MR高分辨磁敏感加权成像在颅脑弥漫性轴索损伤中的应用价值

目的 探讨高分辨磁敏感加权成像(susceptibility-weighted imaging,SWI)序列在颅脑弥漫性轴索损伤(diffuse axonal injury,DAI)诊断中的价值及SWI上病灶数目与患者临床预后的关系.方法 21例经临床及影像学确诊的DAI患者,分别在外伤后15 d内行3.0T MR常规序列(T1WI 、T2WI 和FLAIR)及高分辨SWI序列扫描,并观察患者病灶形态、分布、数目等,对比分析SWI和常规MR序列对DAI病灶显示的敏感性及信号特征,并与哥拉斯哥昏迷计分表(GCS)评分及预后进行相关性分析.结果 21例DAI患者中,MRI常规扫描共发现183个病灶,其中T1WI检出32个,T2WI检出65个,FLAIR检出86个;SWI序列共检出467个病灶.DAI出血灶的分布形态在SWI上表现多样,皮髓质交界区的病灶多呈斑点状或串珠状;脑白质和小脑病灶多呈团状或点片状;基底节、脑干病灶多呈斑片或点状.SWI序列发现病灶数量明显多于常规MR(t = -2.210,P＜ 0.05).SWI显示DAI的病灶数目与患者GCS评分呈负相关(r = -0.849,P＜0.05).结论 SWI对脑内微出血灶的检出明显优于常规MRI,并且病灶的数量与患者GCS评分密切相关,对DAI的诊断和预后判断有很高的价值.     

结节性筋膜炎的影像表现

Objective To explore the CT and MR imaging features of nodular fasciitis(NF), which will in return improve the standard and quality of diagnosis. Methods CT (n = 4) and MRI (n = 5) findings of pathologically proved nodular fasciitis in 9 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of 9 NF, 5 were located in the lower extremities, 2 in the abdominal wall, and the others in the acoustic duct. The resected tumor size vary from 1.1 to 9. 5 cm in the largest diameter and mean (3.7±0.3) cm. All lesions appeared as a discrete solid mass on imaging. The CT value of lesions was similar to muscle. MR imaging manifested as a hypo to isointense lesion on T1WI and hyperintense signal intensity on T2WI. There was homogeneous or heterogeneous moderate to significant enhancement in the lesions. Conclusion CT and MRI can provide helpful information for the clinical and differential diagnosis of NF.     

磁敏感加权成像在弥漫性轴索损伤中的应用价值

目的通过比较磁敏感加权成像(susceptibility weighted imaging,SWI)与常规MRI序列对弥漫性轴索损伤(diffuse axonal injury,DAI)病灶的显示情况,探讨SWI对DAI的诊断价值;比较SWI及常规MRI序列在检测DAI病灶数目及体积方面的差别,探讨SWI显示DAI病灶数目、体积与患者格拉斯哥昏迷评分(glasgow coma score,GCS)之间的相关性。资料与方法对36例临床确诊为DAI的患者分别行常规MRI及SWI扫描;常规MRI与SWI在显示病灶数目及体积方面分别采用U检验及配对t检验。结果 SWI显示DAI病灶分布于皮髓质交界以及白质区域,呈"斑点"状、"串珠"状、"线条"状明显低信号病灶;常规MRI序列检出96个病灶,SWI检出511个病灶,两种方法在检测病灶数目方面差异具有统计学意义(Z=-6.801,P=0.000)。常规序列检测病灶总体积约29.09 cm3,SWI显示病灶总体积约为66.95 cm3,两种方法在检测病灶总体积方面差异具有统计学意义(t=-7.916,P=0.000)。SWI显示病灶数目与患者GCS之间存在负相关性(r=-0.796,P=0.000);SWI显示病灶体积与患者GCS之间存在负相关性(r=-0.652,P=0.000)。结论 SWI在显示DAI病灶及评价患者病情方面优于常规MRI序列。     

