深圳市工业企业外来工心理健康状况调查

[目的]了解深圳市工业企业外来工心理健康状况 ,以便有针对性地开展心理健康促进工作。[方法]采用症状自评量表 (SCL_90)对深圳市福田区2家工业企业240名外来工 (男102人 ,女138人 )进行测试。[结果]外来工除恐怖因子外 ,SCL_90总均分及其余各因子分均明显低于常模 ;女性外来工恐怖因子分高于男性外来工 ,差异有非常显著的统计学意义 (P<0.01) ;不同年龄外来工间焦虑、恐怖和精神病性等因子分有显著差异 ,且呈现中间年龄段 (20～岁组 )因子分高 ,较高年龄段 (30～岁组 )因子分低的现象 ;不同学历外来工间总均分及躯体化、敌对、偏执、精神病性和其他因子分有显著差异 ,且呈现随学历升高各因子分升高的趋势。外来工SCL_90因子分≥2分的前3位因子是男性为强迫、人际关系敏感和精神病性 ,女性为强迫、偏执和人际关系敏感。[结论]深圳市工业企业外来工心理卫生状况较健康 ,但仍需针对性地开展心理健康促进工作     

深圳市医师心理健康状况的分析

[目的]了解医师的心理健康状况,以便有针对性地开展心理健康工作。[方法]采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）对深圳市的医师358名进行测试。[结果]医师除人际关系、恐怖因子外,SCL-90总均分及其余各因子分均明显高于常模;女性医师总均分、躯体化、人际关系、抑郁和焦虑因子分高于男性医师;不同年龄医师间总均分、躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑和偏执等因子分差异显著,其中总均分、躯体化、强迫、抑郁和偏执等因子分呈现随年龄增大而增高的趋势;焦虑因子分呈现随年龄增大而减小的趋势;50.6%的医师可能有心理健康问题,医师SCL-90因子分达轻度水平以上的前3位因子,男性为强迫、人际关系敏感和精神病性,女性为抑郁、强迫和人际关系敏感。[结论]医师存在一定的心理健康问题,有必要针对性地对医师开展心理健康促进工作。     

深圳市福田区高中生心理健康状况的分析

目的：了解深圳市福田区高中生心理健康状况，以便有针对性地开展心理健康促进工作。方法：采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对深圳市福田区2所中学252名高中生(男生176人，女生76人)进行测试。结果：高中生强迫、恐怖、精神病性因子分明显高于常模，而人际关系敏感因子分明显低于常模；不同年级间强迫、人际关系敏感、敌对、恐怖及其他等因子分有显著差异，且呈现随年级升高．各因子分升高的趋势；高中生SCL-90因子分超过中度水平的前四位因子为强迫、敌对、偏执和抑郁。结论：该区高中学生存在一定的心理健康问题，有必要针对性地开展心理健康促进工作。     

深圳市福田区初高中学生心理健康状况的对比分析

目的　了解深圳市福田区初、高中生心理健康教育状况及其差别 ,以便有针对性地开展心理健康促进工作。　方法　采用症状自评量表 (SCL - 90 )对深圳市福田区 2所中学 5 5 6名初、高中生 (初中生 30 4人 ,高中生 2 5 2人 )进行测试。　结果　除强迫因子外 ,其余各因子及总均分初中生显著高于高中生 (P <0 .0 1) ;初、高中男生之间有显著差异的因子数较初、高中女生之间为多 ;初、高中生SCL - 90因子分超过中度水平的前 5位因子均为强迫、敌对、抑郁、人际关系敏感和偏执 ,仅顺次略有不同。　结论　深圳市福田区初、高中生存在一定的心理健康问题 ,初中生心理健康水平低于高中生 ,有必要针对性地开展心理健康促进工作。     

内蒙古监狱服刑人员心理状况调查

目的 探讨服刑人员的心理健康状况.方法 采用精神症状自评量表(SCL-90)对监狱服刑人员进行评估.结果 (1)与中国常模比较:在总分、总均分、阳性项目数、阳性症状均分及躯体化、强迫、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性因子分上均显示两组在统计学上存在统计学差异(p＜0.01);(2)不同文化程度间比较:在总分、总均分、阳性项目数及躯体化、人际敏感、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性因子分上不同文化程度服刑人员间在统计学上存在统计学差异(p＜0.01),在强迫、抑郁因子上不同文化程度服刑人员间在统计学上存在差异(p＜0.05).结论 监狱服刑人员存在明显的心理问题.     

