冠脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克的初步临床观察

目的探讨冠状动脉介入治疗对老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并心源性休克的疗效.方法急诊下对16例平均年龄(71.4±4.7)岁的AMI患者的16支梗死相关动脉(IRA)的21处靶病变进行介入治疗.术前IRA平均狭窄99.7%±0.3%,冠状动脉血流(TIMI)0级14例,1～2级2例.其中21处靶病变置入支架20枚,1例失败. 结果IRA和靶病变介入治疗的成功率分别为93.7%及95.2%,87.5%者TIMI血流恢复至3级.无手术并发症及术中发生死亡.平均开通时间(24.3±4.3)min,术后住院期间5例(31.2%)死亡.对出院的11例患者平均随访12个月全部存活.结论急诊冠状动脉介入治疗对高龄AMI合并心源性休克高危患者疗效显著.     

冠脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克的初步临床观察

目的:探讨冠状动脉介入治疗对老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并心源性休克的疗效。 方法:急诊下对16例平均年龄(71.4±4.7)岁的AMI患者的16支梗死相关动脉(IRA)的21处靶病变进行介入治疗。术前IRA平均狭窄99.7％±0.3％,冠状动脉血流(TIMI)0级14例,1～2级2例。其中21处靶病变置入支架20枚,1例失败。 结果:IRA和靶病变介入治疗的成功率分别为93.7％及95.2％,87.5％者TIMI血流恢复至3级。无手术并发症及术中发生死亡。平均开通时间(24.3±4.3)min,术后住院期间5例(31.2％)死亡。对出院的11例患者平均随访12个月全部存活。 结论:急诊冠状动脉介入治疗对高龄AMI合并心源性休克高危患者疗效显著。     

急诊介入治疗对老年急性心肌梗死并心原性休克的疗效观察

目的探讨急诊冠状动脉介入治疗对老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)并心原性休克的近期及中期疗效.方法对20例平均年龄(71.4±6.4)岁的老年AMI患者的21支梗死相关动脉(IRA)的29处靶病变行急诊介入治疗.术前IRA平均狭窄(99.9±0.4)%,心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流 0级15例,1～2级5例.对其中15处靶病变置入支架15枚.结果病例、IRA及靶病变的介入治疗成功率分别为95.0%、 95.2% 及96.6%,成功者94.7%恢复TIMI 血流3级.无因手术并发症及术中死亡发生者.平均开通时间(19.8±3.9)min,术后住院期间8例(40%)死亡.发病距治疗≤6h的10例全部存活,>6h者仅存活2例(P<0.01).对出院的12例患者随访7个月以上全部存活,无任何不良心脏事件发生.结论急诊介入治疗(尤其是急诊冠状动脉支架术)对高龄AMI并心原性休克高危患者有显著疗效,其主要优势为再通快、TIMI血流 3级率高、近期及中期病死率降低,发病≤6h者介入治疗疗效更为显著.     

溶栓禁忌证的老年急性心肌梗死患者直接介入治疗的探讨

目的　探讨不能溶栓的老年急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者直接介入治疗的安全性与有效性。方法　对 31例 70岁以上的患者 ,3例 6 0～ 6 9岁有溶栓禁忌证的老年心肌梗死的患者进行了直接经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)与冠状动脉内支架术。结果　有 34例梗死相关动脉 (IRA)心肌梗死溶栓试验 (TIMI)血流 0级 2 7例 ,1级 7例。 31例直接行PTCA成功 ,其中 4例患者直接PTCA后其残余狭窄 <10 %且无明显的内膜撕裂和夹层。 2 7例IRA具有支架置入的适应证 ,即刻造影IRATIMI血流达 3级。 2例行冠状动脉旁路移植术 (CABG)。有 1例因IRA完全闭塞 ,PT CA未能成功。直接介入成功率 97%。 31例患者经过平均 (11.4± 3.7)个月随访 ,无再梗死及急诊再次血运重建 ,但 4例有心绞痛 ,造影证实为冠状动脉支架再狭窄再次行PTCA成功。结论　对溶栓有禁忌证的老年AMI患者行直接介入治疗 ,具有较高的成功率及安全性。     

