Weekly cisplatin administration concurrent with radiation therapy for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Radiation therapy (RT) with concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy has been a widely accepted treatment for patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We administered 40 mg/m² cisplatin (CDDP) weekly, concurrently with RT, to six consecutive patients with locoregionally advanced NPC to evaluate its toxicity and efficacy. The median number of courses of CDDP administration was 4.5 and the median radiation dose was 69.7 Gy. Grade 3 leukopenia was observed in three patients. All but one patient experienced grade 3 or 4 skin reactions, pharyngitis, or dysphagia. All but one patient achieved a complete response, and the remaining patient received radical neck dissection for persistent cervical lymphadenopathies, which contained no cancer cells. All six patients were disease-free at last contact, with a median follow up of 23.5 months. This regimen is well tolerated in patients with locoregionally advanced NPC.     

自动勾画软件ABAS在鼻咽癌自适应放疗中的应用

目的:评估ABAS自动勾画软件勾画的危及器官准确度和效率,以此来评估它在鼻咽癌患者自适应放疗中的适用程度.方法:随机抽取15例在我院治疗的鼻咽癌患者.CT1为患者的计划CT,CT2为三分之二疗程重薪扫描的CT图像,CT3为患者放疗结束后扫描的CT图像.在ABAS软件中CT1图像设为模板,在CT2和CT3上自动勾画出所需的危及器官,并将自动勾画结果和手工勾画的结果进行对比分析.利用形状相似性指数(Dice similarity coefficient,DSC)和自动勾画时间评价软件自动勾画的精准性和效率性.结果:ABAS软件自动勾画的体积较大的危及器官的DSC指数均大于0.9,在CT1和CT2组中DSC指数的最高为脊髓(0.96±0.01),最低为晶体(0.43±0.19),在CT1和CT3组中DSC指数最高为下颌骨(0.93±0.45),最低为晶体(0.49 ±0.17).同时用ABAS自动勾画危及器官所需平均时间为十分钟左右.结论:在鼻咽癌自适应放疗过程中,自动勾画软件勾画的危器官可以达到很好的准确度同时又明显的节省时间.这样就可以快速评价危及器官受量,使得鼻咽癌自适应放疗成为可能.     

放疗联合不同方式化疗治疗中晚期鼻咽癌的近期疗效观察

目的　对比观察诱导化疗联合后程加速超分割放疗 (诱导组 )和同时期化疗联合后程加速超分割放疗 (同期组 )治疗中晚期鼻咽癌的毒副反应、有效率及生存率。方法　 3 2例中晚期鼻咽癌应用羟基喜树碱 (HCTP)诱导化疗联合后程加速超分割放射治疗 ,48例类似病人应用DDP加 5 Fu化疗同期联合后程加速超分割放射治疗。结果　诱导组总有效率 10 0 % ,其中CR87.5 % (2 8/3 2 ) ,同期组总有效率 10 0 % ,其中CR85 .42 % (4 1/4 8) ,两组之间无显著性差别 (P =0 .79) ;但经CT检查证实鼻咽肿瘤完全消退率同期组达 75 .76% ,而诱导组仅 42 .1% ,同期组比诱导组高 (P =0 .0 3 ) ;1年生存率 :诱导组为 93 .8% (3 0 /3 2 ) ,同期组为 91.7% (4 4 /4 8) ,两组之间差别无显著性意义 (P =0 .93 )。但诱导组的毒副反应比同期组轻 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　HCTP诱导化疗联合后程加速超分割放疗与DDP加 5 Fu化疗同期联合后程加速超分割放射治疗对中晚期鼻咽癌的疗效无差异 ,但前者毒副反应较轻。     

后程超分割治疗与鼻咽癌大容积原发肿瘤疗效关系的研究

目的:探讨常规分割放疗(CFRT)与后程超分割放疗(LHRT)对鼻咽癌大容积(≥60cm3)原发肿瘤的疗效关系。方法:无远处转移的182例初治鼻咽癌(T2～4N0～3Mo)。治疗前根据CT资料勾画鼻咽癌原发肿瘤,容积(≥60cm3),采用CFRT或LHRT照射,N3的病例均加用辅助化疗,分析比较两组疗效。结果:鼻咽癌大容积≥60cm3原发肿瘤无论T分期,采用LHRT较CFRT治疗,患者原发灶5年控制率对比有统计学意义。N0～2的患者无远处转移生存率对比,亦有统计学意义。结论:鼻咽癌大容积原发肿瘤无论T分期,(N0～2)后程采用超分割照射可提高鼻咽癌控制率及无瘤生存率,但N3的患者虽鼻咽癌控率可提高,但无远处转移生存率未见统计学意义的差异。     

