上海市农村常住居民自我药疗行为倾向及其影响因素的调查

目的了解上海市农村常住居民自我药疗行为倾向现状,探讨其影响因素。方法使用自行设计的居民自我药疗行为倾向问卷,对656名上海市农村常住居民进行问卷调查。结果85.67%的居民在过去一年内有过自我药疗行为,其自我药疗行为倾向总均分为2.79±0.43。家中有无医务工作者、医保类型、健康状况为居民自我药疗行为倾向的主要影响因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论上海市农村常住居民自我药疗行为较普遍,且受多种因素影响。促进合理安全的自我药疗,降低自我药疗风险对保证居民用药安全具有重要意义。     

上海市农村常住居民自我药疗影响因素的质性研究

目的深入了解上海市农村常住居民自我药疗的影响因素,为合理自我药疗、降低自我药疗风险干预提供依据。方法采用现象学研究方法,对11名上海市农村常住居民自我药疗现状进行半结构式访谈。结果提取了"自我药疗抉择的影响因素"和"药物选择及使用的影响因素"两大主题。前者包括医疗保险和家庭经济状况、对医务工作者的信任程度、就医程序及耗时情况、家庭备药情况、居民对自我疾病严重程度的认识;后者包括对相同疾病的处理经验、亲友建议以及媒体广告导向等。结论上海市农村常住居民自我药疗不尽合理,受多种因素影响。需政府、卫生机构共同努力,以使居民合理安全自我药疗。     

本科实习护生自我超越现状及影响因素研究

目的 调查本科实习护生的自我超越现状并分析其影响因素.方法 选取昆明市3所三级甲等医院441名本科实习护生为研究对象,采用自我超越量表、心理自立量表、成就动机量表进行调查.结果 本科实习护生自我超越总分为(46.15士6.00)分;回归分析结果显示,家庭居住地、对护理专业的看法、心理自立、成就动机是本科实习护生自我超越得分的主要影响因素,共解释本科实习护生自我超越总变异量的45.3％.结论 本科实习护生自我超越处于中等偏高水平,但仍有较大的提升空间.学校及实习医院可通过认知干预、自我反思、正念训练等措施,提升本科实习护生自我超越水平.     

影响胫骨平台骨折预后因素的研究

【摘要】 目的 探讨影响胫骨平台骨折预后的因素,为临床治疗及康复提供依据。方法 收集2006年1月~2011年12月收治的62例胫骨平台骨折病例,其中非手术治疗19例,方法为抽取关节腔积血,加压包扎,石膏托外固定;手术治疗43例,方法为切开复位内固定。结果 临床治疗后均获得随访,随访平均时间2.8年。参照Lysolm评分标准,非手术治疗组优良率73.7%,手术治疗组优良率88.4%。SchatzkerⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型骨折优良率高于Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ型(P<0.05);男性患者优良率稍高于女性患者,但差异无统计学意义;8小时内治疗的患者预后优良率高于8小时后治疗的患者(P<0.05);60岁以上患者预后优良率不及60岁以下患者。3例患者术后出现创伤性关节炎,2例患者术后出现不同程度的关节面塌陷。结论 手术是胫骨平台骨折的有效治疗方法。胫骨平台骨折类型,治疗方法和治疗时机的选择,患者年龄,早期功能锻炼可以影响胫骨平台骨折的预后。     

The effect of the obstetrician group and epidural analgesia on the risk for cesarean delivery in nulliparous women

BACKGROUND: The effects of regional anesthesia and of the obstetrician on the risk of cesarean delivery remain controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine whether epidural analgesia or the obstetrician group is associated with an increase in the risk for cesarean delivery in nulliparous women. METHODS: Data were collected for a two-year period from the medical records of all nulliparous women who had a private obstetrician who delivered >20 babies per year, and who presented with a singleton gestation in the vertex presentation for a trial of labor. RESULTS: Data were collected for 3699 women of whom 1832 were nulliparous. Of the 1832 nulliparous women, data were analyzed for the 1278 women who met our study criteria, representing 14 separate obstetrician groups. Excluding the 50 women whose babies were delivered for fetal distress (leaving 1228 women for analysis), the epidural rate was 93%, range 81-98%, and the cesarean delivery rate was 14%, range 8-34%. Logistic regression analyses revealed that (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval) patient age (1.7, 1.2-2.4), birth weight (1.001, 1.001-1.002), induction of labor (1.9, 1.3-2.7), non-Caucasian (1.9, 1.2-2.9) and the obstetrician group, (P=0.002), were independently associated with the risk of cesarean delivery, but epidural analgesia was not (1.6, 0.7-3.6). CONCLUSIONS: The obstetrician group is independently associated with the risk of cesarean delivery in nulliparous women, but we could not demonstrate this association with epidural analgesia. We suggest that in future studies regarding epidural analgesia and cesarean delivery, the obstetrician group should be included as a variable.     