Kimura病的CT、MRI表现

Objective To study the imaging features of Kimura disease to improve diagnostic ability prior to surgery.Methods The clinical manifestations and CT and MR findings of 11 patients with histologically confirmed Kimura disease were retrospectively analyzed.All 11 tumors originated from (or involved)the parotid region in 7 cases, the maxillofacial region in 2 cases, the palate in one case and the groin in one case.Clinically, the lesions showed asymptomatic tumors with the mean clinical course over 2 years.The increase of cosinophilic granulocyte was found in all 11 cases.Results On CT and MRI,5 patients were single masses and others were muhi-nodular masses.The smallest lesion was 6 mm×3 mm,and the largest lesion was 60 mm × 34 mm.The lesions were almost ill-defined in the subcutaneous tissue,especially 10 locating underlying superficialfascia in head and neck.On CT,the lesions showed homogeneous hypodense to the muscle in 9 patients.The lesions appeared isointeuse signal or slightly hypointense on MR T1WI and slightly hyperinteuse on T2WI in 3 patients.All lesions revealed moderate or marked, and homogeneous or inhomngeneous enhancement.Regional lymph nodes (eight cases in the maxillofacial region and one in the groin) enlarged without necrosis and fusion, and with marked enhancement.Conclusion The clinical and imaging findings of Kimura disease have some characteristics, the diagnosis can be made combined with the laboratory examination.     

Kimura病的CT、MRI表现

Objective To study the imaging features of Kimura disease to improve diagnostic ability prior to surgery.Methods The clinical manifestations and CT and MR findings of 11 patients with histologically confirmed Kimura disease were retrospectively analyzed.All 11 tumors originated from (or involved)the parotid region in 7 cases, the maxillofacial region in 2 cases, the palate in one case and the groin in one case.Clinically, the lesions showed asymptomatic tumors with the mean clinical course over 2 years.The increase of cosinophilic granulocyte was found in all 11 cases.Results On CT and MRI,5 patients were single masses and others were muhi-nodular masses.The smallest lesion was 6 mm×3 mm,and the largest lesion was 60 mm × 34 mm.The lesions were almost ill-defined in the subcutaneous tissue,especially 10 locating underlying superficialfascia in head and neck.On CT,the lesions showed homogeneous hypodense to the muscle in 9 patients.The lesions appeared isointeuse signal or slightly hypointense on MR T1WI and slightly hyperinteuse on T2WI in 3 patients.All lesions revealed moderate or marked, and homogeneous or inhomngeneous enhancement.Regional lymph nodes (eight cases in the maxillofacial region and one in the groin) enlarged without necrosis and fusion, and with marked enhancement.Conclusion The clinical and imaging findings of Kimura disease have some characteristics, the diagnosis can be made combined with the laboratory examination.     

MR磁敏感加权成像对脑弥漫性轴索损伤的诊断价值

目的 探讨磁敏感加权成像技术(SWI)在脑弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)中的应用价值.方法 27例DAI患者行1.5 T MR检查,扫描方法为T1WI、T2WI、FLAIR及SWI序列扫描,比较不同序列对DAI脑内病灶的显示率并分析其信号特征,评价SWI在检查和诊断中的作用.结果 27例各序列脑内各部位DAI病灶平均检出数依次为:T1WI 0.35±0.27 、T2WI 1.74±0.81 、FLAIR 3.04±2.11 、SWI 7.25±4.86,SWI检出数最多,共检出DAI出血灶1175个,与T1WI、T2WI和FLAIR的差异有统计学意义(Z值分别为-6.324,-5.752,-4.357,P<0.01),SWI可以显示常规序列不能显示的针尖大小的出血灶,且病灶边界显示更加清晰.DAI出血病灶主要分布在皮髓交界区、基底节、胼胝体、脑干及小脑等区域,SWI图像上表现为大小不等的斑点状、结节状、条索状显著低信号.结论 SWI对DAI出血性病灶的检出具有极高的敏感性,能够检出更多、更小病灶,且病灶显示更加清晰,应作为MR诊断DAI常规序列.     