635例非高发区局部晚期鼻咽癌调强放疗的长期随访观察

目的 探讨江苏省初治局部晚期（Ⅲ、ⅣA、ⅣB期）鼻咽癌患者调强放疗联合化疗治疗后长期生存情况及预后影响因素。方法 收集江苏省肿瘤医院放疗科2009年1月至2013年12月收治的局部晚期鼻咽癌635例进行回顾性分析。所有患者均接受调强放疗,其中604例患者接受了含铂方案为主的化疗。采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,用Log-rank检验和Cox比例风险回归模型分析局部晚期鼻咽癌患者的预后相关因素。结果 随访5～92个月,中位随访时间63.5个月。全组患者的5年局部无复发生存（LRFS）、 区域无复发生存（RRFS）、无远处转移生存（DMFS）、无进展生存（DFS）、总生存（OS）率分别为88.4％、94.2％、79.2％、71.9％和76.3％。175例（27.6％）治疗失败,其中远处转移（131例,74.9％）是主要的治疗失败形式。T分期是LRFS的独立预后因素,临床分期、N分期和化疗是RRFS、DMFS、DFS及OS的独立预后因素。结论 调强放疗提高了鼻咽癌患者的远期疗效。除了T、N分期是影响预后的重要因素外,化疗对预后也起到一定的作用。     

Sequential chemoradiotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma

We investigated a new chemoradiotherapy (CRT) regimen for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A total of 240 patients were randomly assigned to three different CRT regimens: sequential CRT [1 cycle chemotherapy + Phase I radiotherapy (RT) + 1 cycle chemotherapy + Phase II RT + 2 cycles chemotherapy] with a cisplatin–gemcitabine (GC) regimen (800 mg/m² gemcitabine on Days 1 and 8 and 20 mg/m² cisplatin on Days 1–5, every 4 weeks) (sGC‐RT); sequential chemoradiotherapy with a cisplatin–fluorouracil (PF) regimen (20 mg/m² DDP and 500 mg/m² 5‐FU on Days 1–5, every 4 weeks) (sPF‐RT) and cisplatin‐based concurrent chemoradiotherapy plus adjuvant PF chemotherapy (Con‐RT + PF). The complete response rate was higher in the sGC + RT group than in the other two groups (98.75% vs. 92.50%, p < 0.01). The 3‐year overall survival (OS), disease‐free survival (DFS) and distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS) rates in the sGC‐RT group were significantly higher than those observed in the Con‐RT group (OS, 95.0% vs. 76.3%, p < 0.001; DFS, 89.9% vs. 67.5%, p < 0.001; DMFS, 92.5% vs. 76.0%, p = 0.004) and in the sPF + RT group (OS, 95.0% vs. 73.6%, p < 0.001; DFS, 89.9% vs. 63.3%, p < 0.001; DMFS, 92.5% vs. 74.7%, p = 0.002). There were no significant differences in 3‐year OS, DFS and MFS rates between the Con‐RT and the sPF‐RT groups. The GC‐RT group experienced more hematologic toxicity, constipation and rash; however, there were no differences in late RT toxicity between the groups. These results demonstrate that a sGC‐RT regimen is effective and well tolerated in patients with locoregionally advanced NPC.     

新辅助化疗联合放疗治疗中晚期鼻咽癌的疗效观察

目的研究新辅助化疗在治疗中晚期鼻咽癌(NPC)中的疗效。方法63例中晚期NPC病人随机分为单纯放疗组30例、新辅助化疗联合放疗组33例。化疗方案PFL方案(DDP80mg/m2~100mg/m2,d1;5-FU3.5/m248h;CF0.3,d1),共2~3疗程;化疗后2周常规放射治疗鼻咽癌原发灶DT68.0Gy/7周,颈转移灶DT65.0Gy/6周,颈预防剂量55.0Gy。结果新辅助化疗联合放疗组原发灶及颈转移灶完全缓解率优于单纯放疗组,毒性反应与单纯放疗组相比无明显差异。结论新辅助化疗联合放疗可提高中晚期NPC患者近期肿瘤缓解率,毒性反应可耐受,但远期生存率需进一步观察。     