长春市24831例前臂远端骨密度影响因素研究

目的研究年龄、性别、体重指数(BMI)、饮食、运动、吸烟、嗜酒、慢性胃炎、糖尿病、高血压、甲状腺机能亢进、父亲骨折病史、母亲骨折病史及女性生育、绝经等因素对骨密度(BMD)的影响。方法双能X线骨密度仪(pDXA)检测前臂远端BMD,用自制的问卷调查表记录受试者生活习惯、慢性病史及女性绝经、生育史等进行统计学分析。结果年龄、性别、体重、运动、饮食、吸烟、嗜酒、慢性胃炎、高血压病、甲状腺机能亢进及母亲骨折病史与BMD检测值相关,具有统计学意义;而父亲骨折病史、Ⅱ型糖尿病病史与BMD无关,女性绝经年限和生育次数与BMD呈明显负相关。结论吸烟、嗜酒、母亲骨折病史、慢性胃炎、甲状腺机能亢进、高血压病史及女性绝经、生育次数是OP的危险因素。运动、喝牛奶、吃海产品、体重指数是OP的可控因素。     

外伤性肠损伤预后相关影响因素研究

目的 探讨影响外伤性肠损伤患者行手术治疗的预后相关因素.方法 回顾分析本院2003年1月至2012年12月因外伤性肠损伤行手术处理的患者,使用单因素及多因素模型对相关因素进行评估.结果 纳入研究共73例(男57例,女16例),平均年龄54.7岁.小肠损伤46例(63.1%),结肠损伤27例(37.0%),其中含多处肠损伤的为16例(21.9%).单因素分析显示,患心脏病史、损伤至手术时间长(＞8小时)、高NISS评分(＞20分)及伴有休克是影响预后的主要因素,进一步行多因素分析显示,其中NISS评分及损伤至手术时间是改后的独立危险因素.结论 NISS评分及损伤至手术时间是影响外伤性肠损伤预后的独立危险因素.     

房颤患者华法林自我管理现状及影响因素调查

目的了解房颤患者华法林自我管理现状,并探讨其影响因素,为房颤患者华法林自我管理干预措施的制定提供依据。方法便利抽取221例在心内科门诊就诊的口服华法林抗凝治疗的房颤患者,采用疾病感知问卷、服药信念量表与房颤患者口服华法林自我管理量表进行调查。结果房颤患者口服华法林自我管理总分为(31.93±5.51)分,疾病感知总分为(52.56±9.63)分,服药信念总分中位数为0.50分;不同居住方式、服药种数以及有无出血史患者口服华法林自我管理评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。房颤患者口服华法林自我管理总分与疾病感知总分、服药必要信念呈正相关(均P0.05),与服药顾虑信念呈负相关(P0.05)。多元逐步回归分析结果显示,疾病感知总分、服药必要信念与服药顾虑信念是房颤患者口服华法林自我管理的主要预测变量(调整R~2=0.882)。结论护理人员应关注房颤患者口服华法林自我管理水平,采取措施提高患者疾病感知水平,树立积极的服药信念,以提高患者口服华法林自我管理能力。     

Labor analgesia and cesarean delivery: an individual patient meta-analysis of nulliparous women

