内蒙古西部地区秋季过敏性鼻炎官兵吸入性过敏原检测分析

目的:分析内蒙古西部地区患秋季过敏性鼻炎官兵吸入性过敏原,以指导临床进行针对性检测和治疗.方法:采用美国ASI公司吸入性过敏原体外检测试剂盒(IVT701),对驻该地部队115例过敏性鼻炎患者进行过敏原检测.结果:115例总IgE均为阳性;其中对本检测试剂阳性者96例,占83.48%;本组46例(40.00%)对1项过敏原阳性,29例(25.22%)对2项过敏原阳性,16例(13.91%)对3项过敏原阳性,5例(4.35%)对4项过敏原阳性.蒿属植物/艾蒿阳性率最高.结论:内蒙古西部地区秋季主要吸入性过敏原为蒿属植物/艾蒿花粉,检测过敏原对过敏性鼻炎患者的特异性免疫治疗具有重要的指导意义.     

福州地区642例儿童过敏性鼻炎过敏原检测结果分析

目的 了解福州地区儿童过敏性鼻炎患者过敏原分布情况.方法 选择我院收治的福州地区儿童过敏性鼻炎患者642例,采集血清标本,采用免疫印记迹法对常见过敏原进行检测,评估患者血清IgE总体水平,进行阳性结果判断.结果 男患儿血清IgE检出率为89.81％,高于女患儿的83.63％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).566例过敏原血清IgE检测结果呈阳性,阳性率为88.16％,过敏性鼻炎患者至少对一种过敏原呈阳性,食入性和吸入性过敏原混合阳性276例,单吸入性过敏原阳性250例,单食入性过敏原阳性37例.在吸入性过敏原中尘螨组合、屋尘、蟑螂最为常见,阳性率分别为69.78％、16.82％、10.44％;食入性过敏原主要是牛奶、海鱼组合1(鳕鱼/龙虾/扇贝)、鸡蛋白,阳性率分别为16.51％、16.04％、14.33％.结论 引起儿童过敏性鼻炎不仅是单一过敏原,吸入性和食入性过敏原混合引起儿童过敏性鼻炎应引起重视.尽早检测相应过敏原,有利于早期干预和治疗儿童过敏性鼻炎.     

武汉市青山区过敏性鼻炎患者血清总IgE及特异性IgE研究

目的:探讨血清总IgE和吸入性过敏原及食物性过敏原导致的特异性IgE在过敏性鼻炎中的意义。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对98例过敏性鼻炎病人进行了血清总IgE及特异性IgE的检测。结果:98例过敏性鼻炎患者中有92例总IgE为阳性,阳性率为(93.9%);在特异性IgE的检测中,有78例在所监测的12项过敏原中至少有一项出现阳性反应,总阳性率为79.6%。在吸入性过敏原中,以尘螨、粉螨的阳性率最高(40.8%)。在食物中以蟹、虾的阳性率最高(26.5%)。结论:吸入性过敏原及食物性过敏原诱发的变态反应在过敏性鼻炎的发病中起一定的作用。     

653例过敏性哮喘患者血清特异性IgE抗体检测结果分析

目的通过检测过敏性哮喘患者血清中特异性IgE抗体,确定病变过敏原,为该病预防和临床诊治提供依据。方法采用免疫印迹法定量检测过敏性哮喘患者血清中特异性IgE抗体,发现吸入性和食物性过敏原。结果 653例患者中检出过敏原者521例,血清总IgE阳性率79.8%;1种过敏原阳性者149例（22.8%）,2～4种过敏原阳性者451例（69.1%）,5种及以上过敏原阳性者53例（8.1%）;吸入性过敏原阳性248例（37.9%）,食入性过敏原阳性132例（20.2%）,二者兼有273例（41.9%）;吸入性过敏原8类,阳性率高的是蒿属植物和艾蒿花粉、尘螨和粉螨,食物性过敏原5类,依次是虾蟹、鳕鱼、黄豆和花生、牛奶、鸡蛋。结论过敏原诱导的变态反应是产生过敏性哮喘的重要原因,蒿类花粉和螨类是最常见的过敏原,病变患者呈现低龄化趋势,有明显的季节性特点。     