局部晚期鼻咽癌诱导加同期化放疗与诱导化放疗的对照研究

背景与目的：诱导化放疗与同时期化放疗被认为是治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌最有效的两种策略。本随机研究目的在于比较诱导化疗加同时期化放疗与诱导化放疗治疗局部区域晚期鼻咽癌的疗效。方法：从2002年8月到2005年4月,408例患者随机分为诱导化放疗（induction chemoradiotherapy, IC/RT）和诱导加同时期化放疗（induction-concurrent chemoradiotherapy, IC/CCRT）两组。两组患者接受同样的诱导化疗方案：两程氟尿嘧啶脱氧核苷（floxuridine,FuDR）（750mg/m^2,d1-5）＋卡铂（carboplatin,CBP）（AUC=6）,化疗结束后1周行放疗。诱导加同时期化放疗组的患者在在放疗的第7、28、49d接受卡铂AUC=6的化疗。8例不符合人组标准的患者被排除。剩余的400例患者被纳入进行了分析。结果：诱导加同时期化放疗组和诱导化放疗组Ⅲ、Ⅳ度毒性率分别为28．4％和13．1％（P〈0．001）。中位随访3．9年。诱导加同时期化放疗组和诱导化放疗组的3年总生存分别为75．9％和83．4％（P=0．12）。两组的无病生存、局部区域控制和远处转移控制率无统计学差异。结论：本研究采用的诱导加同时期化放疗方案未能较诱导化放疗进一步提高局部区域晚期鼻咽癌患者的总生存率。     

局部晚期鼻咽癌同期放化疗顺铂单药每周方案剂量递增临床研究

Objective  

The purpose of this study was to define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) by describing the doselimiting toxicity (DLT) of weekly cisplatin concurrently with conventional plus 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (CT + 3DCRT) in patients with loco-regionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).     

中晚期鼻咽癌放化疗综合治疗临床观察

目的：探讨DF方案联合治疗中晚期鼻咽癌的临床价值。方法：将65例中晚期鼻咽癌患者随机分成两组。一组35例行放射治疗配合DF方案化疗（综合组）。另一组30例行单纯放射治疗（单放组）。放射治疗采用6MV—X和电子线常规照射，剂量60—70Gy；化疗在放射前后一到两个星期内，按3周行一周期。两组均随访5年。结果：综合组与单放组5年生存率和局部控制率分别为62．9％、36．7％和77．1％、53．3％。综合组5年生存率和局部控制率均明显高于单放组，且两者有显著差异（P〈0．05），而毒副反应相仿。结论：放射治疗中晚期鼻咽癌配合DF化疗方案疗效较好，值得临床进一步应用。     

诱导化疗在局部晚期鼻咽癌放射治疗中的价值

目的 :评价诱导化疗对局部晚期鼻咽癌放射疗效的影响。方法 :12 7例病理确诊的Ⅲ、ⅣA期初诊鼻咽癌患者接受诱导化疗 (含顺铂为主的联合方案1～ 3个疗程 )加放射治疗 ,按TNM分期、性别、年龄、病理类型的匹配条件与同期12 7例单纯放疗患者配对进行比较 ,两组采用的放射治疗技术基本一致。结果 :化放组和单放组 3年远处转移率分别为10 2 %和 2 4 4% ,P =0 0 0 3 ,两组的 3年总生存率 (OS)、无瘤生存率 (DFS)、无远处转移生存率 (DMFS)、无复发生存率(RFS)分别为 78 1%和 67 4% ,P =0 0 85 ;72 1%和 63 1% ,P =0 0 47;88 1%和 72 1% ,P =0 0 0 1;84 9%和94 5 % ,P =0 10 5。对N2 ～N3 期患者 ,两组的OS、DFS、DMFS分别为 79 7%和64 9% ,P =0 0 2 7;74 6%和 60 2 % ,P=0 0 14 ;87 9%和 68 6% ,P =0 0 0 2。化放组化疗 2个疗程的 3年DFS要明显高于化疗 1个疗程 ( 83 1%对 65 7% ,P=0 0 49)或单纯放疗 ( 83 1%对 63 1% ,P =0 0 1)。结论 :诱导化疗综合放疗能明显降低局部晚期鼻咽癌患者的远处转移率 ,提高无瘤生存率 ,但不能提高局控率和总生存率 ;诱导化疗力度不足 ( <2个疗程 )将会影响疗效     