BACKGROUND: The authors performed an individual patient meta-analysis of 2,703 nulliparous women who were randomized to either epidural analgesia or intravenous opioids for pain relief during labor from five trials conducted at their hospital. The primary purpose in this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of epidural analgesia during labor on the rate of cesarean delivery. METHODS: Between November 1, 1993, and November 3, 2000, 2,703 nulliparous women (2,188 healthy parturients and 515 women with pregnancy-induced hypertension) in spontaneous labor at term were randomized to receive either epidural analgesia or intravenous opioid analgesia in the five studies. Epidural analgesia was initiated with either epidural bupivacaine or intrathecal sufentanil and was maintained with a low-dose (0.0625% or 0.125%) mixture of bupivacaine with fentanyl. Intravenous opioid analgesia was initiated with 50 mg meperidine and 25 mg promethazine hydrochloride and was maintained with intravenous boluses of meperidine as needed. RESULTS: A total of 1,339 nulliparous women were randomized to receive epidural analgesia, and 1,364 women were randomized to receive intravenous meperidine analgesia. There was no difference in the rate of cesarean deliveries between the two analgesia groups (epidural analgesia, 10.5% [140 of 1,339] vs. intravenous meperidine analgesia, 10.3% [141 of 1,364]; adjusted odds ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 0.81-1.34; P = 0.920). Significantly more women randomized to epidural analgesia had forceps deliveries compared to meperidine analgesia (13% [172 of 1,339] vs. 7% [101 of 1,364]; adjusted odds ratio, 1.86; 95% confidence interval, 1.43-2.40; P < 0.001). Epidural women had longer first and second stages of labor. Women who received epidural analgesia reported lower pain scores during labor and delivery compared to women who received intravenous meperidine analgesia. CONCLUSION: Epidural analgesia compared to intravenous meperidine analgesia during labor does not increase the number of cesarean deliveries.     

Aesthetic subunit of the breast: an analysis of women's preference and clinical implications

Patient satisfaction in breast surgery is dependent on achieving a balance among all aesthetic subunits. The purpose of this study is to identify which subunit of the breast women consider important and correlate this clinically to improve patient satisfaction following breast surgery. A total of 313 subjects (ages, 20-80) were surveyed using a 25-point survey instrument collected via a telemedicine form. The data was analyzed to determine clinical significance. Of the subjects, 63% selected the upper inner quadrant as the most important subunit. Furthermore, 66% of the subjects indicated defects located in this region would lead them to seek operative intervention and this was consistent for all subgroups. Based on these results, defects in the upper inner quadrant of the breast are more likely to cause patient dissatisfaction. Patient outcomes following surgery can be enhanced by restoring volume and minimizing scars in this upper medial subunit of the breast.     

儿科护士专业自我概念及影响因素调查研究

目的了解儿科护士的专业自我概念水平并分析其影响因素。方法应用护士专业自我概念量表对338名儿科护士进行问卷调查。结果儿科护士专业自我概念总分88.25±11.27、项目均分2.94±0.38,趋于积极;年龄和护龄对儿科护士专业自我概念的灵活性和技能有影响,职称对灵活性、沟通交流能力和满意度有影响,而学历仅对沟通交流能力及满意度有影响。结论儿科护士专业自我概念偏向于积极。其专业技能得分最高,而灵活性、沟通交流及管理能力得分较低。护理管理者应针对影响因素采取适当的措施提高儿科护士的专业自我概念,以提高儿科护士工作积极性,保证护理队伍的稳定。     

硬膜外分娩镇痛对分娩方式的影响

目的 评价硬膜外分娩镇痛对分娩方式的影响.方法 初产妇400例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,足月、单胎、头位,无妊娠并发症及硬膜外麻醉禁忌证.分为硬膜外镇痛组和非镇痛组(n=200).硬膜外镇痛组宫口开至3 cm时,采用0.1%罗哌卡因混合0.5 μg/ml舒芬太尼行硬膜外镇痛,宫口开全后停止镇痛.记录镇痛前和镇痛15 min时VAS评分;评价运动阻滞程度;记录分娩方式、第一产程、第二产程、新生儿出生后1、5 min时Apgar评分和新生儿体重;记录镇痛过程中不良反应的发生情况.结果 硬膜外镇痛组镇痛15 min时VAS评分由(8.3±0.8)分降至(1.6±1.1)分(P＜0.05).与非镇痛组比较,硬膜外镇痛组顺产率和阴道器械助产率升高,剖宫产率降低,第一产程和第二产程延长(P＜0.05).2组新生儿出生后1、5 min时Apgar评分和新生儿体重比较差异无统计学意义(P＜0.05).硬膜外镇痛组下肢运动阻滞发生率为0.5%,下肢麻木发生率为9.0%,恶心呕吐发生率为1.5%.结论 硬膜外分娩镇痛可降低剖宫产率,提高自然分娩率.     

