248例。结果经1至13年随访观察，再造耳廓皮瓣色泽红润、柔软、感觉功能无明显异常；移植耳廓软骨支架无软化、吸收、变形；再造耳廓位置、形态、大小和对侧基本一致。结论组织扩张器结合自体肋软骨支架移植的外耳再造方法，疗效满意、并发症少，是先天性小耳畸形理想的手术治疗方法。