多回波采集T*2加权三维梯度回波序列在弥漫性轴索损伤出血性剪切灶检出中的应用

目的 比较多回波采集的T2*WI三维梯度回波(ESWAN)序列和常规T2*WI梯度回波序列(GRE T2*WI)对弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)出血性剪切灶的检出效能,并结合成像参数进一步探讨ESWAN序列的原理及优势.方法 回顾性分析17例DAI患者行MR检查的影像资料,比较ESWAN序列经多回波幅度平均技术后处理后的图像与常规GRE T2*WI序列对大脑总体及分区(大脑表浅区、深部区及后颅窝区)出血灶显示数量的差异,统计学分析采用配对比较秩和检验.结果 GRE T2*WI显示的出血灶在ESWAN图像上信号更低而更明显;ESWAN序列检出出血灶的中位数(范围)分别为全脑27(1～239)个、脑表浅区13(1～89)个、脑深部区5(0～111)个及后颅窝区1(0～39)个;GRE T2*WI序列检出出血灶的中位数(范围)分别为全脑7(1～34)个、脑表浅区5(1～27)个、脑深部区2(0～25)个及后颅窝区0(0～4)个.配对比较秩和检验显示两种序列在全脑及各分区的检出数量上差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-3.519、-3.182、-3.185、-2.677,P值均＜0.05).结论 ESWAN序列的多回波采集优势保障了足够的磁敏感效应,较GRE T2*WI序列检出小出血灶更敏感,为DAI的诊断及病情的评估提供了更多有价值的影像信息.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the efficiency of enhanced T2* weighted angiography (ESWAN) sequence with that of a conventional T2*-weighted gradient-recalled-echo (GRE T2*WI) sequence for the detection of hemorrhagic shearing lesions in patients with diffuse axonal injury (DAI). And combined with MRI parameters, to further discuss the principles and virtues of ESWAN sequence. Methods Seventeen patients with DAI were enrolled in this study. The raw data acquired from ESWAN scan were postprocessed by using the mean square root of multi-echoes. Then, the postprocessed images were compared with the conventional GRE T2* weighted images. The global and regional (superficial, deep and posterior fossa) lesion numbers determined by both sequences were compared by using Wilcoxon signed ranks test (two-tailed). Differences were considered to be significant at P≤0.05. Results Hemorrhagic lesions were more obvious on ESWAN images than those on conventional GRE T2* weighted images. The median and range value of the detected lesion numbers on ESWAN images were 27 and (1-239) in whole brain, 13 and (1-89) in cerebral superficial region, 5 and (0-111) in cerebral deep region and 1 and (0-39) in posterior fossa region, respectively; whereas, on GRE T2* weighted images, they were 7 and (1-34) in whole brain, 5 and (1-27) in cerebral superficial region, 2 and (0-25) in cerebral deep region and 0 and (0-4) in posterior fossa region, respectively. There were significant statistical differences between the two sequences in revealing the lesions in all the four regions (Z=-3.519,-3.182,-3.185,-2.677,P＜0.05). Conclusion In ESWAN sequence, multi-echo acquisition ensured sufficient magnetic susceptibility for detecting small hemorrhagic lesions. So, ESWAN is more sensitive to small hemorrhage, which revealed more hemorrhagic lesions than conventional GRE T2*WI and presented more valuable information for the diagnosis of DAI.     

The Application of Susceptibility Weighted Imaging in Diagnosis and Classification of Diffuse Axonal Injury

目的 探讨磁敏感加权成像( susceptibility-weighted imaging,SWI)在弥漫性轴索损伤(diffuse axonal injury,DAI)的临床诊断和分级中的应用价值.资料与方法 26例DAI患者均行3.0 T MR检查,扫描序列包括T1WI、T2WI、液体衰减反转恢复(FLAIR)、扩散加权成像(DWI)及SWI,比较不同序列对DAI腩内病灶的显示率并分析其信号特征,评价SWI在DAI检查、诊断和分级中的作用.结果 各序列显示脑内各部位DAI病灶平均检出数依次为:T1WI (0.327 +0.910)、T2 WI (0.523±1.332)、FLAIR(1.179±2.832)、DWI(1.417±3.579)、SWI (5.340±10.483),其中SWI序列检出DAI病灶的数目最多,共检出DAI出血灶833个,与T1WI、T2WI、FLAIR和DWI的差异有统计学意义(F值分别为12.42、14.29、15.34、20.36,P＜0.001).在SWI表现为斑点状或小结节低信号改变,位于白质及皮髓交界区病灶排列呈甩鞭样或串珠状,具有特征性.在SWI上,38.46％(10/26例)患者为DAI分级Ⅰ级,26.92％(7/26例)患者为DAI分级Ⅱ级,34.62％(9/26例)患者为DAI分级Ⅲ级,DAI分级与格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)之间具有相关性(r=-0.759,P=0.00026),DAI的SWI分级能较好地反映DAI的损伤程度.结论 SWI对DAI出血性病灶的检出具有较高的敏感性,能较常规MRI其他序列检出更多、更小病灶,其呈甩鞭样或串珠状排列更能体现DAI的损伤特点,较常规MRI序列更好地对DAI进行分级诊断,为临床预后提供重要依据.     

