Associations of sleep problems and recent life events with smoking behaviors among female staff nurses in Japanese hospitals

For the purpose of examining the relation of sleep problems and other possible correlates with smoking among staff nurses in hospitals, the cross-sectional data of a self-administered questionnaire survey for 522 Japanese female staff nurses were reanalyzed. Registered nurses or licensed practical nurses were 82%, while nursing assistants were 18%. The prevalence of current smoking (PCS) was 29%, being higher than that in the general population of Japanese women. The current smokers exhibited a high tendency toward tobacco dependence. Multivariate analyses revealed that PCS was associated with recent frequent night shifts and a large amount of support from coworkers, while the association of a large amount of job control and a feeling of light overnight sleep with PCS was also suggested. The tobacco-dependent tendency was associated with recent life events and the presence of insomnia. It is possible that smoking is a countermeasure against sleepiness caused by the disadaptation to shift-work, or that tobacco-intake pharmacologically disturbs sleep. For decreasing PCS in staff nurses, further research should focus on the relation of smoking with their sleepiness and shift-working system, and also on the process in which major life events develop smoking behaviors.     

Smoking behavior,initiating and cessation factors among Japanese nurses: a cohort study

The prevalence of smoking among Japanese nurses, specially in their twenties, is higher than that among the general female population. To examine smoking behavior, smoking initiating and cessation factors, we conducted a cohort study through questionnaire survey, targeting nurses (n=1572) working at 11 hospitals located in Tokyo metropolitan area. The first survey was conducted using a confidential questionnaire on smoking, followed by a second survey conducted in the same manner on the same subjects two years later. As to smoking status after two years, 8% (95%CI=1.5%) started smoking and 6% (95%CI=1.4%) quitted resulting in a 2% increase in the prevalence of current smoking. The average nicotine dependence for nurses who were smokers in the two surveys rose from 3.9 to 4.3 (P<0.05). Smoking behavior of mother, friends, or superiors at work had a significant influence on smoking behavior of nurses. As to smoking cessation factors, the idea that women and medical workers should not smoke, and living with family each had a significant influence. Considering the fact that 6% of nurses in this study succeeded in quitting smoking within two years, it is required that anti-smoking education be conducted at medical institutions to decrease the prevalence of current smoking among the nurses in Japan.     

Smoking behavior and attitudes toward smoking among hospital nurses.

We examined smoking prevalence, smoking behavior, and attitudes toward smoking in hospitals in 1,380 respondents among 1,719 registered nurses in a large urban teaching hospital. In this group, current prevalence of smoking in hospital nurses (22 per cent) was less than women in the general population (29 per cent). Smoking nurses were more likely than nonsmokers to hold attitudes which potentially reduce their efficacy in helping patients to stop smoking.     

海口市护理人员工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患现况及影响因素分析

目的 了解海口市护理人员工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs)症状发生情况并探讨其影响因素,为制订干预措施,提高护理人员健康水平提供依据.方法 以海口市2家三级甲等医院工龄满1年以上的护理人员为研究对象,用肌肉骨骼疾患自评问卷调查护理人员的一般情...     

Smoking-related attitudes and clinical practices of medical personnel in Minnesota

CONTEXT: Effective clinic-based, smoking-cessation activities are not widely implemented. OBJECTIVE: To compare and contrast the smoking-cessation attitudes and clinical practices of five types of primary healthcare team members. DESIGN AND SETTING: From July to October 2002, a cross-sectional survey was mailed to randomly selected primary care physicians (MDs), advanced practice nurses (APRNs), registered nurses (RNs), licensed practical nurses (LPNs), and medical assistants (MAs). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Factors associated with limited smoking-cessation service delivery. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 68% (n =3021). Most respondents reported that patients' smoking status was consistently documented at their clinic (79%); other system prompts were less common (30%). Many respondents reported documenting smoking status or recommending quitting; few reported consistently assessing, assisting, or arranging follow-up. The mean rank of smoking cessation as an important preventive service among nine preventive services declined from MDs (1.9) to APRNs (2.5), RNs (3.4), LPNs (4.2), and MAs (4.6). Smoking prevalence increased from 1% in MDs to 3% APRNs, 9% RNs, 17% LPNs, and 22% MAs. Those who reported no consistent smoking-cessation service delivery were more likely to be RNs, LPNs, or MAs, currently smoke, and work more hours. They were less likely to consider patients receptive to cessation messages, to consider themselves qualified to counsel on smoking, or to work in clinics that had smoking-cessation guidelines or system prompts such as chart reminders. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking-cessation service delivery may be enhanced if educational offerings, system changes, and training include all clinical staff members.     