国产药物支架在急性心肌梗死急诊介入中的疗效观察

目的评价国产药物支架(Firebird)在急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的安全性及临床疗效。方法诊断ST段抬高AMI患者38例,平均年龄(61±8.3)岁,男性23例,女性15例。发病12h内急诊行PCI治疗,开通梗死相关血管(IRA)后,根据病变原则上行药物支架置入。观察住院期间(15.6±4.2)d心脏主要事件发生情况。结果共置入药物支架42枚,手术成功率100%,IRA为前降支l9例,左回旋支8例,右冠状动脉11例。即刻的前向血流TIMI3级34例,占89.7%,TIMI2级3例,占8.4%,3例术后出现不同程度左心衰,1例患者术后因心源性休克而死亡。结论研究显示国产药物支架在AMI患者行急诊PCI是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

急性心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者院内死亡因素分析

目的:分析急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)手术住院期间死亡的危险因素及死亡原因。方法:438例接受急诊PCI的AMI患者,根据住院期间存活与否,分为死亡组(21例)和存活组(417例),比较两组患者的临床特征和冠状动脉造影及介入治疗结果,分析发生院内死亡的原因及死亡预测因素。结果:死亡组患者中年龄65岁、心功能Killp分级≥Ⅱ级、心源性休克、广泛前壁梗死、多支闭塞(≥2支)、近段闭塞、梗死相关动脉(IRA)开通后即刻TIMI血流≤Ⅱ级、IRA开通后即刻血压下降与存活组相比较差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析表明年龄65岁、心功能Killp分级≥Ⅱ级、心源性休克、广泛前壁梗死、IRA开通后即刻TIMI血流≤Ⅱ级是急诊PCI患者围术期死亡的独立预测因素。死亡原因中,心源性休克8例(38.1%)、恶性心律失常6例(28.6%)分居第1和第2位。结论:年龄65岁、心功能Killp分级≥Ⅱ级、心源性休克、广泛前壁梗死、IRA开通后即刻TIMI血流≤Ⅱ级是急诊PCI患者围术期死亡的危险因素。心源性休克、恶性心律失常是急诊PCI手术住院期间主要死亡原因。     

急诊介入技术治疗急性心肌梗塞

1995年 1 2月至 1 997年 1 2月共对 3 2例急性心肌梗塞 (AMI)病人施行急诊经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA) ,其中 1 8例置入冠脉内支架 2 0枚。直接PTCA 2 3例 ,补救性PTCA 9例。病人年龄 3 8～ 86岁 ,1 9例为多支病变 ,1 0例并发心源性休克。介入治疗后梗塞相关动脉 (IRA)全部开通 ,无手术并发症。术后 3 1例恢复TIMI 3级血流灌注 ,1例 2级。心源性休克病死率 3 0 %。对存活出院的 2 9例随访 1～ 2 5个月无室壁瘤、心力衰竭及死亡者 ,1例术后半年再发AMI。提示急诊介入治疗能明显降低AMI病死率 ,并具有良好的远期疗效。     

老年急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗的临床效果

目的　探讨老年急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI)的临床效果。方法　 6 6例患者 ,年龄 6 0～ 88(6 8.3± 10 .2 )岁 ,其中 >75岁 18例 ;男 5 7例 ,女 9例。患者入院后经临床和心电图诊断 ,AMI诊断按 1979年 WHO提出的 AMI诊断标准。结果　 6 2例患者接受直接 PCI术 ,4例接受补救性 PCI。梗死相关血管 :前降支 2 4支 ,回旋支 11支 ,右冠状动脉 2 1支。有 6 3例患者的病变血管置入进口或国产支架 73枚 ,3例行经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA) ,残余狭窄 0～ 2 0 % ;开通后 6 0例患者血流达 TIMI 3级 ,5例患者 TIMI血流 级 ,1例患者血流 TIMI 0级。并发症与随访 :2例术后 4 8h内心源性休克死亡。对出院的 5 2例患者平均随访 (2 6 .1±13.3)月 (从 1个月至 78个月 ) ,再发急性心肌梗死 2例 ,心绞痛 4例 ,猝死 1例。结论　老年 AMI患者急诊介入性治疗可最大限度地恢复冠状动脉血流 ,手术成功率高 ,严重并发症少 ,是一种安全、有效的方法。尤其适应于高龄、有溶栓禁忌证或伴有心源性休克的患者。     