成人白血病中枢神经系统并发症的CT与MRI表现

目的 探讨成人白血病中枢神经系统并发症(CNSCL)的CT和MRI表现及其诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析18例经临床及手术病理证实的成人CNSCL的CT和MRI表现,其中急性淋巴细胞白血病7例,急性非淋巴细胞白血病10例,慢性粒单细胞白血病1例.CT平扫11例,其中增强1例;MR平扫16例,其中增强11例.结果 颅内受累14例:(1)颅内出血7例,其中脑内血肿4例,脑内血肿合并微出血1例,微出血2例.脑内血肿均为多发病灶.CT表现为团状高密度影;MRI表现为T1WI低信号或高低混杂信号,T2WI高信号或等高信号伴环状低信号环,病灶呈环形强化或无明显强化.脑微出血在磁敏感加权成像(SWI)上表现为多发斑点状及小条状低信号,其病灶检出率明显优于CT及MRI其他常规序列检查;7例中,伴脑梗死及蛛网膜下腔出血各1例.(2)颅内肿块5例:其中左额部内板下梭形病灶或跨颅板肿块2例,T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高低混杂信号,并有明显均匀强化,均见脑膜尾征;鞍区肿块1例,CT示鞍区高密度影,MRI示鞍区T1WI稍低信号,T2WI高信号,有不均匀强化;右侧脑室体旁肿块1例,T1WI、T2WI均呈等信号,有明显均匀强化.左额顶叶壁厚囊性肿块1例,呈环形强化.(3)梗阻性脑积水1例,表现为中脑导水管以上脑室系统扩张.(4)脑膜病变1例,MRI表现为广泛脑膜增厚伴明显均匀强化.椎管内病变4例:其中胸腰椎左侧椎旁软组织肿块2例,侵犯椎管内,伴邻近肋骨骨质破坏1例;椎管内肿块1例,表现为胸椎管后方梭形T1WI等高信号,T2WI等低信号灶,无明显强化;胸髓信号异常1例,表现为胸髓条状T2WI及液体衰减反转恢复(FLAIR)序列高信号影.结论 成人CNSCL影像表现多种多样,CT与MRI对该病的诊断价值相辅相成;白血病患者疑脑内病变者,建议常规使用SWI检查,以尽早发现脑微出血,降低脑内血肿发生的风险.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the CT and MRI findings and their diagnostic value of central nervous system complications of leukemia (CNSCL). Methods The CT and MRI findings of 18 adult patients with CNSCL proved by clinical features or pathology were retrospectively analyzed. Among 18 cases,7 were acute lymphocytic leukemia, 10 acute non-lymphocytic leukemia and 1 chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Eleven cases underwent plain CT scan with one of them also receiving contrast-enhanced CT scan enhancement, 16 cases underwent plain MR scan with 11 of them receiving contrast-enhanced MR scan.Results Intracranial lesions in 14 cases: (1)intracranial hemorrhage was found in 7 cases, including intracerebral hematoma in 4 cases, micro-haemorrhage in 2 cases, and intracerebral hematoma accompanying by multiple intracerebral micro-haemorrhage foci in 1 case. All cases with intracerebral hematoma showed multiple lesions, which demonstrated high-density on CT images, and low or mixed signal on T1 WI, high- or intermediate signal with low-signal rim on T2 WI and ring enhancement or no evident enhancement. Microhaemorrhage manifested as multiple mini-mottling and strip hypointense foci on susceptibility weighted imaging, on which the detection rate of micro-haemorrhage foci was much higher than that on CT and other sequences of MRI. Among the 7 cases, one also had cerebral infarction and one subarachnoid hemorrhage.(2) Intracranial mass was found in 5 cases, among which two appeared as masses under or bestride cranium in the left frontal region with hypointensity on T1 WI, mixed signal on T2WI, strong homogeneous enhancement and dural tail sign;one showed a mass in saddle area, with high density on CT, slightly low signal on T1WI, high signal on T2WI and heterogeneous enhancement; one case displayed a mass near lateral ventricle with iso-intensity on T1 WI and T2WI and strong homogeneous enhancement; and one case manifested as cystic mass in the left fronto-apical lobe, with thick wall and ring enhancement (3)Obstructive hydrocephalus was found in 1 case, manifesting dilation of ventricles above the aquaeductus mesencephali. (4) Meningopathy was found in 1 case, manifesting diffuse thickening of meninges with strong homogeneous enhancement on MRI. Pathological changes of spinal canal was found in 4 cases among which two showed para-spinal mass involving vertebral canal and causing bone destruction of adjacent ribs; one case showed fusiform mass posterior to vertebral canal with high and intermediate signal on T1 WI and low and iso-signal on T2WI without enhancement; one showed zonale leison in thoracic cord with high signal on T2WI and fluid attenuated inversion recovery. Conclusion The radiologic manifestations of adult CNSCL are various and the role of CT and MRI for the diagnosis of CNSCL may complement each other. SWI is suggested as routine examination for patients of leukemia, in whom intracerebral lesions were suspected in order to find micro-haemorrhage as early as possible and reduce the risk of intracerebral hematoma occurrence.     