Prevalencia de consumo de tabaco en trabajadores hospitalarios: metaanálisis en 45 hospitales catalanes

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of smoking in workers from hospitals within the Catalan Network for Smoke-free hospitals from 2009 to 2012 according to workers’ sociodemographic characteristics and the type of hospital.MethodA meta-analysis was performed of prevalence surveys from representative samples of workers from 45 hospitals. The combined prevalence for all hospitals was calculated using a regression model with a random effects model weighted by sample size.ResultsThe overall prevalence of smoking was 28.1% (95%CI: 26.1 to 30.0%) with a maximum and minimum of 40.3% and 19.1%, respectively. The health professionals with the lowest prevalence of smoking were physicians (16.4%; 95%CI: 12.9 to 19.9) and nurses (25.4%; 95%CI 21.6 to 29.2).ConclusionThe prevalence of smoking in hospital health workers was lower than in the general population of working age. Physicians were the group with the lowest smoking prevalence. Smoking cessation should be promoted among other professional groups.     

Impact of reproductive experience on women's smoking behaviour in Japanese nurses

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to describe current and past smoking behaviour of female Japanese nurses, to examine factors associated with developing and stopping a smoking habit, and to examine how their reproductive experiences affect their smoking behaviour. Study design: A cross-sectional study. This study was a baseline survey of a prospective occupational cohort study. METHODS: A self-administered survey of 1748 female Japanese nurses aged over 20 years was conducted in Gunma prefecture, Japan, in 1999. RESULTS: Overall, 27.2% developed a smoking habit (current smokers, 19.8%; ex-smokers, 7.4%) and 72.2% were never smokers. Logistic regression analysis showed that the type of nursing certificate was statistically associated with developing a smoking habit. It also showed that the type of nursing certificate, work place, marital status and current pregnancy were statistically associated with smoking cessation. Currently pregnant women were more likely to stop smoking than non-pregnant women (adjusted odds ratio, 3.18; 95% confidence intervals, 1.25-8.06). For women aged 20-29 years, the proportions of current smokers, ex-smokers and never smokers among pregnant women were 11.5, 23.1 and 65.4%, respectively; among non-pregnant women of this age, the values were 22.3, 4.3 and 73.4%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in such proportions between the two groups (chi2=19.27; P<0.0001). More than half of the ex-smokers who were currently pregnant had stopped smoking in the last 12 months. Smoking behaviour showed no statistically significant difference between women who had had at least one delivery and women who had not. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that pregnancy provides a good opportunity for smoking cessation, but a large proportion of women who successfully quit smoking during pregnancy relapse after delivery.     

2011年长沙市医院工作人员吸烟现况及相关知识调查

目的 了解长沙市医院工作人员的吸烟状况及相关认知与态度,为制定无烟医院政策提供科学依据. 方法 2011年9-10月,采用分层随机抽样方法抽取长沙市10所医院的1000名工作人员进行吸烟相关的问卷调查.结果 长沙市医院工作人员吸烟率为24.0％,现在吸烟率为16.8％,吸烟者日平均吸烟量为15.22支,60％以上吸烟者自称在起床后1h内吸第一根烟.医院工作人员二手烟暴露率高达86.3％.调查中,仅有13.7％的被调查者表示未遭受被动吸烟.被调查者认同吸烟可能导致心脏病发作、中风、阳痿的比例为79.6％、80.4％和81.0％.医院工作人员对医院禁烟普遍持支持态度,但仍有32.8％的被调查者认为应该允许在医院内卫生间吸烟. 结论 长沙市医院工作人员中男性现在吸烟率较高,对单位室内完全禁烟支持率较高,在烟草与疾病认知方面还需要进一步提高,应对医院工作人员的吸烟行为进行干预,加强控烟知识培训,充分发挥医院和医院工作人员在烟草控制工作中的表率和支持作用.     

Smoking among nurses in Turkey: comparison with other countries

The purpose of this study was to obtain baseline information on smoking among nurses. An attempt was made to contact, in person, all 301 nurses working for the university hospital in Sivas, Turkey, and when contacted they were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire. Each unit of the hospital was visited three times, and 239 (79%) nurses were reached who all completed the questionnaire. Of the 239 respondents, 107 (45%) were current smokers, reflecting a substantially higher prevalence compared to that among the adult female population. The quit ratio was 22.5%. Of 127 ever-smoker nurses who responded to the related item, 90% started smoking during or after nursing education. This pattern of smoking initiation was different from the pattern in developed countries where nurses had already started smoking before beginning that training. Nurses with a high school education had a significantly higher prevalence of ever-smoking. Most respondents frequently or sometimes saw doctors smoking in rooms for nurses and in rooms for doctors in inpatient services. In-depth qualitative studies are needed to determine the reasons for the different smoking-initiation pattern.     