山东省日照地区变应性鼻炎患者过敏原分析

目的 通过对山东省日照地区变应性鼻炎患者进行过敏原检测及分析,筛查该地区常见过敏原.方法 采用皮肤点刺法对686例变应性鼻炎患者进行过敏原检测.结果 686例患者中过敏原阳性509例（74.20%）,其中吸入组阳性率70.99%,较高的为户尘螨、粉尘螨、蟑螂;食物组阳性率30.61%,较高的为海蜇、桃子、花生.结论 吸入性变应原为日照地区过敏性鼻炎主要的致病因素,螨类为最常见的变应原.     

过敏性鼻炎皮肤点刺试验的临床研究

目的了解过敏性鼻炎患者吸入性过敏源种类及分布情况。方法对门诊疑似过敏性鼻炎患者进行吸入性过敏原皮肤点刺试验。结果阳性病例为1393例,阳性率居于首位的为粉尘螨(84.9%),其次是户尘螨(76.7%)、蟑螂(43.2%)、猫毛(14.1%)、羽毛(13.3%)。粉尘螨、户尘螨、蟑螂、羽毛在各年龄组中差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。过敏源检测强度尘螨以强阳性为主,而其他类则以弱阳性为主。结论了解过敏原的种类及强度有助于指导过敏性鼻炎的临床诊断及治疗。     

支气管哮喘患者过敏原调查分析

目的探讨九江地区支气管哮喘患者的过敏原种类和阳性率。方法选用德国阿罗格过敏原17种进行皮肤点刺试验,组胺作阳性对照,生理盐水作阴性对照。分别对80例支气管哮喘患者、80例过敏性鼻炎患者进行过敏原皮肤点刺试验,对过敏原检查的临床资料进行分析。结果皮肤过敏原检查阳性,80例支气管哮喘患者中有77例对吸入性过敏原出现阳性反应,阳性率为96.3%(77/80)。其中有67例患者又对食入性过敏原出现阳性反应,阳性率为83.8%(67/80)。2支气管哮喘患者的过敏原以吸入性为主,常对4种,10种吸入性过敏原同时过敏。结论皮肤过敏原检查(皮肤点刺试验)可为支气管哮喘患者寻找病因,减少过敏原检查的种类,九江地区过敏原检查时可以选择常见过敏原(吸入性过敏原如粉尘螨、屋尘螨、多主枝孢、特异青霉、梧桐花粉、早春花粉过敏原,食入性过敏原花生、大螯虾等)。     

大庆地区五种变应性疾病过敏原检测结果分析

目的:探讨大庆地区的变应性疾病患者常见过敏原的分布特征。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附法,对736例过敏性疾病患者进行体外特异性过敏原检测,并分析阳性病例检出率以及特异性过敏原分类。结果:1736例过敏性疾病患者中,共检出特异性过敏原者289例,阳性检出率达39.27%。2在99例荨麻疹以及66例过敏性鼻炎中,排名前三的过敏原均依次为屋尘及尘螨、豚草及蒿草、海鲜;在53例皮炎中,依次为屋尘及尘螨、海鲜、蛋奶;在47例湿疹中,依次为屋尘及尘螨、海鲜、豚草及蒿草;在24例过敏性紫癜中,依次为海鲜、蛋奶、屋尘及尘螨。3在过敏性鼻炎中,吸入性过敏原阳性率达95.5%,而在过敏性紫癜中,食物性过敏原阳性率达95.8%。结论:大庆地区常见的过敏原主要为屋尘及尘螨、豚草及蒿草、海鲜、蛋奶,该结果可为大庆地区过敏性疾病的预防和治疗提供一定依据。     