3.0 T磁敏感加权成像在出血性弥漫性轴索损伤中的诊断价值

目的 探讨磁敏感加权成像(susceptibility weighted imaging,SWI)在出血性弥漫性轴索损伤(diffuse axonal injury,DAI)中的诊断价值. 方法 回顾性分析20例外伤后3d内行MRI检查的DAI患者的资料,扫描序列包括T1WI、T2WI、液体衰减反转恢复(fluid attenuated inversion recovery,FLAIR)序列和扩散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)及SWI扫描.GCS≤8分15例,9 ～12分3例,13 ～ 15分2例;统计病灶的发生部位、数量,测量各扫描序列发现的病灶面积,应用X2检验比较各序列病灶检出率的差异,并对患者DAI出血灶面积与GCS评分作相关分析. 结果 DAI出血灶在脑表浅部位较后颅窝和脑深部多,SWI序列对出血性病灶的检出率最高,与其他序列的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),出血灶的面积与GCS评分呈负相关(r=-0.921,P＜0.01). 结论 SWI能非常敏感地检出外伤后急性期DAI患者的脑内出血灶.     

3T磁敏感成像在弥漫性轴索损伤中的应用及与GCS评分的相关性

目的探讨3 T磁敏感加权成像(SWI)及扩散加权成像(DWI)对弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)的诊断价值及其与格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分的相关性。资料与方法对40例DAI患者,均行常规T1WI、T2WI、液体衰减反转恢复(FLAIR)、DWI及SWI,对所得数据在工作站用软件进行图像后处理,并分析、统计。结果在40例DAI患者中,磁共振常规序列共发现36个出血灶,在DWI上共发现44个出血灶,在SWI上共发现376个出血灶,GCS评分13～15分25例,9～12分11例,≤8分4例,GCS评分较低者其出血灶数较多,且出血灶范围较大者其GCS评分亦较低。结论在DAI患者中,SWI能较常规序列及DWI上显示更多脑内微小出血灶,GCS评分高低与出血灶数目多少及大小有明显相关性。SWI可为临床早期诊断DAI和在治疗方案的制定及评估预后中提供很大帮助。     

磁敏感加权成像在颅脑损伤中的价值

目的:探讨磁敏感加权成像(SWI)序列在颅脑损伤诊断及伤情和预后评估中的价值。方法:收集2017年1月-2018年8月40例颅脑外伤患者,行CT平扫、MRI常规序列及SWI序列检查,检测各方法显示颅内出血灶数量;并分析SWI序列所发现出血灶数量和体积与GCS、GOS评分相关性。结果:40例患者中SWI序列共检出血灶420个,T1WI上206个,T2WI上225个,FLAIR上279个,CT上186个。40例患者以GCS评分分为轻度、中度、重度三组,经Spearman相关分析表明出血灶的数目和体积与患者的GCS、GOS评分呈负相关。结论:SWI中发现的出血灶数量多于MR常规序列及CT显示的病灶,SWI显示出血灶的数目和体积与GCS、GOS评分呈负相关,出血灶数目越多、体积越大,GCS、GOS评分越低,颅脑损伤越重、预后越差。     