护理人员心理健康水平及与医院情境因素的相关分析

目的:探讨护理人员的心理健康水平及与医院情境因素的相关性;方法:采用症状自评量表和医院情境因素问卷对116名护理人员进行测评;结果:护理人员的SCL-90总分和强迫症状、人际关系敏感、焦虑、敌意、精神病性因子均分低于全国常模(P<0.05～0.01),精神科护理人员与综合科护理人员相比,前者的SCL-90症状总分和强迫症状、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性、其他9个因子均低于后者(P<0.01),医院情境因素中的工作激励、待遇满意度、医院保健、心理保健、集体精神、信息沟通6个因素与SCL-90总分及躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性、其他10个因子呈不同程度的负相关;结论:护理人员的心理健康水平高于一般正常人群,尤其是精神科护士;优化医院情境因素有利于护士心理健康水平的提高。     

成教和高职教医学生心理健康状况调查分析

[目的]探讨成教和高职教大学生心理健康状况,为有关部门提供依据。[方法]采用SCL—90自评量表进行测试。[结果]⑴成教组除敌对因子分高于全国常模外(P<0.001),其余各因子均低于全国常模(P≤0.026)。高职教组中敌对因子分高于全国常模(P<0.001),躯体化、人际关系敏感、偏执低于全国常模(P≤0.005),强迫、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、精神病性与全国常模差别无统计学意义(P≥0.304)。⑵成教组和高职教组两组各因子比较,成教组总均分及强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对因子分均低于高职教组(P≤0.023),躯体化、恐怖、偏执、精神病性、阳性项目数差异无统计学意义(P≥0.117)。[结论]医学生的心理状态较好。同一医学院中,成教学生的心理状态较高职教学生好。     

医学生心理状况与综合素质的关系

目的：通过了解学生的一般心理状况，找出影响学生德、智、体及综合成绩的积极及消极心理因素，为改善医学生心理状况，全面发展个人素质提供参考。方法：采用SCL－90对浙江大学医学院2000届预防、口腔、护理等专业学生进行心理健康状况调查，追踪其该学年的德、智、体及综合成绩，并进行相关统计学分析。结果：医学生的强迫、焦虑、人际关系敏感和偏执因子均分与全国常模比较差异有统计学意义。人际关系敏感、抑郁、敌对性、精神病性各因子均分在男女生组间差异有统计学意义。偏相关系数显示躯体化因子与德分呈正相关，而强迫因子与智分和综合成绩成负相关。结论：心理卫生状况对德、智及综合成绩存在相关性。     

某部3870名官兵海训期间和平时心理状况调查

目的：了解官兵海训期间和平时的心理健康状况,为做好心理咨询与卫生保障提供依据。方法：运用SCL－90症状自评量表,采取系统整群抽样法,在海训中、海训后1个月,对3870名官兵进行测试,各项数据输入计算机进行分析。结果：海训时官兵SCL－90各项因子分比平时高,人际关系因子分无显著性差异（P＞0．05）,躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、敌对性、恐怖、偏执、精神病因子分及总均分存在高度显著性差异（P＜0．01）;海训期间军官、士官、士兵SCL－90各项因子对比,军官总均分最低、士兵次之、士官最高。部队海训时官兵整体心理健康水平较平时下降,海训期间官兵心理健康状况存在差异。结论：做好海训期间的心理卫生教育,增强官兵的心理防护能力和应急反应能力,对保障官兵身体健康,提高部队战斗力有重要意义,应引起部队各级领导与卫生人员的重视。     