Role conflict and ambiguity: an empirical investigation of nursing personnel

A review of the nursing literature provides a number of hypotheses regarding levels among nurses of role ambiguity (uncertainty regarding others' expectations) and role conflict (incompatible demands from various role senders or from multiple roles held simultaneously). Questionnaire data collected from 504 registered staff nurses, licensed practical nurses, nurses aides and head nurses/supervisors in five hospitals failed to provide much support for these hypotheses. Although levels of role conflict and ambiguity were low for most nurses, they were significantly related to job stress, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and intentions to quit.     

北京市1214名护士吸烟状况及态度

医务人员的吸烟问题愈来愈受到人们的重视。对于医生的吸烟情况，国内已有诸多的报告，但是，关于护士的吸烟情况则很少有人报告。为了解目前护士的吸烟情况及变化趋势，我们在１９９３年曾对北京市５所医院的１２１４名护士的吸烟情况采用表格形式进行调查。调查对象均为女性，平均吸烟率为７．４％，市区７．３％，郊区７．９％。与５年前的调查结果（平均吸烟率１．６％）相比，护士的吸烟率明显上升。本次调查戒烟率极低，为３．３％。调查对象基本认识到吸烟的危害，多数护士向病人宣传吸烟的危害。     

Characteristics of registered nurses in nursing homes. Preliminary data from the 1985 National Nursing Home Survey.

Registered nurses work more often in other types of facilities or settings than in nursing homes. The typical RN working in a nursing home in 1985 was female, white, and married. RN's who work with the elderly tend to be older than the average RN. RN's on the staff of nursing homes in 1985 had a median age of about 45 years, and the majority had been working in their profession for 10 years or more. Studies have shown that nursing students associate negative stereotypes with caring for the elderly and that older health personnel, regardless of their profession, are more likely than their younger colleagues to view the elderly favorably (Feldbaum and Feldbaum, 1981; Smith, Jepson, and Perloff, 1982). Because the positions held most often by RN's who work full time in nursing homes are head nurse or supervisor or director of nursing, the actual hands-on care of the elderly is usually not performed by the registered nurse. That leaves the primary care of the elderly being provided by licensed practical nurses, licensed vocational nurses, and nurse's aides.     

THE SMOKING HABITS AND ATTITUDES OF NURSES

The demographic and social characteristics, attitudes to smokers and smoking, and knowledge about smoking were surveyed in 988 (81.3%) of 1,215 trainee and trained nurses in four locations in Perth, Western Australia. Male and female nurses were similar with 51% never having smoked regularly, 17% being ex-smokers and 32% current smokers. In comparison with Australian woman in general, there were less current smokers and more ex-smokers among female nurses. Female nurses smoked substantially more than Australian female doctors. The majority of nurses who had ever smoked (68%) began smoking between ages 15 and 19 years, 26% began in the first year of their nursing training and 26% smoked their first cigarette in the nurses' quarters. The knowledge of nurses about the health effects of smoking was similar to that of Australian doctors as were their opinions regarding their role in setting a non-smoking example to others. A substantial majority supported either a complete ban on smoking, or its restriction to especially segregated areas in aeroplanes, buses, trains, hospitals and cinemas.     

Smoking prevalence and attitudes of Gwynedd Health Authority staff towards passive smoking and the Authority's non-smoking policy

In 1989, a postal survey was undertaken to investigate the smoking prevalence and attitudes of Gwynedd Health Authority employees towards the Authority's non-smoking policy, passive smoking and other related issues. The results show a smoking prevalence rate of 22% for those participating in the survey, with over half of all smokers expressing a wish to stop. Although the rate was similar for males and females, it was marginally higher amongst nursing staff and young employees. Smoking prevalence was highest among the ancillary staff, and lowest among the medical and dental professions. Most employees were in broad agreement with the Authority's non-smoking policy, and a majority thought it about right or favoured extending it. Most non-smokers and ex-smokers believed passive smoking to be a health hazard, with an increased number rating it anti-social. Attitudes towards these issues were similar for males and females, with marked differences between the groups employed in different areas of the service. Younger employees were more aware of the dangers of passive smoking, but less sympathetic towards the policy than the older ones. The findings of this study highlight the differences between smokers and non-smokers on all smoking issues. The implications for health education and the Authority's non-smoking policies are discussed.     