磁敏感加权成像在弥漫性轴索损伤诊断和分级中的临床应用

目的探讨磁敏感加权成像(susceptibility-weighted imaging,SWI)在弥漫性轴索损伤(diffuse axonal injury,DAI)的临床诊断和分级中的应用价值。资料与方法 26例DAI患者均行3.0 T MR检查,扫描序列包括T1WI、T2WI、液体衰减反转恢复(FLAIR)、扩散加权成像(DWI)及SWI,比较不同序列对DAI脑内病灶的显示率并分析其信号特征,评价SWI在DAI检查、诊断和分级中的作用。结果各序列显示脑内各部位DAI病灶平均检出数依次为:T1WI(0.327±0.910)、T2WI(0.523±1.332)、FLAIR(1.179±2.832)、DWI(1.417±3.579)、SWI(5.340±10.483),其中SWI序列检出DAI病灶的数目最多,共检出DAI出血灶833个,与T1WI、T2WI、FLAIR和DWI的差异有统计学意义(F值分别为12.42、14.29、15.34、20.36,P<0.001)。在SWI表现为斑点状或小结节低信号改变,位于白质及皮髓交界区病灶排列呈甩鞭样或串珠状,具有特征性。在SWI上,38.46%(10/26例)患者为DAI分级Ⅰ级,26.92%(7/26例)患者为DAI分级Ⅱ级,34.62%(9/26例)患者为DAI分级Ⅲ级,DAI分级与格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)之间具有相关性(r=-0.759,P=0.00026),DAI的SWI分级能较好地反映DAI的损伤程度。结论SWI对DAI出血性病灶的检出具有较高的敏感性,能较常规MRI其他序列检出更多、更小病灶,其呈甩鞭样或串珠状排列更能体现DAI的损伤特点,较常规MRI序列更好地对DAI进行分级诊断,为临床预后提供重要依据。     

SWI在弥漫性轴索损伤中脑内出血灶的诊断应用

目的利用磁敏感加权成像(SWI)了解弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)出血灶的表现并探讨SWI在外伤性DAI中出血灶的应用价值。资料与方法20例DAI患者行3.0T磁共振SWI。观察DAI脑内出血灶在SWI上的形态、分布、数目等,并与昏迷程度、昏迷天数以及预后等进行对比或相关分析。结果DAI的出血灶在SWI像上表现为斑点状,线条状,小团状低信号,病灶最大径最大者15mm,最小者<0.5mm。DAI出血灶在脑表浅部分布较后颅窝和脑深部多。DAI出血灶总数分别与格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)和昏迷天数呈负相关(r=-0.931,P=0.000)和正相关(r=0.924,P=0.000)。预后不良组患者DAI出血灶数大于恢复良好组。结论SWI有助于显示DAI出血灶,从而能够较好地解释DAI的临床症状,并对判断DAI患者的预后亦有一定价值。     

3.0T磁共振磁敏感加权成像对出血性脑梗死的诊断和鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨3.0T磁共振磁敏感加权成像(SWI)对出血性脑梗死的诊断和鉴别诊断价值。方法对430例脑梗死患者行MR的T1WI、T2WI、DWI与SWI扫描,分析T1WI、T2WI、DWI和SWI对出血性脑梗死检出率的差异和SWI对于出血性脑梗死的鉴别诊断价值。结果 SWI检出出血性脑梗死45例,T1WI检出20例,T2WI检出28例,DWI检出31例。结论 SWI较MR常规序列(T1WI和T2WI)和DWI序列可检出更多的出血性脑梗死病例;可早期发现脑梗死中的出血灶,明显优于MR常规序列(T1WI和T2WI)和DWI序列;具有一定的鉴别诊断价值;可作为出血性脑梗死检查的一线方法或常规序列。     