鼻咽癌后程加速超分割放疗的远期疗效分析

  目的  探讨鼻咽癌后程加速超分割的远期疗效及并发症。  方法  对2005年12月至2008年5月江西省赣州市肿瘤医院收治确诊为鼻咽癌的58例初治患者, 随机分为后程加速超分割放疗组（研究组）和常规分割放疗组（对照组）, 两组开始均照射1次/天, 2 Gy/次, 5天/周, 40~50 Gy后, 研究组鼻咽部放疗2次/天, 1.5 Gy/次, 间隔>6 h, 5天/周, 总剂量73~76 Gy; 对照组鼻咽部仍按常规分割放疗方法, 放疗至70~76 Gy。总剂量相近, 总疗程缩短0.5~1.5周。  结果  研究组、对照组5年鼻咽肿瘤局控率分别为86%（25/29）、59%（17/29）, 差异有统计学意义（P=0.021）。研究组晚期放射损伤发生率比对照组稍增加, 但差异无统计学意义。  结论  后程加速超分割放疗能提高鼻咽癌的局控率, 远期并发症未明显加重。      

STAT3 activation contributes directly to Epstein‐Barr virus–mediated invasiveness of nasopharyngeal cancer cells in vitro

Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is an Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐associated head and neck cancer prevalent in Asia. Although with reasons not fully understood, the intrinsic invasiveness of NPC is believed to be EBV‐linked. Recently, EBV was found to induce STAT3 activation. Constitutive STAT3 activation correlated with advanced clinical staging in NPC. We hypothesized that STAT3 activation by EBV directly contributes to the intrinsic invasiveness of NPC cells. Phospho‐STAT3‐Tyr705 was detected in high percentage of NPC tumors (7/10 cases). Using a paired NPC cell line model, HONE‐1 and the EBV‐infected counterpart, HONE‐1‐EBV, we found that HONE‐1‐EBV expressed a higher level of phospho‐STAT3‐Tyr705 and was ～11‐fold more invasive than HONE‐1. In HONE‐1‐EBV, STAT3 siRNA targeting inhibited both spontaneous and serum‐induced invasion, as well as cell growth. Conversely, activation of STAT3 (by expressing an activated STAT3 mutant, namely STAT3C) in the parental HONE‐1, mimicking EBV‐induced STAT3 activation, significantly enhanced its invasiveness and proliferation, which was accompanied by increased expression of markers of mesenchymal status, proliferation and anti‐apoptosis. Our results demonstrated that EBV‐induced STAT3 activation is responsible for NPC cell proliferation and invasion. This was further confirmed by a small molecule inhibitor of JAK/STAT3, JSI‐124. JSI‐124 inhibited STAT3 activation in HONE‐1‐EBV, with subsequent growth inhibition, induction of PARP cleavage, abrogation of anchorage‐independent growth and invasion. We found that EBV‐independent activation of STAT3 by a growth factor, EGF, also contributed to NPC invasion. In conclusion, EBV‐induced STAT3 activation directly contributes to the intrinsic invasiveness of NPC cells and STAT3 targeting may be beneficial in treating aggressive NPC. © 2009 UICC     

局部中晚期鼻咽癌四程诱导化疗后肿瘤靶区勾画的研究

目的:探讨根据诱导化疗后肿瘤变化勾画靶区的方式及其临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2009 年8 月至2013 年8 月中山大学肿瘤防治中心 57 例局部中鼻咽癌患者,行诱导化疗联合同期放化疗。诱导化疗前后鼻咽原发肿瘤范围（gross tumor volume,GTV ）（包括咽后淋巴结）分别为GTVnx-pre 和GTVnx-post 。临床靶区（clinical tumor volume,CTV ）CTVnx 1 为GTVnx-post 外扩10 mm范围,并包括 GTVnx-pre的区域。颈部淋巴结的靶区勾画与上述方法相似,分别命名为 GTVnd-pre、GTVnd-post 和CTVnd 1。CTV 2 为CTVnx 1及CTVnd 1 外扩 5 mm～10 mm范围及淋巴引流选择性预防照射范围。观察全组患者不良反应、近期及远期疗效。结果:GTVnx-pre和GTVnx-post 平均体积分别为 63 .7 cm3和21 .8 cm3（P<0.01 ）;GTVnd-pre和GTVnd-post 平均体积分别为 21 .7 cm3和7.5 cm3（P<0.01 ）。中位随访时间60 .0 个月,全组患者 5 年总生存率（overall survival ,OS）为86 .0%（49 /57 ）,无远处转移生存率（distant metastasis free survival rate ,DMFS）为91 .2%（52 /57 ）,无局部复发生存率（local recurrence survival rate ,LRFS）为93 .0%（53 /57 ）,无进展生存率（progression free survival,PFS）为93 .0%（53 /57 ）,复发患者均为GTVnx-post 或GTVnd-post 内复发。结论:鼻咽癌4 个疗程诱导化疗后肿瘤体积明显缩小,按化疗后肿瘤勾画靶区疗效较好,值得进一步验证。      