ICU护士报警疲劳的影响因素研究

目的 调查ICU护士报警疲劳状况,分析其影响因素,为临床制定相关报警疲劳干预策略提供参考。方法 采用便利抽样法选取贵州省3所三级甲等医院的252名ICU护士作为调查对象,使用一般资料调查表、ICU护士报警疲劳量表、护士同情心负荷量表进行问卷调查。结果 ICU护士报警疲劳总分为(25.52±5.57)分,同情心疲乏得分为(19.90±5.75)分,工作倦怠得分为(20.22±3.28)分。同情心疲乏及工作倦怠均与ICU护士报警疲劳呈显著正相关(均P＜0.05)。多元逐步回归分析显示,对护理工作的喜爱程度、设置报警参数的频率、职称、同情心疲乏和工作倦怠是ICU护士报警疲劳的影响因素(均P＜0.05),共解释43.1%的总变异。结论 护理管理者应高度重视ICU护士同情心疲乏及工作倦怠情况,合理安排人力资源,积极进行医疗仪器设备报警相关培训,提高护士对护理工作的满意度、适当设置报警参数以降低ICU护士报警疲劳水平。     

Study on factors influencing surgical patients′ sense of security

目的 了解外科手术患者的总体安全感水平,探讨影响外科手术患者安全感的因素.方法 应用自编外科手术患者安全感问卷,对山东省6所综合医院的243名外科手术患者进行调查.结果 外科手术患者安全感得分为89.07±15.08,人际关系方面的安全感最低(2.92±0.60).家庭收入、择院理由(诊疗技术高、声誉好)、患病时间以及子女情况是影响外科手术患者安全感的主要因素(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 外科手术患者的安全感处于比较安全水平,家庭收入高、所住医院诊疗技术较高、患病时间短的患者安全感相对较高.医院及管理机构需针对影响患者安全感的因素,完善外科手术患者治疗各环节,提高患者围术期的安全感.     

80年代末期上海妇女哺乳行为及影响因素分析

对８０年代末上海市卢湾、虹口两区的７８２６对新婚夫妇婚后１５个月内，生育一孩后的哺乳行为及其影响因素的分析表明，至婚后１５个月，已有７１．６％的夫妇生育一孩。这些夫妇产后２周时的哺乳率为７０．７％。人工喂养的主要原因是无母乳或母乳不足（占总数的８２．８％）。Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析表明，影响哺乳行为的母亲方面的因素有年龄、受教育程度、企业性质、生育意愿、对配偶的满意情况及某些个性特征。婴儿方面的因素有出生体重、早产及婴儿异常。并对各种不同特征妇女的哺乳率作了分析。     

上海市社区糖尿病患者足部胼胝现况及影响因素调查

目的了解社区糖尿病患者足部胼胝的现况及影响因素,为预防糖尿病足提供依据。方法采用方便取样法对上海市2个社区319例糖尿病患者进行问卷调查,并检查其足部胼胝发生情况,测量踝肱指数、足底压力等指标。结果55.5%的社区糖尿病患者有足部胼胝;体重指数、10g单纤维丝检查阳性、足底压力冲量为糖尿病患者足部胼胝的影响因素,其中10g单纤维丝检查阳性、足底压力冲量为独立危险因素。结论社区糖尿病患者足底胼胝发生率高,体重指数、10g单纤维丝检查阳性、足底压力冲量是导致足底胼胝的危险因素;需针对上述危险因素开展相应的健康教育,以降低糖尿病足的发生及发展。     

Black rubber or clear plastic delivery tubing for nitrous oxide: patient preference

Entonox (a 50:50 mixture of nitrous oxide in oxygen) is given via black rubber corrugated tubing in most obstetric units even though this has been superseded by clear plastic tubing in many operating theatres. This trial has shown that more women in labour preferred using plastic rather than black rubber tubing because it was lighter in weight and devoid of the unpleasant smell associated with the latter. Women also suffered a greater degree of dizziness while using the black rubber tubing. Clear plastic tubing seems a sensible alternative for the delivery of Entonox now that the risks associated with the build up of static charge have little importance. It is cheap, odourless and lightweight, it can be cut to any length, fits standard 22 mm connections, is easy to clean and although durable is potentially disposable.