急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对高龄急性心肌梗死患者的临床疗效分析

目的评价高龄急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊行经皮冠状动脉(冠脉)介入治疗(PCI)的临床疗效和预后.方法对157例发病在18 h以内的高龄AMI患者梗塞相关血管(IRA)急诊行经皮冠脉腔内成形术(PTCA)加冠脉内支架置入术.观察手术前后IRA的狭窄程度、心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床试验(TIMI)血流、成功率和心功能情况.结果157支IRA,163处靶病变平均狭窄程度95%～100%,TIMI血流0～2级,急诊PTCA后共置入158枚冠脉内支架,155支IRA术后完全再通,即刻成功率98.73%.2支IRA因PTCA后无血流未置入支架.经置入冠脉内支架后IRA均恢复到TIMI血流3级,残余狭窄为0%～10%.1例于术中死亡,2例于术后48 h死亡,住院期间总病死率1.91%.术后随访6～15个月,全部存活,心功能分级(NYHA)Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,无严重的心脏不良事件[(死亡、再次心肌梗死、急诊冠脉旁路移植术(CABG)]发生.结论急诊冠脉介入治疗对高龄AMI成功率高,临床疗效显著,能明显降低心脏事件的发生和提高患者的生活质量.     

冠状动脉内注射硫氮酮对急性心肌梗死直接经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术后缓再血流现象的作用

目的　评价冠状动脉内应用硫氮酮 (diltiazem)对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)直接经皮冠状动脉腔内成形和支架术 (PTCA/Stent)后梗死相关动脉缓再血流 (slow reflow)现象的疗效及其安全性。方法　 2 0例AMI直接PTCA/Stent后再通的梗死相关动脉 (infarct relatedartery ,IRA)存在slow reflow患者 ,男 13例 ,女 7例 ,年龄 (5 8 5± 9 5 )岁。其中闭塞血管右冠状动脉 10例 ,前降支 6例 ,回旋支 4例。从症状开始至PTCA/Stent开通IRA时间 (9 2± 2 1)h ,术后平均TIMI血流 (1 9± 0 4)级 ,先以硝酸甘油(nitroglycerin) 15 0 μg冠脉内注入 (确认slow reflow现象 )作为对照 ,10min后继以Diltiazem 5 0 0 μg(5 0 μg·ml-1·s-1)冠状动脉内注入 ,于给药后第 1、3、10min行冠状动脉造影 (CAG)。应用Gibson的TIMI血流计帧法和QCA测量系统分别行Nitroglycerin和Diltiazem冠状动脉内给药后不同时间点IRA再通后血流速率帧数和管腔直径的定量分析比较。结果　 (1)术后基础对照与Nitroglycerin给药 3min时CAG血流帧数比较无明显变化 (89 8± 18 1)vs (88 9± 14 2 )帧 ,P >0 0 5 ;Diltiazem给药后第 1、3和 10min时CAG血流帧数分别较给药前减少 2 7 6 % ,32 6 %和 2 5 2 % (P均 <0 0 1) ,平均TIMI血流增加从(1 9± 0 5     

老年急性冠状动脉综合征的急诊介入治疗

目的　观察 70岁以上老年人急性冠状动脉综合征 (acutecoronarysyndromes ,ACS)急诊介入治疗的安全性及临床效果。方法　同期行急诊介入治疗的 183例大于 70岁ACS患者 (≥ 70岁组 )与 76例小于 70岁但大于 6 0岁的ACS患者 (对照组 ) ,两组均在心绞痛发作时行冠状动脉造影证实病变 ,根据造影结果选择适宜的介入方式对“罪犯”病变予干预。结果　≥ 70岁组经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)后置入支架 173枚 ,直接置入支架 2 2枚 ;手术成功率 97.8%;术后 15 1例 (82 .5 %)患者心绞痛消失 ,18例有胸闷感 ,次日自行消失 ,14例患者仍有心绞痛症状 ;对照组PTCA后置入支架 71枚 ,直接置入支架 10枚 ;手术成功率 98.7%;术后 6 5例 (85 .5 %)患者心绞痛消失 ,3例仍有心绞痛症状。两组手术成功率及术后心绞痛改善情况差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;置入支架后两组均无急性闭塞和死亡病例 ;随访期内 ,两组心绞痛复发率及复发后接受再次血运重建术情况比较差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　在有条件的心脏介入中心 ,对老年ACS患者行急诊介入治疗是积极有效的 ,与对照组比较 ,手术的成功率、安全性及近、远期临床效果无明显差异。     

Results of primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty plus abciximab with or without stenting for acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock.