北京市西城区居民吸烟状况分析

目的了解西城区居民吸烟状况，研究不同职业、化层次对吸烟行为的影响，为制定相关的健康教育方案提供依据。方法采用整群随机抽样方法，在西城区抽取355户，将每户中所有的家庭成员作为调查对象。结果男性吸烟率41．2％，女性吸烟率2．9％，整体吸烟率为21．4％。在不同的化程度中，男性吸烟率主要是具有高中忡专化程度人群，为56.3％，其次为盲化程度人群，占40．0％，女性吸烟率随化程度升高而降低，不同职业中男性吸烟率最高为生产运输人员，为70．4％，其次为待业人员，为68．4％。女性吸烟率最高为其他劳动，整体吸烟率最高为生产运输人员，不同性别婚姻状况吸烟率无统计学意义。结论西城区男性和女性吸烟率明显低于北京市平均水平，要重点加强对35～45岁控烟教育，并要研究有效的针对育龄妇女的吸烟问题和青少年吸烟问题干预措施。     

Prevalence and characteristics of smoking in primary healthcare workers in Iquique, Chile

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of the smoking habits of primary healthcare workers in Iquique, Chile. Study design: Cross-sectional study through a survey of all personnel working in primary health care in Iquique, Chile. METHODS: The following variables were investigated: biodemographical characteristics and aspects of smoking, knowledge of the adverse effects of smoking, and some lifestyle factors. RESULTS: Among the study population, a high prevalence of smokers was found (37%) and a further 26% were ex-smokers. The smokers were predominantly practical nurses, female, aged 25-45 years and married. The only significant relationship was between age and smoking habit (P=0.02), with smoking prevalence among younger groups being very high (56%). There was a high level of awareness about the adverse effects of smoking and its addictiveness (99 and 93%, respectively). Forty-three percent of participants had been smoking for more than 15 years, and the main reasons for smoking were 'social consumption' and 'stress' (36 and 29%, respectively). Thirty-two percent of the ex-smokers ceased smoking for discomfort or health reasons. There were no differences between smokers and ex-smokers with respect to participation in sports or working shifts. Fifty-two percent of those surveyed reported they they were annoyed when others smoked near them. CONCLUSION: This study revealed a high prevalence of smoking, particularly among practical nurses. Regarding attitudes to health, a dichotomy between knowledge and behaviour was found in this group. In pursuing the commitment to smoking cessation in healthcare personnel, a deeper review of cultural issues and motivation should be considered.     

Smoking attitudes, behaviours and risk perceptions among primary health care personnel in urban family medicine centers in Alexandria

Smoking is a major public health problem which is responsible for large number of preventable health problems. Health professionals continue to use tobacco, often at a rate similar to, if not higher than, that of the general public. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of smoking among primary health care (PHC) personnel in 4 randomly selected urban family medicine centers in Alexandria, Egypt and to assess their attitudes, behaviours and risk perceptions towards smoking. A sample of 220 PHC personnel was included in the study. Data collection was done through using a self-administered questionnaire which was composed of 3 main parts regarding: personal data of the PHC personnel, their attitudes' towards smoking, and their personal smoking behaviours and risk perceptions. The results of the present study revealed that the prevalence of current smoking among PHC personnel was high (45%), especially among physicians (51.1%) and nurses (27.3%). Also, 88% of males, 22.7% of females, and 47.6% of married personnel were current smokers. About 59.1% of the PHC personnel had positive attitudes towards smoking cessation, and 17.3% had negative attitudes. Non smoker PHC personnel had statistically significant better attitudes than current smokers. Only 16.8% of PHC personnel found themselves very well prepared to counsel their patients about smoking cessation. Therefore, continuous medical education to all health team members should be encouraged. Smoking cessation activities should be an integral part of the PHC system, and to be provided by all PHC team members during their routine daily activity.     

Smoking behaviors among medical doctors in Fukui, Japan

This study was conducted in order to identify the smoking prevalence among all doctors (N = 874) belonging to the medical associations in Fukui Prefecture and factors that might possibly indicate causal smoking habits. A survey was conducted from December of 1996 to February of 1997, using a self-administered questionnaire, and the response rate for the survey was 91%. The main results of this survey were as follows: The prevalence of smoking among male and female medical doctors was 28% and 8% respectively, which was lower than that of adults in the general population, but higher than that of doctors in the developed countries. The prevalence of smoking among doctors was almost highest when they were 20 to 29 years old, and that among medical practitioners with their own institution was higher than doctors employed by an institution. In particular, medical practitioners who did not smoke were more likely to restrict or ban smoking in their hospitals or clinics.