Larynx preservation with primary non-surgical treatment for loco-regionally advanced larynx cancer

Introduction: The objective of this paper was to review the results of primary non‐surgical treatment with the aim of larynx preservation for loco‐regionally advanced larynx cancer (LALC). Methods: All patients with LALC presenting between January 2002 and December 2006 who were selected for primary non‐surgical treatment were included in this study. Results: There were 60 patients, 48% with stage III and 52% with stage IV disease. The median follow‐up of living patients was 41 months. Larynx preservation with local disease control was achieved in 83% and 77% of patients at 3 and 5 years, respectively. Failure‐free survival at 3 and 5 years was 66% and 59%, respectively, and overall survival was 67% and 45%, respectively. All patients with larynx preservation had a functional voice. Two patients became feeding tube dependant. Thirty‐nine percent of all deaths were unrelated to LALC. Conclusions: Primary non‐surgical treatment achieves high rates of larynx preservation with a low rate of severe complications but overall survival remains disappointing.     

Anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor therapy concurrently with induction chemotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Little is known about the efficacy and toxicity of anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor therapy concurrently with induction chemotherapy (IC) in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA‐NPC). The present study aimed to address this question. We identified 2848 patients with newly diagnosed LA‐NPC receiving IC between January 2012 and May 2015. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to balance various factors and to match patients. Survival outcomes and toxicities between different groups were compared. In total, 596 patients were selected at a 1:3 ratio, with 149 in the IC + CTX/NTZ group and 447 in the IC alone group. The 3‐year disease‐free survival, overall survival, distant metastasis‐free survival and locoregional relapse‐free survival rates for IC + CTX/NTZ vs IC alone were 84.3% vs 75.2% (P = .059), 94.0% vs 87.9% (P = .053), 88.0% vs 84.9% (P = .412) and 93.3% vs 88.2% (P = .242). Multivariate analysis established a treatment group (IC vs IC + CTX/NTZ) as a prognostic predictor for DFS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.497; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.016‐2.206; P = .041) and OS (HR, 1.984; 95%, CI, 1.023‐3.848; P = .043). Grade 3‐4 skin reaction (15.4% vs 0.4%, P < .001) and mucositis (10.1% vs 2.7%, P < .001) were more common in the IC + CTX/NTZ group than that in the IC alone group. Our findings suggested that CTX/NTZ in combination with IC may be a more effective and promising strategy for patients with LA‐NPC treated with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy.     

局部晚期鼻咽癌替吉奥化疗同步放疗临床观察

目的:观察局部晚期鼻咽癌替吉奥化疗同步放疗临床应用效果以及安全性.方法:选取2011年1月-2012年1月于我院进行治疗的局部晚期鼻咽癌患者60例,随机分为两组,研究组和对照组,每组各30例.对照组采取单纯放疗方式进行治疗,研究组采用替吉奥化疗同步放疗进行治疗.观察并比较两组患者的疗效、不良反应、复发以及生存情况.结果:研究组患者治疗后总有效率为80.00％(24/30)显著高于对照组的53.33％ (16/30) (P ＜0.05).对照组患者治疗后骨髓抑制10例(33.33％)、胃肠反应14例(46.67％)、口腔黏膜反应10例(33.33％)、放射性皮炎12例(40.00％)均显著低于研究组的20例(66.67％)、24例(80.oo％)、20例(66.67％)、22例(73.33％)(均P＜0.05).研究组患者治疗后1年生存率为100％,与对照组的93.33％没有差异(P＞0.05).研究组患者治疗后2年生存率为96.67％,1年复发率为3.33％,2年复发率为6.67％均显著优于对照组的83.33％,16.67％,23.33％(均P＜0.05).结论:替吉奥化疗同步放疗对于局部晚期鼻咽癌患者近、远期疗效好,值得推广应用,但应注意毒副反应.     

鼻咽癌放疗后口干燥症的临床分析

口干燥症是鼻咽癌放疗后最常见的后遗症之一,严重影响患者的生存质量。本研究旨在探讨鼻咽癌放疗后口干燥症的严重程度及其对日常生活的影响。     

56例鼻咽癌侵犯副鼻窦的MR影像分析

Objective  

The aim of the study was to study the nuclear magnetic resonance image (MRI) feature for involvement of paranasal sinuses in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).