磁敏感成像在脑弥漫性轴索损伤中的应用价值

目的:评价磁敏感成像(SWI)在脑弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)中的价值。方法:回顾性分析45例DAI的SWI序列影像特点,并与常规MRI序列对照分析。结果:所有序列共检出病灶413个。SWI序列检出病灶402个,其中水肿灶56个,表现为片状高(稍高)信号;水肿伴出血灶346个,表现为片状高(稍高)信号区内分布斑点状低信号。常规MRI序列共检出病灶392个,表现为单纯水肿灶316个,水肿伴出血灶76个灶。SWI检出病灶以及病灶内合并出血的敏感性明显高于常规检查序列,差异有统计学意义。结论:SWI能高效检出DAI病灶,同时可明显提高出血性病灶的检出率,有助于准确评价病变的严重程度,为DAI最有价值的检查方法。     

弥散加权成像在弥漫性轴索损伤伤情判断和预后评价中的应用价值

目的 探讨弥散加权成像(DWI)对弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)患者伤情判断和预后评估的价值. 方法 回顾性分析29例DAI患者临床影像学资料及伤后6个月随访结果,比较DWI与常规MRI序列脑内病灶的检出数,分析DWI中不同部位病灶数与患者相应GCS、GOS评分的关系. 结果 (1)29例各序列脑内DAI病灶平均检出数为:DWI(19.24±5.72)个,FLAIR(14.41±4.50)个,T2WI(10.58±3.79)个,T1WI(4.83±2.11)个.DWI的病灶检出数最高,与其他序列比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).(2)脑中轴(胼胝体、基底节区、脑干)病灶数与GCS、GOS评分旱负相关(P<0.05),总病灶数及外周病灶数与GCS、GOS评分均无相关性(P>0.05).结论 DWI为DAI病灶检出的敏感序列,脑巾轴病灶检出数可作为DAI患者伤情判断和预后评估的客观指标.     

磁敏感加权成像对颅内多发海绵状血管瘤的诊断价值

目的:探讨磁共振磁敏感加权成像序列(SWI)对脑内多发海绵状血管瘤的诊断价值。方法:前瞻性地采用磁共振SWI序列及快速自旋回波序列TSE-T1WI、T2WI对6例颅内多发海绵状血管瘤患者进行扫描,分析MRI不同扫描序列图像区别。结果:6例患者中TSE T1WI发现海绵状血管瘤病灶23个,TSE T2WI发现病灶92个,SWI发现病灶192个。结论:在显示颅内多发海绵状血管瘤方面,SWI较TSE序列有明显优势,特别是对于小病灶的检出。     

磁共振成像在诊断颅内海绵状血管瘤中的应用价值

目的分析颅内海绵状血管瘤(cerebral cavernous malformations,CCMs)常规MRI序列表现及MRI磁敏感加权成像(susceptibility weighted imaging,SWI)的诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析50例经病理证实的CCMs患者的MRI资料,比较常规MRI序列(T1WI和T2WI)和SWI表现、检出率和病灶大小,判断其对CCMs的诊断价值。结果 50例共捡出97个病灶,22个病灶可见短T1信号伴出血,常规MRI对出血病灶具有多种表现形式;75个病灶未见短T1信号不伴出血。49个病灶T2WI灶周具有"铁环征";97个病灶中有48个病灶在T1WI或T2WI上呈"网格"状或"桑椹"状高、低混合信号;8个病灶T1WI、T2WI均呈高信号;6个病灶T1WI、T2WI均呈低信号;3个病灶T1WI呈等信号、T2WI呈稍低信号。SWI显示的病灶范围包括瘤体及灶周含铁血黄素区域,病灶信号不均匀性降低;SWI上90个病灶显示均匀或不均匀黑色信号,7个病灶显示混杂信号影。T1WI、T2WI、SWI对出血性病灶的检出率均为100%,SWI对非出血性病灶检出率为100%,显著高于T1WI和T2WI(18.6%和40.0%,P<0.05)。SWI显示出血性瘤体大小为(3.3±1.2)cm,显著大于T1WI和T2WI[(2.0±0.6)cm和(2.6±0.9)cm,P<0.05];SWI显示非出血性瘤体大小为(3.1±1.1)cm,显著大于T1WI和T2WI[(1.7±0.6)cm和(2.3±0.8)cm,P<0.05]。结论 MRI是诊断CCMs的首选方法,常规序列结合SWI序列能提供更准确和更全面的诊断信息。