阳春地区过敏性疾病患者血清过敏原检测及分析

目的:分析阳春地区过敏性疾病患者的血清过敏原检测结果。方法:选取2015年1月～2016年12月12515例经临床医学检查确诊为过敏性疾病的患者作为观察对象,所有患者均采集血样观察血清总IgE以及过敏原特异性IgE(SIgE)水平。结果:12515例患者中共发现IgE阳性10645例(85.1%),SIgE阳性5131例(41.0%)。食入性过敏原检出率从高到低的顺序为:牛奶、小麦、蛋白、鱼虾、腰果花生、牛羊肉;吸入性过敏原检出率从高至低的顺序为:粉尘、蟑螂、猫狗毛、柳絮杨絮、葎草;其中吸入性过敏患者的发生率明显高于食入性过敏原检出率(P0.05)。有2986例(23.9%)患者只对1种过敏原出现阳性反应,有1752例(14.0%)患者对两种过敏原出现阳性反应,有125例(1.0%)患者对3种过敏原出现阳性反应,有112例(0.9%)患者出现4种或以上过敏原出现阳性反应,仅对1种过敏原过敏的患者明显高于对2种及以上过敏原过敏的患者(P0.05)。结论:阳春地区过敏性疾病中食入性过敏原主要以牛奶、小麦、蛋白为主,吸入性过敏原主要以粉尘、蟑螂、猫狗毛为主,通过过敏原检查能够明确患者的发病诱因,从而为避免食入或接触过敏原提供科学依据。     

过敏性皮肤病患者过敏原检测方法效果评价

目的评价不同过敏原检查方法的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析医院2019年收治且行过敏原皮肤点刺试验(SPT)及血清特异性免疫球蛋白E(s IgE)检测的304例过敏性皮炎患者的临床资料,分析过敏性皮肤病过敏原的种类及分布。结果血清sIgE和SPT均检出过敏原阳性203例(66.78%);SPT检测,食入性过敏原中检出率最高的为蟹,其次分别为虾、蚌类、牛奶、蛋清;吸入性过敏原中检出率较高的为粉尘螨和户尘螨。血清sIgE检测,吸入性过敏原中以室内尘螨组合检出率最高,其次为蟑螂和艾蒿;食入过敏原中以蟹检出最多,其次为虾、海洋鱼类组合、牛奶和蛋清;两种方法检出吸入性过敏原阳性例数均明显多于食入性过敏原(P <0.05),但各类过敏原(食入性、吸入性)及总检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论两种方法均检出粉尘螨、户尘螨、蟑螂、蟹、虾为过敏性皮肤病患者的主要致敏原,且2种检测方法简单快捷,结果互补,可结合用于过敏性皮肤病的检测。     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg x kg(-1)) or i.p. (50 mg x kg(-1)) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was approximately 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p < 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p < 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 +/- 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 +/- 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Changes in angiopoietin expression in glomeruli involved in glomerulosclerosis in rats with daunorubicin-induced nephrosis

AIM: To study the potential pathological role of endogenous angiopoietins in daunorubicin-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into a daunorubicin group (DRB; n=40) or a control group (n=30). The rats in the DRB group were injected with DRB (15 mg/kg), in their tails. Subsequently, at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks, 5 male Wistar rats in each group were chosen randomly for 24 h urinary protein quantitative measurements (24 h UPQM), and determination of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) levels. Kidney sections were examined by electron microscopy, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization histochemistry. RESULTS: As glomerulosclerosis progressed in the DRB group, expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli decreased and expression of TNF-alpha protein, Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli increased. Expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were negatively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression, and mean area of extracellular matrix (MAECM). In comparison, expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were positively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression and MAECM; furthermore, there was a positive correlation between plasma Ang2 and 24 h UPQM. Plasma TNF-alpha and expression of TNF-alpha in glomeruli were positively correlated with expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli. There was a negative correlation between Ang1 protein expression and Ang2 protein expression in glomeruli. CONCLUSION: During DRB-induced glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury led to a shift in the balance of Ang1 and Ang2 in glomeruli. Increased TNF-alpha in plasma and glomeruli may upregulate Ang2 expression in glomeruli. Elevated Ang2 in both plasma and glomeruli may mediate protein permeability through the glomerular filtration barrier. Moreover, local expression of Ang2 may facilitate the progress of glomerulosclerosis by upregulating a component expression of extracellular matrix.     

Trichinellosis in immigrants in Switzerland

We describe a case of trichinellosis diagnosed at the Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Lugano, in January 2009. This case was associated with a cluster of cases and was traced to the consumption of contaminated meat after a wild boar hunt in Bosnia.