兰州市某高中和卫生学校女生心理健康状况对比分析

目的了解高中女生和卫生学校女生心理健康状况及其差异。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对兰州市高中和卫生学校女生进行心理健康评定,分析指标包括躯体化、强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性等9项因子。结果高中女生的心理问题总检出率(33.5%)高于卫生学校女生(14.5%)(P<0.05);9项因子中,高中女生的人际关系敏感和恐怖性两项因子分与卫生学校女生间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其余7项因子分均高于卫生学校女生(P<0.05);高中女生除躯体化外,其余8项因子分均高于常模(P<0.05);卫生学校女生仅有强迫和人际关系2项因子分高于常模(P<0.05)。结论人际关系敏感和恐怖性等心理问题在这两类人群中均容易发生,高中女生心理问题较卫生学校女生严重。应对处于青春期晚期的女生采取相应的心理健康教育措施,同时加强高中女生的心理疏导工作,以提高她们的心理健康水平。     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.     

Assessing occupational and environmental exposure

Exposure assessment is a poorly understood component of the science of epidemiology. The relationship between exposure to chemicals and ill-health outcomes is often calculated using crude exposure measures such as ever/never exposed or duration. When investigating subtle effects, exposures need to be characterized much more fully in terms of intensity, frequency, duration and route. While occupational exposures tend to be much greater than those experienced from the wider environment there is a need to remember that, for many chemicals, exposure can occur occupationally, environmentally and through consumer use of products containing the material of interest. Inhalation exposure has generally been the traditional focus for most epidemiological investigations but there is now growing awareness of the importance of the dermal and ingested routes of contact and internalization. Quantification of the exposure also needs to be related to a biological mechanism of action and exposure metrics need to be selected accordingly. Occupational exposures can generally be measured using simple well-validated techniques. Environmental exposures require much more sensitive instruments and are more difficult to assess. Exposure modelling, particularly for the environmental fate of chemicals has undergone many recent developments and Monte Carlo techniques can be used to characterize model uncertainty and variability. This approach to exposure assessment can now be used in the setting of the wider environment and will enable a far better understanding of the relationship between exposure and disease.     

Mercury toxicity due to the smelting of placer gold recovered by mercury amalgam

A 19-year-old man developed tremor in both hands and fatigue after starting work at a placer gold mine where he was exposed to mercury-gold amalgam. Examination revealed an intention tremor, dysdiadochokinesis and mild rigidity. The 24-h urinary mercury concentration reached a peak of 715 nmol/l (143 ug/l) shortly before the clinical examination, after which he was removed from working in the gold room [Mercury No. Adverse Effect Level: 250 nmol/l (50 ug/l)]. On review 7 weeks later his tremor had almost resolved and the dysdiadochokinesis and rigidity had gone. The 24-h urinary mercury concentration had fallen to 160 nmol/l (32 ug/l). The principal exposure to mercury was considered to be the smelting of retorted gold with previously unrecognized residual mercury in it. The peak air concentration of mercury vapour during gold smelting was 0.533 mg/m3 (Mercury Vapour ACGIH TLV: 0.05 mg/m3 TWA). Several engineering and procedural controls were instituted. This episode occurred at another mine site, unrelated to Mount Isa Mines Limited.     

How Adults with Acquired Brain Damage Perceive Computer Training as a Rehabilitation Tool: A Focus-group Study

The aim of this study was to explore and describe how adult outpatients with acquired brain damage and referred to occupational therapy perceive computer training with the RehaCom programs, in order to evaluate the method of treatment as a tool in the rehabilitation of persons with cognitive disorders. By using focus-group discussions as a qualitative method of research when analysing the result, five themes with corresponding categories emerged, describing a development of understanding and learning about capacities. Themes describing how the participants could apply strategies to overcome shortcomings in daily occupations and the therapeutic role of the occupational therapist were identified as well. The result shows that a computer training program such as RehaCom can be used as an educational tool, for example, to guide a person who is trying to adopt compensatory strategies to avoid overload by taking pauses. It was found that anything the participants learned was also applicable to occupational performance in daily life.