This study examines the effects of abciximab as adjunctive therapy in primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock. Abciximab improves the outcome of primary PTCA for AMI, but its efficacy in cardiogenic shock remains unknown. Case report forms were completed in-hospital and follow-up was obtained by telephone, outpatient visit, and review of hospital readmission records. A total of 113 patients with cardiogenic shock from AMI were included. All underwent emergency PTCA during which abciximab was administered to 54 patients (48%). The 2 groups of patients who received and did not receive abciximab were similar at baseline. Coronary stents were implanted slightly more often in the abciximab group (59% vs 42%; p = 0.1). A significantly improved final TIMI flow, less no-reflow, and a decrease in vessel residual diameter stenosis occurred in the abciximab group. At 30-day follow-up, the composite event rate of death, myocardial reinfarction, and target vessel revascularization was better in the abciximab group (31% vs 63%; p = 0.002). The combination of abciximab and stents was synergistic and resulted in improvement of all components of the composite end point beyond that seen with each therapy alone. Thus, abciximab therapy improves the 30-day outcome of primary PTCA in cardiogenic shock, especially when combined with coronary stenting.     

Coronary stenting for failed angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction

Intracoronary stents were implanted in 15 patients after unsuccessful PTCA in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The stented vessel was the left anterior descending (LAD) in 11 patients, the right coronary artery (RCA) in 3 patients, and a venous bypass graft to the LAD in a single patient. A total of 16 stents were implanted (15 Palmaz-Schatz, Johnson and Johnson; and 1 Wiktor, Medtronic). Follow-up: 1 patient died 10 days after stent implantation as a result of renal failure and cardiogenic shock. Subacute thrombosis occurred in 2 patients, 5 and 15 days after stent implantation; both underwent successful emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The remaining 12 patients were free from major ischemic events (death, AMI, and further revascularization) after a mean follow-up of 18.7 ± 4.1 months. We conclude that the long-term results of intracoronary stenting in AMI after failed PTCA are favourable. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Systematic Direct Angioplasty and Stent-Supported Direct Angioplasty Therapy for Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction: In-Hospital and Long-Term Survival

Objectives. This prospective observational study was conducted to examine the apparent impact of a systematic direct percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) strategy on mortality in a series of 66 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock, and to analyze the predictors of outcome after successful direct PTCA.Background. Previous studies have reported encouraging results with PTCA in patients with AMI complicated by cardiogenic shock, but a biased case selection for PTCA may have heavily influenced the observed outcomes.Methods. All patients admitted with AMI were considered eligible for direct PTCA, including those with the most profound shock, and no upper age limit was used. The treatment protocol also included stenting of the infarct-related artery for a poor or suboptimal angiographic result after conventional PTCA.Results. Between January 1995 and March 1997, 364 consecutive patients underwent direct PTCA, and in 66 patients AMI was complicated by cardiogenic shock. In patients with cardiogenic shock, direct PTCA had a success rate of 94%; an optimal angiographic result was achieved in 85%; primary stenting of the infarct-related artery was accomplished in 47%; and the in-hospital mortality rate was 26%. Univariate analysis showed that patient age, chronic coronary occlusion and completeness of revascularization were significantly related to in-hospital mortality. The mean follow-up period was 16 ± 8 months. Survival rate at 6 months was 71%. Comparison of event-free survival in patients with a stented or nonstented infarct-related artery suggests an initial and long-term benefit of primary stenting.Conclusions. Systematic direct PTCA, including stent-supported PTCA, can establish a Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade 3 flow in the great majority of patients presenting with AMI and early cardiogenic shock. High performance criteria, including new devices such as coronary stents, should be considered in randomized trials where mechanical revascularization therapy is being tested.     

Coronary stenting in acute myocardial infarction complicated with cardiogenic shock

AIM: To assess immediate and long-term results of urgent coronary stenting in patients with cardiogenic shock. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty three patients (15 men, 8 women mean age 58-/+12 years) with myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock treated with vasopressors and intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP). Culprit lesions were localized in left anterior descending and right coronary arteries in 16 and 7 cases, respectively. Prior to stenting 18 and 5 patients had TIMI grade 0 and 1 flow, respectively. RESULTS: Stents (n=26, Seaquence and Ephesos, length 12-28 mm, diameter 2-3.5 mm) were successfully implanted in all patients after balloon predilation. After stenting TIMI grade 3 flow was achieved in 15 patients, 8 patients had TIMI-2 flow without angiographic signs of dissection or residual stenosis. There were 4 inhospital deaths and 19 patients (83%) were discharged. One angioplasty and 2 coronary artery bypass grafting procedures because of restenosis and reocclusion were successfully performed during first 4 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Urgent stenting combined with IABP was effective method of treatment of cardiogenic shock with 83% inhospital survival and 61% freedom from repeat revascularization.     

Coronary stent deployment without predilation in acute myocardial infarction: a feasible, safe, and effective technique

Direct percutaneous transcatheter revascularization (PTCR) is becoming an acceptable therapy for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Stenting in the setting of AMI, once considered contraindicated, is emerging as a suitable option in this situation. Coronary stenting without predilation (SWOP) may potentially shorten the procedure and radiation time, reduce costs, and decrease procedural complications such as coronary dissection and distal embolization. It is expected to cause less vascular injury, with a reduction in the rate of in-stent restenosis. In this preliminary study the authors evaluated the feasibility of the SWOP procedure in 22 selected patients with AMI. Indications for catheter-based myocardial reperfusion were the following: extensive anterior wall MI (68%), inferior wall and right ventricular MI (23%), and inferior wall MI with contraindication for thrombolytic therapy (9%). Patients with cardiogenic shock or with contraindications for aspirin or ticlopidine were excluded. SWOP was successful in 21 attempts (95%), and final procedural success was achieved in all. Proximal or distal dissections were seen in three cases and were treated by additional three stents. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow 3 was restored in all patients. There were no distal embolizations, side branch occlusions, coronary perforations, procedure-related emergency bypass operations, or deaths. It is concluded that in selected patients with AMI, coronary artery stenting without predilation is feasible and safe and does not introduce additional risk to the patients.     

冠状动脉内支架置入术的临床疗效及影响因素

目的探讨影响冠状动脉内支架置入术疗效的相关因素。方法对1995年3月～1998年5月间75例冠脉内支架患者进行回顾性分析,评价手术疗效及并发症,观察终点为心肌梗死或死 亡。结果75例患者共置入支架95个,成功率为97．9％,术中支架脱落2例(占2．1％),术后6h急性血栓性闭塞1例。随访(24．4±13．6)个月,再发心绞痛7例,冠脉造影证实5例再狭窄,2例支架部 位闭塞,其中1例死于不可逆性心原性休克。结论冠脉内支架手术成功率高、再狭窄率低,冠脉病变的特点及是否进行了有效的抗凝、降脂治疗,是影响临床疗效的重要因素。     

75岁以上急性冠状动脉综合征患者应用药物洗脱支架一年随访结果

目的探讨雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架在老年急性冠状动脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中应用的安全性和有效性。方法对112例年龄75岁以上的急性冠状动脉综合征患者的125处罪犯病变行PCI治疗,共置入了140枚雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架。结果112例PCI均成功,未发生与PCI有关的并发症。2例于术后18 h内死于心源性休克,1例术后第3天死于心脏破裂,未发生主要不良心血管事件。进行1年临床随访,有1例术后3个月发生猝死,另有2例术后5个月再次行冠状动脉血管重建术,无其他主要不良心血管事件发生。结论雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架在老年急性冠状动脉综合征患者的急诊PCI中应用有较强的安全性和有效性。     

冠状动脉内支架置入术治疗老年患者复杂冠状动脉病变

目的　探讨经皮冠状动脉腔内支架置入术治疗老年患者复杂性冠状动脉病变的疗效及安全性。方法对 4 5例冠心病患者施行冠状动脉内支架置入术 ,病变血管共 5 8支 ,B型病变 4 9处 ,C型病变 1 3处 ,慢性完全闭塞病变 4处 ,共置入支架 64只。置入左前降支 2 7只 ,左回旋支 1 3只 ,右冠状动脉 2 4只。De Novo支架置入 4 4只 ,Suboptimal支架置入 1 5只 ,Bail-out支架置入 3只 ,再狭窄病变支架置入 2只。结果　术后经冠状动脉造影证实疗效满意 ,支架置入成功率为 98.4 %。术前病变平均直径狭窄 (86.5± 7.8) % ,术后残余直径狭窄 (5 .1± 1 0 .3 ) %。住院期间无亚急性支架血栓形成。 1例出现假性动脉瘤 ,1例在术中及术后出现三次心室颤动 ,4例患者术后心绞痛复发 ,复查冠状动脉造影发现了 3个支架节段血管有再狭窄。结论　对于老年冠心病患者复杂冠状动脉病变 ,经皮冠状动脉内支架置入术是一种安全有效的介入性治疗技术 ,其成功率高 ,并发症发生率低